{"data":[{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0042543","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0042543","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0042543","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0042543","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Raymond"},{"given":"Thor","family":"Smestad"}],"title":"Teck Cominco Riverbank Restoration Project : case study, Trail, British Columbia","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"Teck Cominco Metals Ltd has operated a lead-zinc smelter in Trail, British Columbia, Canada for over 100 years. A number of attempts to re-vegetate the high bank of the Columbia River below this smelter have been made; however, these have met with poor to, at best, moderate success. This project combines two essential features to re-vegetate this slope: soil bioengineering to stabilize the slope surface and the use of pioneering plants to initiate natural vegetation succession processes on the site. The primary objectives were to stabilize the site by establishing well-rooted permanent native vegetation, and to improve the aesthetics of the hillside. Other objectives were to reduce sediment delivery into the Columbia River, and to improve riparian habitat. Live cuttings used in the soil bioengineering structures were collected locally near the project area. In the spring and fall of 2006 soil bioengineering structures were installed on approximately 860 metres of the lower, active bank of the Columbia River. These consist of brush layers with protective layers and live cutting pockets installed within rip-rap, as well as brush sills and fascines within a gravel bank. The cuttings used consisted of a mixture of Salix scouleriana, S. bebbiana, S. exigua and S. lasiandra, Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa and Cornus sericea. Planting was machine-assisted using excavators and survival and growth of the structures was assessed as good to excellent. The upper riverbank, or hillside site has a total width of 700 m and an average slope length of 80 m. Slope gradients range from 20 to 85% (10 to 40o) and the aspect is to the east/north-east. The slope surficial material consists of glacio-fluvial sand mixed with historical smelter waste materials such as brick and slag. The hillside units were reclaimed during the fall of 2006 and springs of 2007/08. On slope gradients greater than 40% (22 o), which is the majority of the hillside, machine-assisted planting was done using a Schaeff Walking Excavator (Spyder Hoe). On slopes greater than 60% (31o), this machine was tethered to a skidder located at the top of the slope. Materials were transported onto the slope using a skyline cable system. The soil bioengineering structures on the hillside units consist of brush layers, using a species mixture of approximately 80% Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa and 20% Salix scouleriana and S. bebbiana, with a minor component of Salix lasiandra. During planting of the brush layers a custom soil amendment was utilized to increase soil fertility, retain moisture and regulate pH. Straw wattles were also installed across the slope to control surface erosion. Survival and growth of planted areas was mostly good to excellent, but with some areas of high mortality due to soil contamination and/or lack of irrigation. The hillside units were also planted with container type native shrubs and trees and hydro-seeded with native grasses using pulp mill bio solids as mulch. An irrigation system was installed and a five-year monitoring program, which includes excavation of root systems and compost tea applications, was initiated in the summer of 2007.","resource-type-subtype":"Text","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"text","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2009","registered":"2015-11-07T01:42:40Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-08T20:13:54Z","media":[],"xml":"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Cecilie","family":"Gulbrandsen"},{"given":"Thor Martin","family":"Svartaas"}],"title":"INFLUENCE OF MELTING RATE ON THE DISSOCIATION OF GAS HYDRATES WITH THE KINETIC INHIBITOR PVCAP PRESENT","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"The kinetic inhibitor Poly Vinyl Caprolactam (PVCap) was added as a kinetic inhibitor to the gas-water system. Different hydrate formers were used in order to obtain formation of the different hydrate structures (sI, sII and sH). All hydrate structures were formed with PVCap. The effect of applying different melting rates was investigated. The isochoric technique was used to obtain dissociation temperatures and corresponding pressures. The melting rate was found to be a parameter influencial for the dissociation temperature. Even for very slow melting rates such as 0.0125 Kelvin per hour, the final dissociation temperature was significantly higher that the dissociation temperature for the corresponding non-inhibited system.","resource-type-subtype":"Text","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"text","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2008","registered":"2015-11-07T01:01:19Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-08T19:51:57Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"text","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0041002","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0041002","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0041002","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0041002","author":[{"given":"Ann Cecilie","family":"Gulbrandsen"},{"given":"Thor Martin","family":"Svartaas"}],"title":"INFLUENCE OF A SYNERGIST ON THE DISSOCIATION OF HYDRATES FORMED IN THE PRESENCE OF THE KINETIC INHIBITOR POLY VINYL CAPROLACTAM","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"Laboratory tests have been performed using a stirred cell where SI and SII gas hydrates have been formed under the presence of the kinetic inhibitor Poly Vinyl Caprolactam (PVCap) and INHIBEX. The latter is a mixture containing 50wt% PVCap 2k and 50wt% butyl glycol. The effect of PVCap is enhanced by the presence of butyl glycol; the latter acts as a synergist for the former. Dissociation temperatures were obtained and compared for hydrates formed 1) in presence of PVCap and 2) in presence of INHIBEX. The effect of INHIBEX concentration on the temperature of dissociation was also investigated. Systems containing INHIBEX dissociated at lower temperatures than the corresponding systems with only PVCap present. Furthermore, 3000 ppm INHIBEX mixtures were found to have higher dissociation temperatures than 1500 ppm INHIBEX mixtures.","resource-type-subtype":"Text","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"text","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2008","registered":"2015-11-07T01:01:01Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-08T19:51:43Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"text","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0040950","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0040950","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0040950","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0040950","author":[{"given":"Ann Cecilie","family":"Gulbrandsen"},{"given":"Thor Martin","family":"Svartaas"}],"title":"INFLUENCE OF FORMATION TEMPERATURE AND INHIBITOR CONCENTRATION ON THE DISSOCIATION TEMPERATURE FOR HYDRATES FORMED WITH POLY VINYL CAPROLACTAM","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"Inhibitor containing systems were investigated for hydrate structures I and II. The kinetic inhibitor PVCap was added to the water phase for each hydrate structure. Dissociation temperatures were determined for various formation temperatures and PVCap concentrations. Obtained dissociation temperatures were compared with corresponding values calculated with CSMHYD. Differences between experimental and calculated values were compared for various formation temperatures and inhibitor concentrations. Comparison revealed that these parameters (formation temperature and concentration) had an effect on the dissociation temperature. Dissociation temperatures for hydrates formed at low degrees of subcooling were higher than for hydrates formed at large subcooling. The effect depended on the system pressure; apparently decreasing or vanishing with increasing pressure. 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F."},{"literal":"Zhang, Yu"},{"literal":"Liu, Peng"},{"literal":"Toste, F. Dean"}],"title":"CCDC 2363940: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination","container-title":"Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre","description":"Related Article: Zeng Rong Wong, Binh Khanh Mai, Willi R. Berg, Alexander Kvitsinski, Thor L. F. Correia, Yu Zhang, Peng Liu, F. 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M.","family":"Bjelland"},{"given":"Thor-Bernt","family":"Melø"},{"given":"Callum","family":"McCracken"},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Seo"},{"given":"Harue","family":"Nakashima"}],"title":"The Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Efficiency of Some 9,10-Substituted Diphenyl Anthracene Variants : A Decisive Analysis from Kinetic Rate Constants","container-title":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","description":"Triplet–triplet transfer photochemical reactions are essential in many biological, chemical, and photonic applications. Here, the Pd-octaethylporphyrin sensitizer along with triplet–triplet annihilator (TTA) active 9,10-diphenylantracenes (DPA) and the related substituted variants in low concentrations were examined. A full experimental approach is presented for finding the necessary rate parameters with statistical standard deviation parameters. This was achieved by solving the pertinent non-analytical kinetic differential equation and fitting it to the experimental time-resolved photoluminescence of both slow fluorescence and sensitizer phosphorescence. The efficiency of the triplet–triplet energy transfer rate was found to be around 90% in THF but only around 75% in toluene. This appears to follow from the shorter lifetime of the sensitizer triplet in toluene. Moreover, the TTA transfer rate was on average more than 40% in THF toluene whereas a considerably lower value around 20–30% was found for toluene. This originated in an order of magnitude higher solvent quenching rate using toluene, based on the analysis of the delayed fluorescence decay traces. These are also higher than the statistically expected 1/9 TTA efficiency but in accordance with recent results in the literature, that attributed these high values to an inverse intersystem crossing process. In addition, quantum chemical calculations were carried out to reveal the pertinent excited triplet molecular orbitals of the lowest triplet excited state for a series of substituted DPAs, in comparison with the singlet ground state. Conclusively, these states distribute mainly in an anthracene ring in all compounds being in the range 1.64–1.65 eV above the ground state. The TTA efficiency was found to vary depending on the DPA annihilator substitution scheme and found to be smaller in THF. This is likely because the molecular framework over which the T1 excited molecular orbitals distribute is less sensitive for a longer lifetime of the annihilator triplet state.","resource-type-subtype":"Text","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"text","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2025","registered":"2025-05-09T17:30:22Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-08T16:44:48Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"text","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0380956","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0380956","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0380956","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0380956","author":[{"given":"Sara R.","family":"Bang-Christensen"},{"given":"Rasmus S.","family":"Pedersen"},{"given":"Marina A.","family":"Pereira"},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Clausen"},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Løppke"},{"given":"Nicolai T.","family":"Sand"},{"given":"Theresa D.","family":"Ahrens"},{"given":"Amalie M.","family":"Jørgensen"},{"given":"Yi Chieh","family":"Lim"},{"given":"Louise","family":"Goksøyr"},{"given":"Swati","family":"Choudhary"},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Gustavsson"},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dagil"},{"given":"Mads","family":"Daugaard"},{"given":"Adam F.","family":"Sander"},{"given":"Mathias H.","family":"Torp"},{"given":"Max","family":"Søgaard"},{"given":"Thor G.","family":"Theander"},{"given":"Olga","family":"Østrup"},{"given":"Ulrik","family":"Lassen"},{"given":"Petra","family":"Hamerlik"},{"given":"Ali","family":"Salanti"},{"given":"Mette Ø.","family":"Agerbæk"}],"title":"Capture and Detection of Circulating Glioma Cells Using the Recombinant VAR2CSA Malaria Protein","container-title":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","description":"Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Although extracranial metastases are rarely observed, recent studies have shown the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of glioma patients, confirming that a subset of tumor cells are capable of entering the circulation. The isolation and characterization of CTCs could provide a non-invasive method for repeated analysis of the mutational and phenotypic state of the tumor during the course of disease. However, the efficient detection of glioma CTCs has proven to be challenging due to the lack of consistently expressed tumor markers and high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Thus, for this field to progress, an omnipresent but specific marker of glioma CTCs is required. In this article, we demonstrate how the recombinant malaria VAR2CSA protein (rVAR2) can be used for the capture and detection of glioma cell lines that are spiked into blood through binding to a cancer-specific oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS). When using rVAR2 pull-down from glioma cells, we identified a panel of proteoglycans, known to be essential for glioma progression. Finally, the clinical feasibility of this work is supported by the rVAR2-based isolation and detection of CTCs from glioma patient blood samples, which highlights ofCS as a potential clinical target for CTC 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Agent Alignment with Goal Inference from Open-Ended Dialog","container-title":"arXiv","description":"We introduce Open-Universe Assistance Games (OU-AGs), a formal framework extending assistance games to LLM-based agents. Effective assistance requires reasoning over human preferences that are unbounded, underspecified, and evolving. Current LLM agents struggle in multi-turn interactions and with maintaining accurate models of user intent in collaborative settings. Existing assistance game formulations assume fixed, predefined preferences, an assumption that breaks down in open-ended dialogue where goals are revised incrementally and expressed in natural language. Grounded in cognitive science accounts of preference construction, we represent human preferences as a dynamically updated distribution over discrete natural-language goals. To operationalize OU-AGs, we introduce GOOD (GOals from Open-ended Dialogue), a data-efficient online method that extracts and ranks candidate goals during interaction, using LLM-simulated users to perform probabilistic inference over goal hypotheses. This allows for interpretable, uncertainty-aware preference representations without large offline datasets. We evaluate GOOD across three text-based domains: grocery shopping, household robotics (AI2-THOR), and coding. Compared to baselines without explicit goal tracking, GOOD produces semantically coherent goal representations and improves alignment with user intent across domains.","resource-type-subtype":"Article","data-center-id":"arxiv.content","member-id":"arxiv","resource-type-id":"preprint","version":"2","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2025","registered":"2025-08-22T01:26:15Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-08T12:50:53Z","media":[],"xml":"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of environmental performance among green buildings","container-title":"University of British Columbia. Sauder School of Business. Centre for Sustainability \u0026amp; Social Innovation","description":"The building sector has an enormous environmental impact. In Canada, the operation of buildings draws 50% of energy produced, and buildings emit 35% of total CO2 emissions (CanmetENERGY, 2011; Lucuik et al., 2005). The large environmental impact of the building sector makes it a critical area for mitigating climate change, preserving scarce resources, and reducing the environmental impact of cities (Lucuik et al., 2005). Innovations to reduce the environmental impact of the building sector have led to the development of certification programs for green buildings. In Canada, the two largest organizations that evaluate and certify green buildings are the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) and the Canadian Green Building Council (CaGBC). BOMA awards the Building Environment Standards (BOMA BESt) certification, and the CaGBC awards the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification (BOMA BESt, 2011; CaGBC, 2011). BOMA BESt and LEED certifications signal the environment performance of a building, and a building with superior environmental performance may earn higher levels of certification to reflect this. Since BOMA BESt and LEED certification programs were introduced to Canadian markets, there has been a steady increase in the average level of certification for both certification programs (See Figure 3 on page 8). If the observed increase in certification levels means an overall improvement in environmental performance within the building sector, then this may be good news for the environment. This then raises the question: what is driving the improvement in environmental performance of buildings. One possible driver for improved environmental performance is a building’s operating expense, such as the costs to maintain a comfortable working environment including heating and lighting expenses. By improving the environmental performance of a building the amount of resources required to operate a building may be reduced. Using fewer resources may amount to lower operating costs, and it is possible this incentive is strong enough for building owners and managers to make the extra effort and investment necessary to attain higher levels of environmental performance within the building sector. All things held equal, a building in a region with lower operating costs may require more incentive to reach the same level of environmental performance as a building in a region with higher operating costs. The purpose of this report is to examine the relationship between operating costs, incentives, and environmental performance. Drivers of operating costs - such as climate or the price of electricity and natural gas - are compared to the level of certification attained by non-residential green buildings across Canada. The results reveal that the environmental performance of non-residential green buildings is related to drivers of operating costs; however not always in the way anticipated. The main findings of the report are: • Building owners and managers may be responding to higher energy costs by increasing the energy efficiency of their building. Regions with higher electricity prices had higher average levels for BOMA BESt certified buildings, but not for LEED certified buildings. The weighting of energy within the BOMA BESt certification may explain its strong relationship with electricity prices. • Buildings in regions where electricity prices had increased the most prior to certification had lower levels of BOMA BESt certified buildings. • Buildings in colder climates, with greater heating requirements, are less likely to exhibit higher levels of ecocertification. • There was no relationship between the price of natural gas and the level of certification for BOMA BESt or LEED certified buildings. • Despite an almost six year head start, there are over three times as many BOMA BESt certifications in Canada than LEED certifications. Differences in certification processes and costs may explain the faster adoption of BOMA BESt buildings in Canada. • Despite strong relationships found between the level of environmental performance and certain variables, the drivers of operational costs tested here explain only a small fraction of the total variation in certification level of environmental 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The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”","resource-type-subtype":"Text","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"text","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2010","registered":"2015-11-12T01:29:33Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-08T04:41:00Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"text","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.871233","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.1594/pangaea.871233","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.1594/pangaea.871233","url":"https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.871233","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Algueró-Muñiz"},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Alvarez-Fernandez"},{"given":"Peter","family":"Thor"},{"given":"Lennart Thomas","family":"Bach"},{"given":"Mario","family":"Esposito"},{"given":"Henriette G","family":"Horn"},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Ecker"},{"given":"Julia A F","family":"Langer"},{"given":"Jan","family":"Taucher"},{"given":"Arne","family":"Malzahn"},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Riebesell"},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Boersma"}],"title":"KOSMOS 2013 Gullmar Fjord long-term mesocosm study: Mesozooplankton abundance","container-title":"PANGAEA","description":"Ocean acidification (OA) is one of the major symptoms of the current increase in atmospheric CO2. Here, we present results from a mesocosm experiment carried out during 113 days in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak coast of Sweden, studying plankton responses to predicted end-of-century pCO2 levels. Abundances of both copepods (Pseudocalanus acuspes, Temora longicornis, and Oithona similis) and hydromedusae (Hybocodon prolifer and Aglantha digitale) responded to pCO2. Furthermore, stage-specific pCO2 sensitivities were detected in copepods, copepodites being the most sensitive stage.","resource-type-subtype":"Supplementary Dataset","data-center-id":"pangaea.repository","member-id":"pangaea","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":null,"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode","schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2017","registered":"2018-01-01T03:06:49Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-08T03:28:15Z","media":[],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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      <creatorName>Algueró-Muñiz, Maria</creatorName>
      <givenName>Maria</givenName>
      <familyName>Algueró-Muñiz</familyName>
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      <creatorName>Alvarez-Fernandez, Santiago</creatorName>
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      <familyName>Alvarez-Fernandez</familyName>
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      <creatorName>Bach, Lennart Thomas</creatorName>
      <givenName>Lennart Thomas</givenName>
      <familyName>Bach</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0003-0202-3671</nameIdentifier>
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      <creatorName>Esposito, Mario</creatorName>
      <givenName>Mario</givenName>
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      <creatorName>Horn, Henriette G</creatorName>
      <givenName>Henriette G</givenName>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName>Ecker, Ursula</creatorName>
      <givenName>Ursula</givenName>
      <familyName>Ecker</familyName>
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      <creatorName>Langer, Julia A F</creatorName>
      <givenName>Julia A F</givenName>
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      <creatorName>Malzahn, Arne</creatorName>
      <givenName>Arne</givenName>
      <familyName>Malzahn</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0002-2027-0804</nameIdentifier>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName>Riebesell, Ulf</creatorName>
      <givenName>Ulf</givenName>
      <familyName>Riebesell</familyName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0002-9442-452X</nameIdentifier>
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      <creatorName>Boersma, Maarten</creatorName>
      <givenName>Maarten</givenName>
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  <titles>
    <title>KOSMOS 2013 Gullmar Fjord long-term mesocosm study: Mesozooplankton abundance</title>
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    <subject subjectScheme="Parameter">Depth, top/min</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Parameter">DEPTH, water</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Parameter">Mesozooplankton</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Parameter">Fisch, eggs</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Parameter">Fish larvae</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Method">Mesocosm experiment</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Campaign">KOSMOS_2013</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Project">Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)</subject>
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    <description descriptionType="Abstract">Ocean acidification (OA) is one of the major symptoms of the current increase in atmospheric CO2. Here, we present results from a mesocosm experiment carried out during 113 days in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak coast of Sweden, studying plankton responses to predicted end-of-century pCO2 levels. Abundances of both copepods (Pseudocalanus acuspes, Temora longicornis, and Oithona similis) and hydromedusae (Hybocodon prolifer and Aglantha digitale) responded to pCO2. Furthermore, stage-specific pCO2 sensitivities were detected in copepods, copepodites being the most sensitive stage.</description>
    <description descriptionType="Other">Supplement to: Algueró-Muñiz, Maria; Alvarez-Fernandez, Santiago; Thor, Peter; Bach, Lennart Thomas; Esposito, Mario; Horn, Henriette G; Ecker, Ursula; Langer, Julia A F; Taucher, Jan; Malzahn, Arne; Riebesell, Ulf; Boersma, Maarten (2017): Ocean acidification effects on mesozooplankton community development: results from a long-term mesocosm experiment. PLoS ONE, 12(4)</description>
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The period examined covers the late eighteenth century, just prior to the first smallpox epidemic, through to 1906 when a delegation of Salish men met with King Edward in London on behalf of all the Native people of British Columbia. I argue that Aboriginal collective identity and political authority are and were situationally constructed products of complicated negotiations among indigenous people and between Natives and newcomers. Multiple options were always available and the various expressions that shared identity assumed never were the only ones possible. Consequently, among the local indigenous population, history has always been regarded as an important arbitrator of identity and disagreements over competing historical interpretations highly contentious. To a greater extent than has been appreciated, changes in the way Native collective affiliations have been constituted have been informed by reference to ancient sacred stories and an ongoing process of interpreting past precedence. They are also intimately linked to migrations. Over time and across geography, different indigenous people have used these stories to different ends. Gendered and class-based distinctions in the way these narratives have been applied to either the creation of innovative collective identities or to the defense of older expressions reveal the tensions within Aboriginal society and between Natives and newcomers that arose as indigenous people struggled to make sense of a rapidly changing colonial world. The uncertainty following pivotal historical events allowed these submerged tensions to assume more public forms. Examined here are the important identity shaping historical events and migrations that indigenous historiography has emphasized: Creation, the Great Flood, the 1780 smallpox epidemic, the establishment of local Hudson's Bay trading posts in 1827 and 1846, the 1858 goldrush, the imposition of colonial reserves, the banning of the potlatch, the 1884 hostile incursions into Canadian Native communities of an American lynch mob, and the government policy to transform Salish fishermen into western-style farmers. Ultimately, Western ideologies, colonial authority and global economic forces are considered as forces acting within indigenous society, and not merely as exogenous powers acting 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A.","family":"Thompson"},{"given":"Greg L.","family":"Owens"},{"given":"Diana J.","family":"Rennison"}],"title":"Coexistence in sympatry with gene flow before speciation has completed","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"Incipient species often coexist in sympatry before complete reproductive isolation has evolved between them. How do they persist in the face of hybridization and gene flow? The challenge is more acute than ordinary ecological coexistence not only because gene flow erodes and recombines genetic differences, but also because selection against hybrids can destabilize population sizes. We estimated gene flow and selection against hybrid genotypes between sympatric limnetic and benthic species of threespine stickleback in two British Columbia lakes. First-generation hybrids are present at a rate of about 2%. To estimate selection, we compared the frequency distribution of ancestry proportions between juvenile and adult samples. We also used genomic simulation with assortative mating in an ecological model to determine how much selection is required to reproduce observed genotype frequencies. Results from the two approaches were comparable and yielded estimated selection coefficients S against the least fit ancestry proportion (within backcross range) between 0.5 – 0.6. Surprisingly, selection was found to be only slightly weaker than that leading readily to collapse and fusion in our simulations, suggesting that sympatric stickleback species are close to a coexistence boundary. Moderately strong selection appears to be required for coexistence with even low levels of gene flow. We suggest that larger niche differences are required to stabilize coexistence with gene flow than without gene flow. This helps to explain why successful sympatric species that hybridize often show conspicuous ecological and phenotypic differences.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2025","registered":"2025-08-15T17:37:13Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:47:57Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"dataset","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397714","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0397714","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397714","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0397714","author":[{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"},{"given":"Sarah P.","family":"Otto"}],"title":"Data from: Liking the good guys: amplifying local adaptation via the evolution of condition-dependent mate choice","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Local adaptation can be strengthened through a diversity of mechanisms that reduce gene flow between contrasting environments. Recent work revealed that mate choice could enhance local adaptation when females preferentially mate with locally adapted males and that such female preferences readily evolve, but the opposing effects of recombination, migration, and costs of female preferences remain relatively unexplored. To investigate these effects, we develop a two-patch model with two genes, one influencing an ecological trait and one influencing female preferences, where both male signals and female preferences are allowed to depend on the match between an individual's ecological trait and the local environment (condition). Because trait variation is limited when migration is rare and the benefits of preferential mating are short-lived when migration is frequent, we find that female preferences for males in high condition spread most rapidly with intermediate levels of migration. Surprisingly, we find that preferences for locally adapted males spread fastest with higher recombination rates, which contrasts with earlier studies. This is because a stronger preference allele for locally adapted males can only get uncoupled from maladapted ecological alleles following migration through recombination. The effects of migration and recombination depend strongly on the condition of the males being chosen by females, but only weakly on the condition of the females doing the choosing, except when it comes to the costs of preference. While costs always impede the spread of female preferences for locally adapted males, the impact is substantially lessened if costs are borne primarily by females in poor condition. The abundance of empirical examples of condition-dependent mate choice combined with our theoretical results suggests that the evolution of mate choice could commonly facilitate local adaptation in nature.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2020","registered":"2021-05-21T18:13:45Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:22:40Z","media":[],"xml":"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H.","family":"Vines"},{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Dalziel"},{"given":"Arianne","family":"Albert"},{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"},{"given":"Patricia Marita","family":"Schulte"},{"given":"Dolph","family":"Schluter"},{"given":"Arianne Y. K.","family":"Albert"}],"title":"Data from: Cline coupling and uncoupling in a stickleback hybrid zone","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Strong ecological selection on a genetic locus can maintain allele frequency differences between populations in different environments, even in the face of hybridization. When alleles at divergent loci come into tight linkage disequilibrium, selection acts on them as a unit and can significantly reduce gene flow. For populations interbreeding across a hybrid zone, linkage disequilibria between loci can force clines to share the same slopes and centers. However, strong ecological selection on a locus can also pull its cline away from the others, reducing linkage disequilibrium and weakening the barrier to gene flow. We looked for this ‘cline uncoupling’ effect in a hybrid zone between stream resident and anadromous sticklebacks at two genes known to be under divergent natural selection (Eda and ATP1a1) and five morphological traits that repeatedly evolve in freshwater stickleback. These clines were all steep and located together at the top of the estuary, such that we found no evidence for cline uncoupling. However, we did not observe the stepped shape normally associated with steep concordant clines. It thus remains possible that these clines cluster together because their individual selection regimes are identical, but this would be very surprising given their diverse roles in osmoregulation, body armor and swimming performance.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2020","registered":"2021-05-21T18:16:00Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:21:59Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"da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I.","family":"Bolnick"},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hendrix"},{"given":"Lyndon Alexander","family":"Jordan"},{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"},{"given":"Chad D.","family":"Brock"}],"title":"Data from: Intruder colour and light environment jointly determine how nesting male stickleback respond to simulated territorial intrusions","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Variation in male nuptial colour signals might be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection. This can occur if males are more aggressive towards rivals with locally common colour phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, we introduced red or melanic three-dimensional printed-model males into the territories of nesting male stickleback from two optically distinct lakes with different coloured residents. Red-throated models were attacked more in the population with red males, while melanic models were attacked more in the melanic male lake. Aggression against red versus melanic models also varied across a depth gradient within each lake, implying that the local light environment also modulated the strength of negative frequency dependence acting on male nuptial colour.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2020","registered":"2021-05-21T18:11:42Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:20:20Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"dataset","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0398006","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0398006","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0398006","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0398006","author":[{"given":"Diana J.","family":"Rennison"},{"given":"Gregory L.","family":"Owens"},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Heckman"},{"given":"Dolph","family":"Schluter"},{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"}],"title":"Data from: Rapid adaptive evolution of colour vision in the threespine stickleback radiation","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Vision is a sensory modality of fundamental importance for many animals, aiding in foraging, detection of predators, and mate choice. Adaptation to local ambient light conditions is thought to be commonplace, and a match between spectral sensitivity and light spectrum is predicted. We use opsin gene expression to test for local adaptation and matching of spectral sensitivity in multiple independent lake populations of threespine stickleback populations derived since the last ice age from an ancestral marine form. We show that sensitivity across the visual spectrum is shifted repeatedly towards longer wavelengths in freshwater compared with the ancestral marine form. Laboratory rearing suggests this shift is largely genetically based. Using a new metric, we found that the magnitude of shift in spectral sensitivity in each population corresponds strongly to the transition in the availability of different wavelengths of light between the marine and lake environment. We also found evidence of local adaptation by sympatric benthic and limnetic ecotypes to different light environments within lakes. Our findings indicate rapid parallel evolution of the visual system to altered light conditions. The changes have not, however, yielded a close matching of spectrum-wide sensitivity to wavelength availability, for reasons we discuss.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2020","registered":"2021-05-21T17:46:55Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:20:05Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"dataset","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397910","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.1428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A.","family":"Harrison"},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Bretman"},{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Rodríguez-Muñoz"},{"given":"Tom","family":"Tregenza"}],"title":"Data from: Multiple post-mating barriers to hybridisation in field crickets","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Mechanisms that prevent different species from interbreeding are fundamental to the maintenance of biodiversity. Barriers to interspecific matings, such as failure to recognize a potential mate, are often relatively easy to identify. Those occurring after mating, such as differences in the how successful sperm are in competition for fertilisations, are cryptic and have the potential to create selection on females to mate multiply as a defence against maladaptive hybridization. Cryptic advantages to conspecific sperm may be very widespread and have been identified based on the observations of higher paternity of conspecifics in several species. However, a relationship between the fate of sperm from two species within the female and paternity has never been demonstrated. We use competitive microsatellite PCR to show that in two hybridising cricket species, Gryllus bimaculatus and G. campestris, sequential cryptic reproductive barriers are present. In competition with heterospecifics, more sperm from conspecific males is stored by females. Additionally, sperm from conspecific males has a higher fertilisation probability. This reveals that conspecific sperm precedence can occur through processes fundamentally under the control of females, providing avenues for females to evolve multiple mating as a defence against hybridization, with the counterintuitive outcome that promiscuity reinforces isolation and may promote speciation.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2020","registered":"2021-05-21T17:45:10Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:17:55Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"dataset","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397874","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0397874","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397874","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0397874","author":[{"given":"Timothy H.","family":"Vines"},{"given":"Rose L.","family":"Andrew"},{"given":"Dan G.","family":"Bock"},{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Franklin"},{"given":"Kimberly J.","family":"Gilbert"},{"given":"Nolan C.","family":"Kane"},{"given":"Jean-Sébastien","family":"Moore"},{"given":"Brook T.","family":"Moyers"},{"given":"Sébastien","family":"Renaut"},{"given":"Diana J.","family":"Rennison"},{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"},{"given":"Sam","family":"Yeaman"}],"title":"Data from: Mandated data archiving greatly improves access to research data","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;The data underlying scientific papers should be accessible to researchers both now and in the future, but how best can we ensure that these data are available? Here we examine the effectiveness of four approaches to data archiving: no stated archiving policy, recommending (but not requiring) archiving, and two versions of mandating data deposition at acceptance. We control for differences between data types by trying to obtain data from papers that use a single, widespread population genetic analysis, STRUCTURE. At one extreme, we found that mandated data archiving policies that require the inclusion of a data availability statement in the manuscript improve the odds of finding the data online almost 1000-fold compared to having no policy. However, archiving rates at journals with less stringent policies were only very slightly higher than those with no policy at all. We also assessed the effectiveness of asking for data directly from authors and obtained over half of the requested datasets, albeit with ∼8 d delay and some disagreement with authors. Given the long-term benefits of data accessibility to the academic community, we believe that journal-based mandatory data archiving policies and mandatory data availability statements should be more widely adopted.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2020","registered":"2021-05-21T18:09:50Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:17:11Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"dataset","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397710","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0397710","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397710","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0397710","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Veen"},{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"},{"given":"O.","family":"Overdijk"}],"title":"Data from: The diet of an endemic subspecies of the Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia balsaci, breeding at the Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;In the period 1998–2010 the endemic subspecies of the Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia balsaci breeding in Mauritania has decreased in numbers considerably. The causes for this decline are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the diet of the species. We analysed faecal material collected in the breeding colonies in 8 different years. The results show that Mauritanian Spoonbills almost exclusively eat shrimp (59.7%) and small fish (35.4%), the latter being dominated by Gobiidae (20.8%), Soleidae (4.8%) and Mugilidae (2.8%). Another 10 fish families were represented in small proportions. Shrimp were quantified on the basis of (parts of) mandibles present in the samples. All prey items eaten by the Spoonbills were extremely small. Diet composition of adult birds and chicks appeared to be similar. There was great variation in diet composition of adults between years, but there was no trend in any of the major diet components over the study period. This indicates that the decline of the Spoonbill population is not correlated with changes in food composition. Our diet study has been of a qualitative nature. Considering the dramatic population decline we plea for a more detailed ecological study of the species, including a quantitative approach of food intake and foraging conditions.","resource-type-subtype":"Dataset","data-center-id":"ubc.oc","member-id":"ubc","resource-type-id":"dataset","version":"1","license":null,"schema-version":"4","results":[],"related-identifiers":[],"related-items":[],"citation-count":0,"citations-over-time":[],"view-count":0,"views-over-time":[],"download-count":0,"downloads-over-time":[],"published":"2020","registered":"2021-05-21T17:49:59Z","checked":null,"updated":"2026-05-07T22:13:36Z","media":[],"xml":"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"},"relationships":{"data-center":{"data":{"id":"ubc.oc","type":"data-centers"}},"member":{"data":{"id":"ubc","type":"members"}},"resource-type":{"data":{"id":"dataset","type":"resource-types"}}}},{"id":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397599","type":"works","attributes":{"doi":"10.14288/1.0397599","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0397599","url":"https://doi.library.ubc.ca/10.14288/1.0397599","author":[{"given":"Thor","family":"Veen"},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Faulks"},{"given":"Frances","family":"Tyler"},{"given":"Jodie","family":"Lloyd"},{"given":"Tom","family":"Tregenza"}],"title":"Data from: Diverse reproductive barriers in hybridising crickets suggests extensive variation in the evolution and maintenance of isolation","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Reproductive barriers reduce gene flow between populations and maintain species identities. A diversity of barriers exist, acting before, during and after mating. To understand speciation and coexistence, these barriers need to be quantified and their potential interactions revealed. We use the hybridising field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus and G. campestris as a model to understand the full compliment and relative strength of reproductive barriers. We find that males of both species prefer conspecific females, but the effect is probably too weak to represent a barrier. In contrast, prezygotic barriers caused by females being more attracted to conspecific male song and preferentially mounting and mating with conspecifics are strong and asymmetric. Postzygotic barriers vary in direction; reductions in fecundity and egg viability create selection against hybridisation, but hybrids live longer than pure-bred individuals. Hybrid females show a strong preference for G. bimaculatus songs, which together with a complete lack of hybridisation by G. campestris females, suggests that asymmetric gene flow is likely. For comparison, we review reproductive barriers that have been identified between other Gryllids and conclude that multiple barriers are common. Different species pairs are separated by qualitatively different combinations of barriers, suggesting that reproductive isolation and even the process of speciation itself may vary widely even within closely related 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B.","family":"Hjernquist"},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Van Wilgenburg"},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Hobson"},{"given":"Eelke","family":"Folmer"},{"given":"Laura","family":"Font"},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Klaassen"}],"title":"Data from: Identifying the African wintering grounds of hybrid flycatchers using a multi–isotope (δ2H, δ13C, δ15N) assignment approach","container-title":"The University of British Columbia","description":"\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Abstract\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;br/\u0026gt;Migratory routes and wintering grounds can have important fitness consequences, which can lead to divergent selection on populations or taxa differing in their migratory itinerary. Collared (Ficedula albicollis) and pied (F. hypoleuca) flycatchers breeding in Europe and wintering in different sub-Saharan regions have distinct migratory routes on the eastern and western sides of the Sahara desert, respectively. In an earlier paper, we showed that hybrids of the two species did not incur reduced winter survival, which would be expected if their migration strategy had been a mix of the parent species’ strategies potentially resulting in an intermediate route crossing the Sahara desert to different wintering grounds. Previously, we compared isotope ratios and found no significant difference in stable-nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) in winter-grown feathers between the parental species and hybrids, but stable-carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in hybrids significantly clustered only with those of pied flycatchers. We followed up on these findings and additionally analyzed the same feathers for stable-hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H) and conducted spatially explicit multi-isotope assignment analyses. The assignment results overlapped with presumed wintering ranges of the two species, highlighting the efficacy of the method. In contrast to earlier findings, hybrids clustered with both parental species, though most strongly with pied 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