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M.H.","familyName":"Knops","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska, USA"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Frey, Beat","givenName":"Beat","familyName":"Frey","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Switzerland"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Firn, Jennifer","givenName":"Jennifer","familyName":"Firn","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Australia"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Fay, Philip A.","givenName":"Philip A.","familyName":"Fay","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laborator, USA"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Hagedorn, Frank","givenName":"Frank","familyName":"Hagedorn","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Switzerland"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","givenName":"Elizabeth T.","familyName":"Borer","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, 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grasslands"}],"publisher":"EnviDat","container":{},"publicationYear":2019,"subjects":[{"lang":"en","subject":"GLOBAL"},{"lang":"en","subject":"GRASSLAND"},{"lang":"en","subject":"MINERALIZATION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"NUTRIENT NETWORK"},{"lang":"en","subject":"SOIL"},{"lang":"en","subject":"SOIL BIOLOGY"},{"lang":"en","subject":"SOIL CHEMISTRY"},{"lang":"en","subject":"WORLDWIDE"}],"contributors":[{"name":"Risch, Anita C.","givenName":"Anita C.","familyName":"Risch","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Switzerland"}],"contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-8336","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Plant-Animal 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bytes"],"formats":["application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"],"version":"1.0","rightsList":[{"lang":"en","rights":"ODC Open Database License v1.0","rightsUri":"http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"odbl-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","description":"This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.\nPaper Citation:\nRisch, A. C.; Zimmermann, S.; Ochoa-Hueso, R.; Schütz, M.; Frey, B.; Firn, J. L.; Fay, P. A.; Hagedorn, F.; Borer, E. T.; Seabloom, E. W.; et al. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10 (1), 4981 (10 pp.). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12948-2\nPlease cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.\nWe conducted coordinated measurements of realised and potential soil net Nmin, and assessed water holding capacity, bulk density, C and N content, texture, pH, pore space, microbial biomass, and archaeal (AOA) and bacterial (AOB) ammonia oxidiser abundance using identical materials and methods across 30 grasslands on six continents. The sites covered a globally relevant range of climatic and edaphic conditions. Climate data was obtained from worldclim - Global climate data https://www.worldclim.org/","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":"en","description":"Resource Title: soil-net-nitrogen-mineralisation-across-global-grasslands\n Size: 33527 bytes\n Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet\n URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/109ef559-0459-4056-aff5-282374d01ff9/resource/24108011-8b7b-4da0-9742-2f05576ecbc1/download/risch-et-al._soil-net-nitrogen-mineralisation-aross-global-grasslands.xlsx\n Description: site.code: Site code\n\nContinent: Continent\n\nsampleID: Sample ID\n\nnn.latitude: Lattitude\n\nnn.longitude: Longitude\n\nbioclim.T.ann: Mean annual temperature (°C)\n\nbioclim.T.var: Temperature variability (°C)\n\nbioclim.T.q.wet: Temperature of the wettest quarter (°C)\n\nbioclim.T.q.dry: Temperature of the driest quarter (°C)\n\nbioclim.T.q.warm: Temperature of the warmest quarter (°C)\n\nbioclim.P.ann: Mean annual preciptiation 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Ona, FL, USA. 33865"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Speziale, Karina L.","givenName":"Karina L.","familyName":"Speziale","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCOMA), Pasaje Gutierrez 1125, Bariloche, Argentina"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-2097","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Stevens, Carly J.","givenName":"Carly J.","familyName":"Stevens","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-1763","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Tognetti, Pedro M.","givenName":"Pedro M.","familyName":"Tognetti","affiliation":[{"name":"IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-1334","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Virtanen, Risto","givenName":"Risto","familyName":"Virtanen","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-8217","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Yahdjian, Laura","givenName":"Laura","familyName":"Yahdjian","affiliation":[{"name":"IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-1221","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Ochoa-Hueso, Raul","givenName":"Raul","familyName":"Ochoa-Hueso","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Árabe s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-6926","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Anthropogenic change and soil net N mineralization"}],"publisher":"EnviDat","container":{},"publicationYear":2020,"subjects":[{"lang":"en","subject":"AMMONIFICATION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"CLIMATE"},{"lang":"en","subject":"FERTILIZATION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"GLOBAL CHANGE"},{"lang":"en","subject":"GRASSLAND"},{"lang":"en","subject":"HERBIVORE"},{"lang":"en","subject":"MINERALIZATION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"NITRIFICATION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"NITROGEN"},{"lang":"en","subject":"NUTRIENT NETWORK"},{"lang":"en","subject":"SOIL"}],"contributors":[{"name":"Risch, Anita C.","givenName":"Anita C.","familyName":"Risch","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL","schemeUri":"https://ror.org/","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Plant-Animal Interactions","nameType":"Organizational","affiliation":[],"contributorType":"ResearchGroup","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2015-01-01/2016-04-30","dateType":"Collected"},{"date":"2020","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"Cites","relatedIdentifier":"10.16904/envidat.87","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1038/s41467-019-12948-2","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsRequiredBy","relatedIdentifier":"https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8/resource/13089b78-5a54-47a5-abe2-243a1e32772d/download/risch-et-al.-gcb_2020_raw.data.xlsx","relatedIdentifierType":"URL"}],"relatedItems":[{"titles":[{"title":"Risch et al. 2020 - Raw data for publication \"Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties\""}],"creators":[],"contributors":[],"relationType":"References","relatedItemType":"Other","relatedItemIdentifier":{"relatedItemIdentifier":"https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8/resource/13089b78-5a54-47a5-abe2-243a1e32772d/download/risch-et-al.-gcb_2020_raw.data.xlsx","relatedItemIdentifierType":"URL"}}],"sizes":["39920 bytes"],"formats":["application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"],"version":"1.0","rightsList":[{"lang":"en","rights":"ODC Open Database License v1.0","rightsUri":"http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"odbl-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","description":"This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.\nPaper Citation:\nRisch Anita C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Moser, Barbara, Schütz, Martin, Hagedorn, Frank, Firn, Jennifer, Fay, Philip A., Adler, Peter B., Biederman, Lori A., Blair, John M., Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Brown, Cynthia S., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., di Virgilio, Augustina, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Knops, Johannes M.H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Prober, Suzanne M., Seabloom, Eric W., Siebert, Julia, Silveira, Maria L. , Speziale, Karina L., Stevens, Carly J., Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul (accepted). Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties. Global Change Biology\nPlease cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.\nWe assessed how the removal of mammalian herbivores (Fence) and fertilization with growth-limiting nutrients (N, P, K, plus nine essential macro- and micronutrients; NPK) individually, and in combination (NPK+Fence), affected potential and realized soil net Nmin across 22 natural and semi-natural grasslands on five continents. Our sites spanned a comprehensive range of climatic and edaphic conditions found across the grassland biome. We focused on grasslands, because they cover 40-50% of the ice-free land surface and provide vital ecosystem functions and services. They are particularly important for forage production and C sequestration. Worldwide, grasslands store approximately 20-30% of the Earth’s terrestrial C, most of it in the soil (Schimel, 1995; White et al., 2000).","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":"en","description":"Resource Title: Risch et al. 2020 - Raw data for publication \"Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties\"\n Size: 39920 bytes\n Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet\n URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/14280e45-7eee-4f1c-93cd-9f00083ddcc8/resource/13089b78-5a54-47a5-abe2-243a1e32772d/download/risch-et-al.-gcb_2020_raw.data.xlsx\n Description: we assessed how the removal of mammalian herbivores (Fence) and fertilization with growth-limiting nutrients (N, P, K, plus nine essential macro- and micronutrients; NPK) individually, and in combination (NPK+Fence), affected potential and realized soil net Nmin across 22 natural and semi-natural grasslands on five continents. Our sites spanned a comprehensive range of climatic and edaphic conditions found across the grassland biome. We focused on grasslands, because they cover 40-50% of the ice-free land surface and provide vital ecosystem functions and services. They are particularly important for forage production and C sequestration. Worldwide, grasslands store approximately 20-30% of the Earth’s terrestrial C, most of it in the soil (Schimel, 1995; White et al., 2000).\n\nStudy sites and experimental design\nThe 22 sites contributing to this project are part of the Nutrient Network Global Research Cooperative (NutNet, https://nutnet.umn.edu/). Mean annual temperature across our 22 sites ranged from -4 to 22°C, mean annual precipitation from 252 to 1,592 mm, and elevations from 6 to 4,261 m above sea level (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table S1). Soil organic C varied from 0.8 to 7.8%, soil total N from 0.1 to 0.6%, and the soil C:N ratio from 9.1 to 21.5. Soil clay content spanned from 3.0 to 35%, and soil pH from 3.4 to 7.6 (Supplementary Table S2). Thus, the sites covered a wide range of environments in which grasslands occur (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table S1 \u0026amp; S2). \nAt each site, the effects of nutrient addition and herbivore removal were tested via a randomized-block design (Borer et al., 2014; Supplementary Fig. S1a). Three replicate blocks with 10 treatment plots each were established at each site, with the exception of the site at bldr.us, where only two blocks were established (Supplementary Fig. S1a). The 10 plots were randomly assigned to a nutrient or fencing treatment, but only a subset of four plots was used in the current study, each with a different treatment (see below; Supplementary Fig. S1a). All plots were 5 x 5 m and divided into four 2.5 x 2.5 m subplots (Supplementary Fig. S1b). Each subplot was further divided into four 1 x 1 m square sampling plots, one of which was set aside for soil sampling (Borer et al., 2014; Supplementary Fig. S1b). Plots were separated by at least 1 m wide walkways. \nIn this study, we collected data from the following four treatments: (i) untreated control plots (Control), (ii) herbivore removal plots (Fence), (iii) plots fertilized with N, P, K, plus nine essential macro and micronutrients (NPK), and (iv) plots with simultaneous fertilizer addition and herbivore removal (NPK+Fence; Supplementary Fig. S1a). The number of years of treatment differed among sites (2 – 9 years since start of treatment; Supplementary Table S1). For the nutrient additions, all sites applied 10 g N m-2 yr-1 as time-release urea; 10 g P m-2 yr-1 as triple-super phosphate; 10 g K m-2 yr-1 as potassium sulfate. A micro-nutrient mix (Fe, S, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Ca) was applied at 100 g m-2 together with K in the first year of treatments but not thereafter. \nThe vertebrate herbivore removal treatment (Fence) was established by fencing two plots, one control and one NPK plot, within each of the blocks (Supplementary Fig. S1a). We designed the fences so that they would effectively exclude aboveground mammalian herbivores with a body mass of over 50 g (Borer et al., 2014). At the majority of sites, the height of the fences was 180 cm, and the fence design included wire mesh (1 cm holes) on the first 90 cm along with a 30 cm outward-facing flange stapled to the ground to exclude burrowing animals; climbing and subterranean animals may potentially still access these plots (Borer et al., 2014). For slight modifications in fence design at a few sites see Supplementary Table S3. While most sites only had native herbivores, a few sites (4) were also grazed by domestic animals (Supplementary Table S1).\nPotential and realized soil net N mineralization, ammonification, nitrification and other soil properties \nEach site participating in the study received a package containing identical material from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) to be used for sampling and on-site N incubations. For the field incubation, we followed the protocol by Risch et al. (2015, 2019). Briefly, we drove a 5 x 15 cm (diameter x depth) steel cylinder 13.5 cm deep into the soil after clipping the vegetation at randomized locations in each plot. The top 1.5 cm of the cylinder remained empty to capture incoming N from run-off or deposition with a polyester mesh bag (mesh-size 250 µm) filled with 13.2 ± 0.9 g of acidic and alkaline exchanger resin (1:1 mixture; ion-exchanger I KA/ion-exchanger III AA, Merck AG, Darmstadt). The bag was fixed in place with a metal Seeger ring (Bruetsch-Rüegger Holding, Urdorf, Switzerland). We then removed 1.5 cm soil at the bottom of the cylinder and placed another resin bag to capture N leached from the soil column. The exchange resin was saturated with H+ and Cl- prior to filling the bags by stirring the mixture in 1.2M HCl for 1 h and then rinsing it with demineralized water until the electrical conductivity of the water reached 5 μS/cm. The cylinders were then re-inserted into the cored hole, level with the soil surface, and incubated for an average of 42 days (range 40 to 57days). The individual site coordinators chose the timing of incubation to start approximately six weeks prior to peak plant biomass production. All incubations were completed between February 2015 and January 2016 accounting for differences in growing season between northern and southern hemispheres. At the end of the incubation, the cylinders were re-collected and immediately shipped to WSL in an insulated box together with cold packs to halt further mineralization. Gloves were worn at all times to avoid contamination of the samples. Upon arrival at WSL, we extracted the resin bags and a 20 g subsample of sieved soil (4 mm) separately in a 100 ml PE-bottle with 80 ml 1 M KCl for 1.5 h on an end-over-end shaker and filtered through ashless folded filter paper (DF 5895 150, ALBET LabScience). We measured NO3- (colorimetrically; Norman \u0026amp; Stucki, 1981) and NH4+concentrations (flow injection analysis; FIAS 300, Perkin Elmer) on these filtrates. \nAt the start of the field incubation, we additionally collected two soil cores of 5 x 12 cm (diameter x depth) in each sampling plot and composited them to measure potential soil net Nmin, soil chemical and biological properties (see below). We also collected an additional sample (5 x 12 cm) to assess soil physical properties, which remained within the steel cylinder. Both ends were tightly closed with plastic caps. Cores were carefully packed to avoid further disturbance, and together with the composited soil samples, were shipped to the laboratory at WSL within a few days after collection. \nFrom the composited samples, we extracted an equivalent of 20 g dry soil with KCl, as described above, and measured NO3- and NH4+concentrations. Realized soil net Nmin was then calculated as the difference between the inorganic N content of samples collected at the end of the incubation (plus N extracted from the bottom resin bag) and the N content at the beginning of the incubation; values were scaled to represent daily mineralization rates (mg N kg-1soil d-1; Risch et al., 2015). Realized soil net Nmin values represent an average period of 42 days prior to peak biomass, typically the highest period of biological activity, and not the entire year (Risch et al., 2019). \nA second subsample of the composited sample was used to determine potential soil net Nmin in the laboratory (Risch et al., 2019). Briefly, we weighed duplicate samples (8 g dry soil) into 50-ml Falcon tubes. Soil moisture was brought to 60% of the field capacity of each plot, the Falcon tubes tightly closed and then incubated at 20°C for 42 days in a dark room. Every week the Falcon tubes were opened and ventilated. At the end of the incubation, the soil samples were extracted the same way as described above and NO3- and NH4+ was determined. Potential soil net Nmin was calculated as the difference between the N content before and after the incubation and scaled to represent daily values (mg N kg-1soil d-1). Using our NO3- and NH4+ measures we also calculated potential and realized soil net nitrification and soil net ammonification to be able to better understand the drivers of fertilization and herbivore removal effects on potential and realized soil net Nmin. \nA third subsample of the composite soil sample was sieved (2 mm mesh) and microbial biomass (μg Cmic g-1 soil dry weight) was estimated by measuring the maximal respiratory response to the addition of glucose solution (4 mg glucose per g soil dry weight dissolved in distilled water; substrate-induced respiration method) on approximately 5.5 g of soil (Anderson \u0026amp; Domsch, 1978). The rest of the composited sample was dried at 65°C for 48 h, ground and sieved (2 mm mesh) to assess a series of soil chemical properties (Risch et al., 2019). We measured the percentage of clay as an indicator of soil texture (Gee \u0026amp; Bauder, 1986; Risch et al., 2019). \nStatistical analyses\nPotential and realized soil net Nmin were square root transformed to account for a highly skewed data distribution (yt = sign(y)*sqrt|y|; negative values in the data set impeded log transformation). To assess treatment effects on potential and realized soil net Nmin, we used linear mixed effects models (LMMs) fitted by maximum likelihood using the lme function from the nlme package (version 3.131.1; Pinheiro et al., 2016), R version 3.6.1; R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Treatment (Control, Fence, NPK, NPK+Fence) was a fixed factor, with site and block as random factors, where block was nested within site. We also tested for effects of time since start of treatments in preliminary analyses by adding total treatment years as an additional fixed factor. We did not find a significant effect of years of treatment, and thus dropped this variable from the models. The LMMs were corrected using varIdent if the homogeneity of variance criterion was not met (Pinheiro et al., 2016). To visualize our results, we calculated treatment effects using Cohens’ d statistic (Cohen, 1977; Koricheva et al., 2013). Note that calculating response ratios (or log response ratios) was not possible with our data, as we have both negative and positive values. We also fitted LMMs for potential and realized soil net ammonification and nitrification to gain more insight into how global change affects the processes underpinning potential and realized soil net Nmin. We also sqrt-transformed (see above) these dependent variables. Treatment was included as a fixed factor with random factors as described above. In addition, we assessed how potential and realized soil net Nmin were related to potential and realized soil net ammonification and nitrification, respectively. For this, we calculated site averages for each treatment separately. We then ran LMMs, with potential and realized soil net Nmin as the dependent variable, potential and realized soil net ammonification/nitrification as the independent ones. Site was included as a random factor. \nBased on our previous work (Risch et al., 2019) and the existing literature (Schimel \u0026amp; Bennett, 2004; Liu et al., 2017), we developed a priori causal conceptual models of relationships among treatments, environmental drivers, and potential and realized soil net Nmin (Supplementary Fig. S2) to test with structural equation modelling (SEM) using a d-sep approach (Shipley, 2009; Lefcheck, 2016). The variables included in the model were long-term climatic conditions, specifically, site-level mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature of the wettest quarter (T.q.wet), plot-level soil texture (clay content) and soil microbial biomass. Mean annual precipitation and T.q.wet were obtained from WorldClim (Hijmans et al., 2005) (http://www.worldclim.org/) and together with the experimental treatments were predicted to directly affect soil properties and soil net Nmin (Supplementary Fig. S2). Soil clay content was, in turn, predicted to affect microbial biomass and soil net Nmin. Because we determined microbial biomass prior to incubating the samples in the laboratory or field, we assumed that the abundance of these microbes would be responsible for N process rates and not vice versa (Supplementary Fig. S2). We tested our conceptual model (Supplementary Fig. S2) using the piecewiseSEM package (version 2.0.2; Lefcheck, 2016) in R 3.4.0, in which a structured set of linear models are fitted individually. This approach allowed us to account for the nested experimental design, and overcome some of the limitations of standard structural equation models, such as small sample sizes (Shipley, 2009; Lefcheck, 2016). We used the lme function of the nlme package to model response variables, including site as a random factor. Good fit of the SEM was assumed when Fisher’s C values were non-significant (p \u0026gt; 0.05). For all significant interactions between covariates and experimental treatments detected in the SEMs, we calculated treatment effect sizes, i.e. the differences in potential or realized soil net Nmin between Control and treatments (Fence, NPK, NPK+Fence) and plotted these values against the climate or soil covariates. Finally, we fitted LMMs for the soil variables included in our SEMs, with treatment as the fixed factor, and with site and block as random factors, where block was nested within site.","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPolygon":[{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":-54.97761367069625,"pointLongitude":-132.1875}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":61.270232790000634,"pointLongitude":-132.1875}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":61.270232790000634,"pointLongitude":158.90625}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":-54.97761367069625,"pointLongitude":158.90625}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":-54.97761367069625,"pointLongitude":-132.1875}}]},{"geoLocationPlace":"Global"}],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"WSL","awardNumber":"two internal competitive WSL grants"},{"funderName":"National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network","awardNumber":"NSF-DEB-1042132"},{"funderName":"Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER)","awardNumber":"NSF-DEB-1234162"},{"funderName":"Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota","awardNumber":"DG-0001-13"}],"url":"https://www.envidat.ch/#/metadata/anthropogenic-change-and-net-n-mineralization","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":5,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":1,"citationCount":2,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2020-08-20T13:49:13Z","registered":"2020-08-20T13:49:14Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-24T23:13:47Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"ethz.wsl","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.16904/envidat.379","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.16904/envidat.379","identifiers":[{"identifier":"https://www.envidat.ch/#/metadata/679bdff7-9fb3-4704-be93-8add5cb206ba","identifierType":"URL"}],"creators":[{"name":"Risch, Anita C.","givenName":"Anita C.","familyName":"Risch","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL","schemeUri":"https://ror.org/","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-8336","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Zimmermann, Stephan","givenName":"Stephan","familyName":"Zimmermann","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL","schemeUri":"https://ror.org/","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-0284","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Schütz, Martin","givenName":"Martin","familyName":"Schütz","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL","schemeUri":"https://ror.org/","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Fay, Philip A.","givenName":"Philip A.","familyName":"Fay","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, 76502, USA"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Borer, Elizabeth T.","givenName":"Elizabeth T.","familyName":"Borer","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-5853","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Broadbent, Arthur A. 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D.","familyName":"Broadbent","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-7163","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Caldeira, Maria C.","givenName":"Maria C.","familyName":"Caldeira","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Davies, Kendi F.","givenName":"Kendi F.","familyName":"Davies","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7716-3359","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Eisenhauer, Nico","givenName":"Nico","familyName":"Eisenhauer","affiliation":[{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6720","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Eskelinen, Anu","givenName":"Anu","familyName":"Eskelinen","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Finland"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-5263","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Hagedorn, Frank","givenName":"Frank","familyName":"Hagedorn","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL","schemeUri":"https://ror.org/","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5218-7776","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Knops, Johannes M. H.","givenName":"Johannes M. H.","familyName":"Knops","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health \u0026 Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Lembrechts, Jonas J.","givenName":"Jonas J.","familyName":"Lembrechts","affiliation":[{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), University of Antwerp, Belgium"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"MacDougall, Andrew S.","givenName":"Andrew S.","familyName":"MacDougall","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"McCulley, Rebecca L.","givenName":"Rebecca L.","familyName":"McCulley","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312 USA"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-0599","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Melbourne, Brett A.","givenName":"Brett A.","familyName":"Melbourne","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Moore, Joslin L.","givenName":"Joslin L.","familyName":"Moore","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus VIC 3800, Australia"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9809-5092","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Power, Sally A.","givenName":"Sally A.","familyName":"Power","affiliation":[{"name":"Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751 Australia"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-8671","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Seabloom, Eric W.","givenName":"Eric W.","familyName":"Seabloom","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-9259","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Silveira, Maria L.","givenName":"Maria L.","familyName":"Silveira","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Range Cattle Research and Education Center. 3401 Experiment Station. Ona, FL, USA. 33865"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-3156","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Virtanen, Risto","givenName":"Risto","familyName":"Virtanen","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-8217","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Yahdjian, Laura","givenName":"Laura","familyName":"Yahdjian","affiliation":[{"name":"IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-1221","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Ochoa-Hueso, Raul","givenName":"Raul","familyName":"Ochoa-Hueso","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Árabe s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands"}],"publisher":"EnviDat","container":{},"publicationYear":2023,"subjects":[{"lang":"en","subject":"ANTHROPOGENIC MANAGEMENT"},{"lang":"en","subject":"CLIMATE"},{"lang":"en","subject":"HERBIVORE EXCLUSION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON"},{"lang":"en","subject":"MICROBIAL RESPIRATION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"NUTRIENT ADDITION"},{"lang":"en","subject":"SOIL PROPERTIES"}],"contributors":[{"name":"Risch, Anita C","givenName":"Anita C","familyName":"Risch","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL","schemeUri":"https://ror.org/","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04bs5yc70","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Plant-Animal Interactions","nameType":"Organizational","affiliation":[],"contributorType":"ResearchGroup","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2015-04-01/2016-12-31","dateType":"Collected"},{"date":"2023","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsRequiredBy","relatedIdentifier":"https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/679bdff7-9fb3-4704-be93-8add5cb206ba/resource/1d2ce620-f7d6-4408-bf61-df123c0936e0/download/risch-et-al.-geb_data.xls","relatedIdentifierType":"URL"}],"relatedItems":[{"titles":[{"title":"Risch et al. GEB_data.xlsx"}],"creators":[],"contributors":[],"relationType":"References","relatedItemType":"Other","relatedItemIdentifier":{"relatedItemIdentifier":"https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/679bdff7-9fb3-4704-be93-8add5cb206ba/resource/1d2ce620-f7d6-4408-bf61-df123c0936e0/download/risch-et-al.-geb_data.xls","relatedItemIdentifierType":"URL"}}],"sizes":["110080 bytes"],"formats":["application/vnd.ms-excel"],"version":"1.0","rightsList":[{"lang":"en","rights":"ODC Open Database License v1.0","rightsUri":"http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"odbl-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","description":"This dataset contains all data on which the following publication below is based.\nPaper Citation:\nRisch Anita C., Zimmermann, Stefan, Schütz, Martin, Borer, Elizabeth T., Broadbent, Arthur A.D., Caldeira, Maria C., Davies, Kendi F., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Hagedorn, Frank, Knops, Johannes M.H., Lembrechts, Jonas, J., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett A., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Seabloom, Eric W., Silveira, Maria L., Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Ochoa-Hueso, Raul (accepted). Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands. Global Ecology and Biogeography\nPlease cite this paper together with the citation for the datafile.\nThe microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ; mg CO2-C mg MBC-1 h-1), defined as the amount of microbial CO2 respired (MR; mg CO2-C kg soil-1 h-1) per unit of microbial biomass C (MBC; mg C kg soil-1), is a key parameter for understanding the microbial regulation of the carbon (C) cycle, including soil C sequestration. Here, we experimentally tested hypotheses about the individual and interactive effects of multiple nutrient addition (NPK+micronutrients) and herbivore exclusion on MR, MBC, and MMQ across 23 sites (5 continents). Our sites encompassed a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions, thus we assessed which edaphoclimatic variables affected MMQ the most and how they interacted with our treatments. Soils were collected in plots with established experimental treatments. MR was assessed in a five-week laboratory incubation without glucose addition, MBC via substrate-induced respiration. MMQ was calculated as MR/MBC and corrected for soil temperatures (MMQsoil). Using LMMs and SEMs, we analysed how edaphoclimatic characteristics and treatments interactively affected MMQsoil. MMQsoil was higher in locations with higher mean annual temperature, lower water holding capacity, and soil organic C concentration, but did not respond to our treatments across sites as neither MR nor MBC changed. We attributed this relative homeostasis to our treatments to the modulating influence of edaphoclimatic variables. For example, herbivore exclusion, regardless of fertilization, led to greater MMQsoil only at sites with lower soil organic C (-1.7%). Our results pinpoint the main variables related to MMQsoil across grasslands and emphasize the importance of the local edaphoclimatic conditions in controlling the response of the C cycle to anthropogenic stressors. By testing hypotheses about MMQsoil across global edaphoclimatic gradients, this work also helps to align the conflicting results of prior studies.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":"en","description":"Resource Title: Risch et al. GEB_data.xlsx\n Size: 110080 bytes\n Format: application/vnd.ms-excel\n URL: https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/679bdff7-9fb3-4704-be93-8add5cb206ba/resource/1d2ce620-f7d6-4408-bf61-df123c0936e0/download/risch-et-al.-geb_data.xls\n Description: Study sites and experimental design\nWe collected data from 23 sites that are part of the Nutrient Network Global Research Cooperative (NutNet, https://nutnet.umn.edu/). The mean annual air temperature (MAT) across these sites ranged from -4 to 22°C, mean annual precipitation (MAP) from 252 to 1592 mm, and elevations from 6 to 4261 m above sea level (Fig 1a, Supplementary Table S1), hence cover a wide range of climatic conditions under which grasslands occur (Fig 1b). Soil organic C concentrations ranged between 0.8 to 7.8%, soil total N concentrations between 0.1 and 0.6%, and the soil C:N ratio between 9.1 and 21.5. Soil clay content spanned from 3.0 to 35%, and soil pH from 3.4 to 7.6 (Supplementary Table S2). \nAt each site, the effects of nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion were tested via a randomized-block design (Borer et al., 2014). Three blocks with 10 treatment plots each were established at each site, except for the site at bldr.us (only two blocks). Each of these 10 plots was randomly assigned to a nutrient or fencing treatment. An individual plot was 5 x 5 m, divided into four 2.5 x 2.5 m subplots. Each subplot was further divided into four 1 x 1 m square sampling plots, one of which was set aside for soil sampling (Borer et al., 2014). Plots were separated by at least 1 m wide walkways. We collected soil samples from four different treatments for this study: (i) untreated control plots (Control), (ii) herbivore exclusion plots (Fence), (iii) plots fertilized with N, P, K, plus nine essential macro and micronutrients (NPK), and (iv) plots with simultaneous fertilizer addition and herbivore exclusion (NPK+Fence). The experiments were established at different times in the past, with years of treatment different among sites (2 – 9 years since start of treatment; Supplementary Table S1). For the nutrient additions, all sites applied 10 g N m-2 each year as time-release urea; 10 g P m-2 yr-1 as triple-super phosphate; 10 g K m-2 yr-1 as potassium sulfate. A micro-nutrient mix (Fe, S, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Ca) was applied at 100 g m-2 together with K in the first year of treatments but not thereafter. \nWe excluded large vertebrate herbivores (Fence) by fencing two plots, one with and one without NPK additions, within each block. The fences excluded all aboveground mammalian herbivores with a body mass of over 50 g (Borer et al., 2014). At most sites, the fences were 180 cm high, and the fence contained a wire mesh (1 cm holes) for the bottom 90 cm with a 30 cm outward-facing flange stapled to the ground to exclude burrowing animals. Climbing and subterranean animals may potentially still access these plots (Borer et al., 2014). For slight modifications in fence design at a few sites see Supplementary Table S3. Most sites only had wild herbivores, although four sites were also grazed by domestic animals (Supplementary Table S1).\n\nCollection of soil samples, soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass, and other soil properties\nEach of the 23 sites received a package containing identical material from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Switzerland to be used for sampling (Risch et al., 2015; Risch et al., 2019). We collected two soil cores of 5 cm diameter and 12 cm depth in each sampling plot and composited them to measure MR, MBC, and soil chemical properties (see below). An additional sample (5 x 12 cm) was collected to assess soil physical properties. This sample remained within a steel sampling core after collection and both ends were tightly closed with plastic caps to avoid disturbance. All soils were shipped cooled to the laboratory at (Location will be disclosed after manuscript acceptance) within a few days after collection. Soils were sampled roughly 6 weeks prior to peak biomass at each site during 2015 and 2016.\nTo assess MR (CO2 production) in a laboratory incubation experiment we weighed duplicate soil samples (8 g dry soil equivalent) into 50-ml Falcon tubes. No additional substrate (glucose, sugar) was added to these samples. We adjusted the soil moisture of each sample to 60% field capacity. We then placed a 15 ml plastic test tube (Semadeni 1701A) containing 7.25 ml 0.05 M NaOH over each soil sample. The test tube was fixed with a plastic rod so that it was not in contact with the soil sample. The Falcon tubes were then sealed with a screw cap and placed in an incubator under completely dark conditions at 20°C. The CO2 produced by microbial respiration was absorbed by the 0.05 M NaOH. For five weeks we measured the decrease in conductivity within the 0.05 M NaOH solution on a weekly basis with a Multimeter WTW Multi 3410 (WTW GmbH, Germany) and replaced the 0.05 M NaOH with fresh solution. We included Falcon tubes without soil samples in each incubation run as blanks to test if tubes were tight and no CO2 could enter or escape. We calibrated the relationship between conductivity reduction and NaOH absorbed as follows: 400 ml 0.05 M NaOH was placed in a beaker and its conductivity was measured with the multimeter. While stirring, air containing CO2 was blown into the solution for approximately one minute, which reacts with NaOH to form Na2CO3. After this process, conductivity was measured again. We then transferred 7.25 ml of the solution into a smaller beaker and added 1 ml of 0.1 M BaCl2 to precipitate Na2CO3 and then titrated the solution with 0.05 M HCl to determine the remaining NaOH. We then repeated these steps with the remaining solution a total of nine times and plotted the conductivities (y-axis) against the NaOH consumed (x-axis, Supplementary Fig S1). This regression line was used to infer the consumption of NaOH from the conductivity reduction in the incubation experiments and to calculate CO2 evolution during incubation. In addition, we determined the optimum concentration for the NaOH solution in series of preliminary experiments, so that the concentration was not too high to become insensitive, but also not too low so that not all NaOH reacts during incubation. We then calculated MR (mg CO2-C kg dry soil-1 h-1) as total amount of CO2 released over the 5 weeks divided by the duration of the entire incubation in hrs.\nSoil microbial biomass carbon (MBC; mg C kg soil-1 ) was measured at the beginning of the experiment by measuring the maximal respiratory response to the addition of glucose solution (4 mg glucose per g soil dry weight dissolved in distilled water; substrate-induced respiration method) on approximately 5.5 g of soil (J. P. E. Anderson \u0026amp; Domsch, 1978; Nico Eisenhauer et al., 2018; Scheu, 1992). For this purpose we used an O2-micro-compensation apparatus (Scheu, 1992). More specifically, substrate-induced respiration was calculated from the respiratory response to D-glucose for 10 hr at 20°C. Glucose was added according to preliminary studies to saturate the catabolic enzymes of microorganisms (4 mg g soil-1 dissolved in 400 ml deionized water). The mean of the lowest three readings within the first 10 hrs (between the initial peak caused by disturbing the soil and the peak caused by microbial growth) was taken as maximum initial respiratory response (MIRR; ml O2 kg soil-1 h-1) and microbial biomass (mg C kg soil-1) was calculated as 38 x MIRR (Beck et al., 1997; Cesarz et al., 2022; Thakur et al., 2015).\nThe rest of the composited sample was dried at 65°C for 48 h, ground and sieved (2 mm mesh) to assess the soil pH, mineral soil total C and N and C:N ratio, and mineral soil organic C (Risch et al., 2019). The undisturbed sample was used to assess water holding capacity (WHC), bulk density (BD), and soil texture [sand, silt, clay; methods in (Risch et al., 2019)]. We used the percentage of sand and clay as an indicator of soil texture in this study. MAT (°C), MAP (mm) and temperature of the wettest quarter (°C) were obtained from www.worldclim.com (Fick \u0026amp; Hijmans, 2017; Hijmans, Cameron, Parra, Jones, \u0026amp; Jarvis, 2005). These variables were selected as they were found to be drivers of soil nutrient processes across these sites in earlier studies (Risch et al., 2020; Risch et al., 2019). Mean annual soil temperatures (MAST; °C) for the 0 to 5 cm soil layer were obtained for each site from the SoilTemp maps (J. Lembrechts et al., 2021; J. J. Lembrechts et al., 2022), global gridded modelled products of soil bioclimatic variables for the 1979-2013 period at a 1-km² resolution, based on CHELSA, ERA5 and in-situ soil temperature measurements.\nNumerical calculations and statistical analyses\nWe calculated MMQ as MR/MBC. We corrected this measure using the average soil temperature of each site (MMQsoil). This temperature correction is necessary as incubation temperatures are usually much higher than site mean annual soil temperatures (see Xu et al. 2017). MMQsoil = MMQ x Q10(MAST – 20)/10, where Q10 was assumed to be 2 (Xu et al. 2017). See Supplementary Fig S2 for comparison of air and soil temperatures across the 23 sites as well as the incubation temperature. \nSome of the explanatory variables (clay, soil organic C, C:N ratio) were skewed and were thus log-transformed prior to analyses. All continuous explanatory variables were centred and scaled to have a mean of zero and variance of one. To avoid collinearity between them we filtered them using correlation analysis (Supplementary Fig S3). From the variables that were strongly correlated (Pearson’s |r| \u0026gt; 0.70) (Dormann et al., 2013), we selected the ones that allowed us to minimize the number of variables (Supplementary Fig S3). Specifically, soil total N concentration, soil total C concentration, soil sand content and soil bulk density were dropped from the dataset. We then assessed how these edaphoclimatic variables are related to MMQ across our global grasslands.\nFor this, we used linear mixed effects models (LMMs) fitted by maximum likelihood with the lme function in the nlme package (version 3.1-153) (Pinheiro, Bates, DebRoy, \u0026amp; Sarkar, 2021) in R version 3.6.3. (R Core Team, 2019). We used treatment as a fixed effect and plot nested in site as random effects to assess treatment differences in MMQsoil, as well as MR, and MBC. The number of years since the treatment started was included as a fixed effect in all the initial models but was not significant and therefore not retained in the models. To assess how differences in MMQsoil were affected by environmental factors (soil, climatic properties) we again used LMMs. Soil and climatic properties were included as fixed effects and plot nested in site as random effects. We did not include interactions between environmental variables. We then used the MuMin package (Barton, 2018) (version 1.42.1) to select the best models that explained the most variation based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC; model.avg function). We used the corrected AIC (AICc) to account for our small sample size and selected the top models that fell within 4 AICc units (delta AICc \u0026lt; 4) (Burnham \u0026amp; Anderson, 2002; Johnson \u0026amp; Omland, 2004). We present all our top models rather than model averages. Conditional averages are provided in the Supplementary material. \nBased on findings from analyses described above and the literature, we developed a conceptual model of direct and indirect relationships between both edaphoclimatic variables and experimental treatments (Supplement Figure S4) to obtain a more holistic approach in understanding how these properties affect MMQsoil. We had data from 23 sites with 272 observations. We tested this model using structural equation modelling based on a d-sep approach (Lefcheck, 2016; Shipley, 2009). We considered those environmental drivers that were included in our top LMMs, namely temperature of the wettest quarter (T.q.wet), soil pH, water holding capacity (WHC) and soil organic C (organic C; Supplementary Figure S4). These factors were allowed to directly affect MMQsoil, and via their interactions with treatments. In addition, treatments were allowed to directly affect MMQsoil. Treatments were included as dummy variables in the model. We tested our conceptual model (Supplementary Fig S4) using the piecewiseSEM package (version 2.0.2; Lefcheck, 2016) in R 3.4.0, in which a structured set of linear models are fitted individually. This approach allowed us to account for the nested experimental design, and overcome some of the limitations of standard structural equation models, such as small sample sizes (Lefcheck, 2016; Shipley, 2009). We used the lme function of the nlme package to model response variables, including site as a random factor. Good fit of the SEM was assumed when Fisher’s C values were non-significant (p \u0026gt; 0.05). For all significant interactions between soil or climate variables and treatments detected in the SEMs, we calculated treatment effect sizes, i.e., the differences in MMQsoil between Control and treatments as log response ratios (LRR) and plotted these values against the climate or soil factors. The LRR were defined as log(Control/Treatment), where treatment was either Fence, NPK or NPK+Fence. To assess which of the LRR-climate or soil property relationships were significant we again used LMMs, in which soil and climatic properties were included as fixed effects and plot nested in site as random effects.","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPolygon":[{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":-25.630963807817977,"pointLongitude":-148.359375}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":65.44487086804034,"pointLongitude":-148.359375}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":65.44487086804034,"pointLongitude":144.140625}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":-25.630963807817977,"pointLongitude":144.140625}},{"polygonPoint":{"pointLatitude":-25.630963807817977,"pointLongitude":-148.359375}}]},{"geoLocationPlace":"worldwide"}],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"WSL internal competitive grant"},{"funderName":"National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network","awardNumber":"NSF-DEB-1042132"},{"funderName":"Long Term Ecological Research","awardNumber":"NSF-DEB-1234162 to Cedar Creek LTER"},{"funderName":"Institute on the Environment","awardNumber":"DG-0001-13"},{"funderName":"CEF, a research unit funded by FCT, Portugal","awardNumber":"UID/AGR/00239/2019"},{"funderName":"German Research Foundation","awardNumber":"FZT 118, 202548816"}],"url":"https://www.envidat.ch/#/metadata/drivers-of-the-microbial-metabolic-quotient-across-global-grasslands","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":5,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2023-02-21T07:29:38Z","registered":"2023-02-21T07:29:38Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-24T23:11:35Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"ethz.wsl","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.18131/mex83-1c675","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.18131/mex83-1c675","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Xi, Wenna","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Wenna","familyName":"Xi","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Nunes, Denise A.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Denise A.","familyName":"Nunes","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wang, Xiafei","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Xiafei","familyName":"Wang","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wi, Dahee","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Dahee","familyName":"Wi","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Li, Xinbo","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Xinbo","familyName":"Li","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Schellenberg, Luke","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Luke","familyName":"Schellenberg","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Mental health and substance use disorders and care in individuals with sickle cell disease or trait: A scoping review protocol"}],"publisher":"Prism. Galter Health Sciences Library. Northwestern University","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","subjectScheme":"MeSH"},{"subject":"Sickle Cell Trait","subjectScheme":"MeSH"},{"subject":"Mental Health","subjectScheme":"MeSH"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2026-04-28","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-04-28","dateType":"Submitted"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Protocol","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"HasVersion","relatedIdentifier":"10.18131/mz4eh-6e719","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"eng","description":"Background: As a genetic disorder associated with multiple chronic medical comorbidities, individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) or sickle cell trait (SCT) are reported to have negative mental health outcomes. The different genetic variations of SCD/SCT are associated with various rates and onset of medical comorbidities, which may lead to different rates or severity of comorbid mental health conditions. \n\nObjective: The goal of this scoping review is to elucidate the association between SCD/SCT and mental health conditions, the underlying mechanisms, and existing mental health care management strategies for individuals with SCD/SCT.\n\nMethods: This scoping review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) published in 2018.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://prism.northwestern.edu/doi/10.18131/mex83-1c675","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":1,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-04-28T16:40:26Z","registered":"2026-04-28T16:40:26Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-22T18:33:12Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"ghsl.galter","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.18131/mz4eh-6e719","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.18131/mz4eh-6e719","identifiers":[{"identifier":"oai:prism.northwestern.edu:mz4eh-6e719","identifierType":"oai"}],"creators":[{"name":"Xi, Wenna","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Wenna","familyName":"Xi","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Nunes, Denise A.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Denise A.","familyName":"Nunes","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wang, Xiafei","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Xiafei","familyName":"Wang","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wi, Dahee","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Dahee","familyName":"Wi","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Li, Xinbo","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Xinbo","familyName":"Li","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Schellenberg, Luke","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Luke","familyName":"Schellenberg","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Mental health and substance use disorders and care in individuals with sickle cell disease or trait: A scoping review protocol"}],"publisher":"Prism. Galter Health Sciences Library. Northwestern University","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","subjectScheme":"MeSH"},{"subject":"Sickle Cell Trait","subjectScheme":"MeSH"},{"subject":"Mental Health","subjectScheme":"MeSH"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2026-04-28","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-04-28","dateType":"Submitted"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Protocol","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsVersionOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.18131/mex83-1c675","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"eng","description":"Background: As a genetic disorder associated with multiple chronic medical comorbidities, individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) or sickle cell trait (SCT) are reported to have negative mental health outcomes. The different genetic variations of SCD/SCT are associated with various rates and onset of medical comorbidities, which may lead to different rates or severity of comorbid mental health conditions. \n\nObjective: The goal of this scoping review is to elucidate the association between SCD/SCT and mental health conditions, the underlying mechanisms, and existing mental health care management strategies for individuals with SCD/SCT.\n\nMethods: This scoping review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) published in 2018.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://prism.northwestern.edu/doi/10.18131/mz4eh-6e719","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":1,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-04-28T16:40:26Z","registered":"2026-04-28T16:40:26Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-22T18:33:12Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"ghsl.galter","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.300","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.300","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Hyde, Emma E.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Emma E.","familyName":"Hyde","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF EQUID ALPHAHERPESVIRUSES IN EQUINE FACILITIES USING AIR SAMPLING","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Veterinary sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"4.3"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 and 4 (EHV-1/-4) circulate at equestrian facilities, contributing to outbreaks. Due to the complexities of the pathogen, including the limited predictability of reactivation from latency and the effects associated with secondary sites of viral replication, abortion, and neurologic disease, EHV infections are of utmost concern to the equine industry. Recent studies have highlighted the prevalence of the viruses in stabling areas at competitions, though little is known about this phenomenon in other high-traffic equine environments. This thesis presents two studies using air sampling surveillance methods to further explore the viral detection in other equine environments (veterinary facility and racetrack settings) including brief seasonal comparisons in viral shedding and mean genomic copies between experimental infection and field samples collected from facilities with no reported clinical cases. Results showed high frequency of low abundance in viral detection with 26/48 air samples positive for EHV-1 and 24/48 air samples positive for EHV-4 across both studies, suggesting that reactivation from latency and subsequent circulation may be more common than previously thought. Moreover, the substantial difference in the mean genomic copy numbers detected in air between the field study at the racetrack and a controlled EHV-1 infection study (10-fold increase) suggests the difference in airborne detection in the presence of high shedding, clinical cases versus what is detected in environments with no known active cases. Together, these studies will advance our knowledge of the disease, emphasizing the importance of early detection of the virus and the role of surveillance in mitigating the impact of EHV-1 and EHV-4 on the equine industry.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Emma E. Hyde","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"International Equestrian Federation","awardNumber":"2023-01180922","funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Summer Research Grant","funderName":"Lincoln Memorial University","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100019232","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/78/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-21T14:07:45Z","registered":"2026-05-21T14:07:46Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-21T14:07:46Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.249","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.249","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Li, Kai","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Kai","familyName":"Li","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4426-0837","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"Technical Progression in Mammalian Genome Assembly","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"From Reference Refinement to Haplotype-Resolved Telomere-to-Telomere Reconstruction","titleType":"Subtitle"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Veterinary sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"4.3"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Long read sequencing and modern assembly algorithms have substantially advanced mammalian genome reconstruction yet repeat rich regions and complex structural variation remain difficult to resolve. This dissertation documents a progression in genome assembly strategies from reference refinement to haplotype-resolved and telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reconstruction. I first contributed to the development of the rat reference assembly GRCr8, integrating PacBio HiFi sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, and targeted curation. The resulting 2.85 Gb assembly achieved 98.7% chromosomal assignment, a scaffold N50 of 137 Mb, and a Merqury QV of 59.5. Next, haplotype-resolved T2T assemblies were generated for horse and donkey derived from a mule using trio-binning and long-read sequencing, improving BUSCO completeness and achieving phased chromosome-scale assemblies with a Merqury score of 52.5. Finally, integration of PacBio HiFi, ultra-long Oxford Nanopore reads, and Hi-C scaffolding enabled T2T reconstruction of the rat genome (SHRSP), achieving an overall QV of 65.0 and 15 of 22 chromosomes assembled gaplessly. Multiple high-quality rat assemblies further supported construction of a graph-based pangenome and systematic analysis of strain-specific structural variation. Together, these studies demonstrate stepwise gains in genome continuity, accuracy, and structural resolution enabled by long-read and haplotype-aware assembly strategies.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Kai Li","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Grant","funderName":"National Institutes of Health","awardNumber":"1R01 HG011252-01A1","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100000002","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/77/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T16:34:20Z","registered":"2026-05-20T16:34:20Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T16:34:20Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.247b","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.247b","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Ochoa, Rebeca Ponce","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Rebeca Ponce","familyName":"Ochoa","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"UNA LIMA MULTICULTURAL","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"LA CULTURA MATERIAL DE LAS MUJERES AFROPERUANAS DURANTE LOS SIGLOS XVI Y XVII","titleType":"Subtitle"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: History and archaeology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"6.1"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Uno de los valores más importantes de una sociedad es la cultura adquirida a través del conocimiento, de la tradición y de la historia donde el intercambio de experiencias en la ciudad limeña hizo posible la construcción de una cultura material. Los documentos producidos, adaptados y aceptados a un determinado contexto social refuerzan la identidad, la cultura y la memoria de una colectividad.\n\nPor ello, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los autos de fe y los testamentos de mujeres afroperuanas en los siglos XVI y XVII como parte del material cultural que ayudan a pensar y reconstruir el pasado. La vestimenta, la posesión de esclavos, de bienes o las reliquias religiosas modelaron una nueva identidad afroperuana que modificó las dinámicas de poder, de género y raza. El objetivo es rescatar lo material en lo textual para examinar la vida de estas mujeres, cómo adaptaron los cambios culturales a sus propias creencias y cómo a través de su cuerpo y voz reclamaron su estatus en el Perú colonial.\n\nPor tanto, la cultura material se conforma de los elementos que ayudaron a estas mujeres a crear una nueva identidad y agencia femenina en la sociedad colonial rompiendo la idea de subordinación y abriendo un espacio de libertad que les permitió avanzar social y económicamente. De esta forma, las mujeres afroperuanas modificaron los elementos culturales introducidos por la sociedad colonial, adaptándolos de acuerdo con sus creencias y necesidades lo que resultó en una transformación sociocultural que aporta una nueva perspectiva dentro de los estudios coloniales.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Rebeca Ponce Ochoa","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/72/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T16:31:36Z","registered":"2026-05-20T16:31:37Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T16:31:37Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.05","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.05","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Melissa Peters","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Melissa Peters","familyName":null,"affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2082-947X","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"BURNOUT AND MINDFUL SELF-CARE PRACTICES AMONG BIPOC WOMEN MUSIC THERAPISTS","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY","titleType":"Subtitle"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Psychology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"5.1"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Music therapy as a profession has long acknowledged burnout as a significant occupational concern, yet the experiences of marginalized therapists remain understudied. In particular, little research has explored how burnout and self-care manifest for those who identify as Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) women in a field historically dominated by white women. Most of the existing literature on this topic is focused on the majority identity of music therapists, white women. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the reported levels of burnout among BIPOC women music therapists as well as their reported frequency of engagement in self-care strategies and the relationships between the two. I sent a survey to the certification board of music therapy email list. The survey was composed of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Brief-Mindful Self-Care Scale (B-MSCS). The survey was completed by 59 participants, all of whom identified as BIPOC women therapists, from various racial/ethnic identities, work settings, and regions. The results indicated moderate to high levels of burnout. Participants reported engaging most frequently in the self-care domain of supportive relationships, with moderate engagement in the self-care domains of supportive structure, self-compassion and purpose. The lowest engagement was seen in the self-care domains of mindful relaxation, physical care, and mindful awareness. Burnout and depersonalization both showed a negative correlation with mindful relaxation practices, self-compassion, purpose, supportive relationships, supportive structure, and mindful awareness but showed a positive correlation to physical care. Burnout showed a statistically significant negative correlation with mindful awareness. Depersonalization showed a statistically significant negative correlation with supportive structure and mindful awareness. Personal achievement showed a positive correlation with all dimensions of the B-MSCS but had a statistically significant positive correlation with self-compassion and purpose, supportive relationships, supportive structure, and mindful awareness. Personal achievement showed the most statistically significant correlations with the dimensions of the B-MSCS while Burnout showed the least. This study is important because it fills some of the gaps in the literature when discussing burnout among music therapists and how differences in gender and racial/ethnic identity can influence the overall effectiveness of self-care strategies to combat burnout.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Melissa V. Peters","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"UNITE Research Priority Area","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"University of Kentucky School of Music","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/301/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T16:16:07Z","registered":"2026-05-20T16:16:08Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T16:16:08Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.03","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.03","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Kane, Caroline","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Caroline","familyName":"Kane","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4055-9427","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MANAGING HONEY BEE VIRAL PATHOGEN","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"1.6"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"This study evaluated the impact of nutritional supplements on viral infections in honey bee colonies, focusing on Lake Sinai Virus 2 (LSV2), Deformed Wing Virus A (DWVA), and Deformed Wing Virus B (DWVB). I partnered with 32 hobbyist beekeepers across Kentucky, who volunteered 138 colonies for a month-long field study. Half of the colonies received weekly commercial supplements, while the other half served as controls. Viral titers were measured before and after the supplementation period using qPCR. Supplements did not significantly reduce viral titers for any of the three viruses, suggesting that short-term supplementation may not be effective in lowering infection levels. However, variation between months and among beekeepers with different management practices underscores the importance of accounting for seasonal and individual management factors. This report offers a starting point for understanding how hobbyist beekeeper colony management practices intersect with viral dynamics and highlights the need for longer-term studies to inform practical disease management strategies.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Caroline Wylie Kane","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"Kentucky Agricultural Development Fund","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"National Science Foundation","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/101/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T15:53:35Z","registered":"2026-05-20T15:53:35Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T15:53:35Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.250b","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.250b","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Eertink, Lianne","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Lianne","familyName":"Eertink","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2255-6366","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"EQUINE ROTAVIRUS A","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"INVESTIGATION INTO IMMUNE RESPONSES TO VACCINATION, AND GENETIC DIVERSITY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR ROTAVIRUS A OUTBREAKS IN HORSES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Veterinary sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"4.3"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Despite a monovalent G3P[12] (‘G3’) vaccine being available for horses, equine rotavirus A (ERVA) is still the predominant infectious pathogen causing diarrhea in foals in the United States of America (U.S.). ERVA is classified into G genotypes based on the VP7 protein and P genotypes based on the VP4 protein. Two genotypes of ERVA, G3 and G14P[12] (‘G14’) are currently circulating in U.S. horses. Mares are immunized at 8, 9, and 10 months of gestation with the G3 vaccine and maternal antibodies are passively transferred to foals through colostrum. Outbreaks in foals from unvaccinated mares can be observed as early as 12 hours of age, while outbreaks in foals from vaccinated mares predominantly occur at later ages.\n\nThe first aim of our study was to determine how long virus neutralizing maternal antibodies from ERVA vaccinated dams persist in foals. For this aim, clinical samples including serum, milk, colostrum, and fecal swab samples were collected from 50 mare-foal pairs. Serum, colostrum, and milk samples were quantitatively tested for protective antibodies using a cell-based virus neutralization assay for both G3 and G14 viruses, while fecal swabs were analyzed by RT-qPCR for detection of ERVA genome. The absence of virus neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in foal pre-nursing samples and the presence thereof after nursing confirmed that these NAbs are transferred through the colostrum. We also found that there is variation in the ratio of NAbs transferred between mares and their foals. Furthermore, results of our studies demonstrated a substantial cross-reactivity between G3 and G14 viruses in horses in that NAb titers against the G14 virus are approximately 2-4-fold lower than those against the homologous G3 virus. Both G3 and G14 NAb titers decreased steadily over time in foals with the lowest titers measured at approximately 4 months of age which is in line with when ERVA infections are observed in foals from vaccinated dams.\n\nThe second aim of our work was to determine if it is possible to increase NAb titers in foals through vaccination before they are vulnerable to ERVA infection. We immunized two foals with the commercially available vaccine (G3) at solely three months of age, seven foals at both two and three months of age, and two mock foals were vaccinated with saline buffer. The dams of these foals were not vaccinated during their gestation period. All pre-vaccination G3 and G14 NAb titers in this foal cohort were 256 or lower. Following vaccination, NAb titers in foals were increased up to 1024 against G3 and 512 against G14 viruses, respectively. Interestingly, NAb titers were stabilized in immunized foals, which contrasts with unvaccinated foals showing a rapid decline in NAb titers over time.\n\nIn the third aim of this project, we proposed to characterize the genetic diversity of current circulating genotypes in U.S. horses and determine whether the identified viruses behave different from each other in in vitro replication and antigenic property. A multidisciplinary approach including virus isolation, sequencing, genetic analysis, and antigenic characterization was utilized. Among 160 ERVA positive samples collected from 22 states, genotype-specific RT-PCR analysis showed 96 samples were positive for solely G3, 11 samples for G14, 52 samples for both G3 and G14, and 1 uncharacterized ERVA was identified. Thirty-three positive samples were sequenced using Illumina© MiSeq platform. Based on whole genome analysis, twenty unique viruses were identified. Based on amino acid sequences thirteen viruses were unique in genomic segment 4 (VP4) and 7 in segment 9 (VP7). Furthermore, extensive reassortment was detected among these viruses, indicating that co-infection of homologous and heterologous genotypes (G3 and G14) is common in horses, leading to the generation of new strains. Genetically different viruses were antigenically characterized using rabbit and equine sera. Despite no major antigenic differences observed between strains within the same genotype, rabbit serum, but not equine serum, distinguished the antigenic drift between G3 and G14 genotypes. Finally, experiments showed a genotype-dependent difference in replication kinetics with G14 viruses appearing to replicate slower than G3 viruses. This work revealed a novel host species-specific immunity against ERVA, which will be important for future rotavirus vaccine research.\n\nOverall, these studies show that ERVA maternal antibodies decrease over time in foals which is in line with when most infections in foals from vaccinated dams are observed in the field study. NAbs generated in response to the G3 vaccine were cross-protective against G14, indicating that the current vaccine may sufficiently protect horses from both genotypes. Furthermore, it was shown that vaccination of foals is possible, however, the timepoint of vaccination and the pre-vaccination ERVA NAb titer is of influence on the immune response to vaccine antigens. Lastly, no isolates were identified that are antigenically different from each other within the G3 and within the G14 genotypes. However, viruses with different replication fitness were identified, indicating the potential emergence of evolutionary advanced rotaviruses with altered transmissibility in horses.\n\nDespite the research presented in this dissertation that can offer novel insights to infection landscape of ERVA and vaccine-mediated protection in U.S. horses, challenge experiments involving vaccinated horses will shed light on the exact ERVA NAb titers needed to protect foals from infection and clinical disease. Furthermore, continued surveillance and isolation of future field strains from severely ill or diseased foals are important for the rapid identification of antigenically drifted strains so proper control and vaccination strategies can be implemented to protect foal health and mitigate economic losses to the equine industry. The development of a reverse genetic system would be useful for elucidating the impact of genetic mutations on viral antigenic property and determining the correlations of antibody-mediated protection.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Lianne G. Eertink","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Maxwell and Muriel Gluck Fellowship","funderName":"University of Kentucky Department of Veterinary Science","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"William Robert Mills Endowed Chair Fund","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"Zoetis","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100012895","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","awardNumber":"2025-67016-44998","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100005825","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/76/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T15:44:55Z","registered":"2026-05-20T15:44:56Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T15:44:56Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.245","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.245","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Todd-Voyten, Jeffrey","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Jeffrey","familyName":"Todd-Voyten","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0775-0066","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"Implementations of Improvisation and Existing Materials in Electroacoustic Composition","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"6.4"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"I have developed my compositional process through the use of sound synthesis, existing materials, and improvisation. When combining these techniques and resources, human gestures can emerge from inhuman materials in a dialogue between machines and humans. This thesis is an overview of my initial inquiries into the continuum of human agency and machine intervention, considering aspects of patch-programming, formal structure, and performance practice. In addition to the aforementioned compositional methods, this thesis also considers musico-dramatic meaning and personal musical influences outside the scope of electroacoustic music.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Jeffrey Todd-Voyten","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/300/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T15:35:32Z","registered":"2026-05-20T15:35:32Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T15:35:32Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.246b","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.246b","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Thiranya Abeyrathne, Dilni","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Dilni","familyName":"Thiranya Abeyrathne","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5477-6889","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"MUSINGS OF THE HOME GARDEN","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"CONTRIBUTIONS OF SMALL-SCALE AGRICULTURE TO INFORMAL ECONOMIES AND RELATIONAL ECOLOGIES IN SELECT RURAL AND SEMI-RURAL VILLAGES IN KANDY, SRI LANKA","titleType":"Subtitle"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Social and economic geography","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"5.7"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Sri Lanka’s 2020 economic crisis has led to concerns regarding the state’s capacity to support localities through precarity in relation to food production and everyday living. This study examines this aspect of crisis through an exploration of home gardens in Kandy, Sri Lanka and their capacity to mitigate and maneuver around moments of crisis and precarity through the development of cultivations, sociocultural relations, and melded diverse economic forms. In Kandy, home gardens are a long-held historical small-scale agriculture practice that evolved out of Kandyan forest gardens, an agroforestry practice that combined maintenance of a forest landscape with intentional and interspersed cultivation of produce, including vegetables, fruits, spices, trees, and ornamental species. Drawing on diverse economic frameworks and studies on everyday precarity, I demonstrate how home gardens function as a multi-use system of subsistence agriculture that weaves together gift economies of gift-as-exchange, communal cultivations on privatized lands (based in the locality), responses to precarity through agentic food production in the home garden, and the paradox of precarity through home garden continuity and state support.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Dilni T. Abeyrathne","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Barnhart-Withington Block fund, Food Connection grant","funderName":"University of Kentucky","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100007472","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/118/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T15:29:16Z","registered":"2026-05-20T15:29:17Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T15:29:17Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.188","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.188","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Bryant, George C.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"George C.","familyName":"Bryant","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1625-4894","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"USING CONTROLLED INTERRUPTEDTIME SERIES TO QUANTIFY COVID-19 PANDEMIC-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN CLABSI RATES IN ONCOLOGY INPATIENT LOCATIONS","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Other medical sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"3.5"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Background: Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic, central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in the United States (U.S.) were on a sustained downward trajectory. The pandemic abruptly reversed this progress, with national CLABSI rates increasing approximately 24% between 2019 and 2020. Oncology inpatient locations carry disproportionately high baseline CLABSI rates, driven largely by mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections (MBI-LCBI), yet no studies have directly examined how the pandemic differentially affected CLABSI rates in oncology versus non-oncology inpatient settings.\n\nObjective: To assess whether the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with differential changes in LCBI-only and MBI-LCBI rates in oncology inpatient locations compared to non-oncology inpatient locations within the same U.S. hospitals.\n\nMethods: A retrospective controlled interrupted time series analysis was conducted using NHSN inpatient location-level data from January 2018 through December 2024. The interruption was defined as March 2020. The primary cohort included 3,686 locations across 339 hospitals. Outcomes were analyzed separately for LCBI-only and MBI-LCBI-only. Negative binomial generalized linear mixed models estimated immediate level changes, post-interruption slope changes, and differential effects for oncology versus non-oncology locations, with non-oncology locations within the same hospital serving as the comparison group.\n\nResults: Contrary to our hypothesis, oncology locations experienced a smaller immediate pandemic-associated increase in LCBI-only rates than non-oncology locations (differential IRR 0.740, 95% CI 0.678–0.807), converging to near-equivalence by 48 months (IRR 0.978, 95% CI 0.886–1.079). No statistically significant differential effect was identified for MBI-LCBI. Observed rates in both location types remained substantially above no-interruption counterfactual predictions through December 2024, with oncology LCBI-only and MBI-LCBI rates exceeding predicted levels by 96% and 36%, respectively.\n\nConclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic produced sustained CLABSI increases that had not returned to pre-pandemic trajectories by December 2024, and those increases did not affect oncology locations as hypothesized. These findings underscore that LCBI-only and MBI-LCBI are distinct outcomes requiring distinct prevention strategies.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 George C. Bryant","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/epb_etds/51/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T15:22:23Z","registered":"2026-05-20T15:22:23Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T15:22:23Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.235","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.235","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Alsum, Alexia","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Alexia","familyName":"Alsum","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5659-9493","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"DESIGN AND ADVANCEMENT OF ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR IN VIVO SINGLE-PHOTON CALCIUM IMAGING TO CHARACTERIZE TEMPORAL- AND TREATMENT-DEPENDENT NEURAL ADAPTATIONS TO OPIOID EXPOSURE AND WITHDRAWAL IN THE MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Other medical sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"3.5"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Despite the availability of several approved medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), it remains a significant public health concern characterized by persistent neurobiological adaptations that drive relapse and impede successful recovery. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a region critical for executive control and decision-making, undergoes pronounced functional changes during chronic opioid exposure and withdrawal, yet the cellular mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain poorly understood. This dissertation aims to investigate longitudinal alterations in mPFC neural activity across opioid exposure and withdrawal using in vivo single-photon calcium imaging and newly developed computational frameworks.\n\nFollowing standard preprocessing to extract and normalize calcium traces, custom computational pipelines were developed to analyze longitudinal patterns of neuronal activity across recording sessions. These frameworks incorporated dimensionality reduction and clustering approaches to identify neuronal ensemble activity patterns that evolved across time and treatment conditions. The developed tools were applied to calcium imaging datasets from two complementary experiments: (1) chronic oxycodone administration via osmotic minipump followed by a short withdrawal period and (2) twice-daily injections of oxycodone or atoxifent, a novel μ-opioid receptor agonist, followed by extended withdrawal.\n\nAcross both models, longitudinal analysis revealed distinct neuronal populations that either maintained stable activity profiles or exhibited dynamic, treatment-dependent changes during exposure and withdrawal. These findings suggest that chronic opioid administration induces circuit-level remodeling within the mPFC, characterized by shifting ensemble activity states that likely contribute to impaired behavioral regulation observed in OUD. Significant baseline sex differences in neural activity were also detected, whereas limited sample sizes in post-treatment recordings precluded robust evaluation of sex-dependent effects following drug exposure.\n\nCollectively, this work advances analytical approaches for longitudinal calcium imaging and demonstrates their value in revealing temporal and treatment-dependent neurophysiological changes during opioid exposure and withdrawal. By enabling quantitative assessment of circuit-level adaptations over time, these frameworks provide a foundation for evaluating how candidate compounds influence neuronal ensemble activity within addiction-relevant networks. This approach supports preclinical drug screening and the identification of novel therapeutic targets aimed at restoring prefrontal function disrupted by chronic opioid use. More broadly, the analytical strategies developed here expand the utility of in vivo calcium imaging and strengthen the link between mechanistic neurobiology and translational pharmacotherapy development.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Alexia R. Alsum","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/177/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-20T15:16:01Z","registered":"2026-05-20T15:16:01Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-20T15:16:01Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.34945/f5s89w","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.34945/f5s89w","identifiers":[{"identifier":"odc-tbi:1572","identifierType":"local accession number"}],"creators":[{"name":"Laye, Cortney","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Cortney","familyName":"Laye","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Stroede, Branden","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Branden","familyName":"Stroede","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Jaycie Gard","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Alareidi, Alaa","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Alaa","familyName":"Alareidi","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Shaojing Ye","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wood, Cecily","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Cecily","familyName":"Wood","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Velmurugan, Gopal","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Gopal","familyName":"Velmurugan","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Johnson, Lance","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Lance","familyName":"Johnson","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Hubbard, William","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"William","familyName":"Hubbard","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky; Lexington VA"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Time-dependent metabolomic profile following repeated non-penetrating mild blast traumatic brain injury on male C57BL/6J-Tyr mice"}],"publisher":"Open Data Commons for Traumatic Brain Injury (ODC-TBI)","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"TBI"},{"subject":"Injury"},{"subject":"Metabolomics"},{"subject":"metabolite"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2026","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Tabular","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsDocumentedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1038/s44324-026-00111-7","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":["text/csv","application/zip","x-zip-compressed"],"version":"1.0","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"STUDY PURPOSE: Blast-induced traumatic brain injury causes on-going deficits in brain metabolism. The dataset is genereated from a study designed to investigate how repeated mild blast traumatic brain injury (rmbTBI) alters cortical metabolites over time, focusing on acute (1 day) and chronic (30 days) phase post-injury. DATA COLLECTED: A total of 24 male C57BL/6J-Tyr mice (9 weeks old) were randomly assigned to sham or rmbTBI groups, with n = 6 animals per group at each time point. rmbTBI was produced using the open-ended McMillan Blast Device and animals underwent two separate blast exposures separated by 24 hours. Each exposure was generated using compressed helium to yield a target peak static overpressure of ~11 psi with pressure measured using a sensor adjacent to the animal’s body (see metadata for exact recorded pressures). During exposure, mice were positioned laterally and secured in a mesh sling to limit movement and were anesthetized with isoflurane for both blast procedure and euthanasia. At designated time points, cortical tissue from the right hemisphere was rapidly extracted, flash frozen, and analyzed using untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. Metabolites were extracted via methanol precipitation, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and analyzed in both positive and negative ion modes. Data were normalized to tissue mass and analyzed using MetaboAnalyst (p \u0026lt; 0.05). DATA USAGE NOTES:","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"NIH","funderIdentifier":"P20 GM148326 (WBH)","funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"funderName":"VA","funderIdentifier":"I01BX006494-01A1 (WBH)","funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"funderName":"DoD","funderIdentifier":"HT9425-24-1-0301 (WBH)","funderIdentifierType":"Other"},{"funderName":"KSCHIRT","funderIdentifier":"#24-8 (WBH)","funderIdentifierType":"Other"}],"url":"https://odc-tbi.org/data/1572","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T22:19:55Z","registered":"2026-05-19T22:19:56Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T22:19:56Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"cdl.ucsd","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.103","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.103","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Al-kayed, Jarrah","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Jarrah","familyName":"Al-kayed","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4650-8080","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"WORKPLACE VIOLENCE, RISKY ALCOHOL USE, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG NURSES","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Psychology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"5.1"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"The high prevalence of workplace violence places nurses at risk of poor well-being. Some nurses use alcohol to cope with workplace violence. Alcohol use however, is associated with increased physical, psychosocial, and occupational problems, which exacerbate nurses’ well-being. Studies have shown that 13% to 37% of nurses have risky alcohol use behaviors. Given that physical activity correlates with reduced risky alcohol use, the purpose of this dissertation was to: 1) synthesize the literature regarding the association of work- and trauma-related factors and risky alcohol use among healthcare providers; 2) evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ) among nursing students; and 3) examine the moderating effect of physical activity on the association of workplace violence with risky alcohol use among nurses. The findings of this dissertation indicated that trauma was significantly associated with risky alcohol use among healthcare providers, the BYAACQ demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in nursing students, and the significant relationship between workplace violence and risky alcohol use wasnot seem moderated by physical activity. In the future, researchers should consider longitudinal designs or randomized controlled intervention trials to address workplace violence, risky alcohol use, and physical activity among nurses.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Jarrah Al-Kayed","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"Delta Psi Chapter Theta Tau Awards and Scholarship","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/78/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:39:27Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:39:28Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:39:28Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.31","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.31","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Loosle, Allison N.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Allison N.","familyName":"Loosle","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"The Association Between Learned Helplessness and Future Outlook and the Mediating Effects of Parental Support, Engagement, and Closeness","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Psychology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"5.1"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"The present study examined the direct and indirect associations between learned helplessness and future outlook among emerging adults, with parental support, engagement, and closeness as potential mediating factors. Using data from 375 participants drawn from G3, Wave 4 of the Youth Development Study, two path analytic models were tested: one including a composite measure of learned helplessness and one examining its components (contingency, cognition, and behavior) individually. Results indicated that higher levels of learned helplessness were associated with a less positive future outlook. When separated, the cognition and behavior components were negatively associated with future outlook, whereas contingency was not associated. Among parental factors, male parent closeness was the only variable consistently associated with future outlook and partially mediated the association between composite learned helplessness and future outlook. Findings highlight the importance of cognitive self-evaluations and the father–child subsystem within a family systems framework. Implications for understanding developmental processes during emerging adulthood and for clinical interventions targeting cognitive appraisals and relational dynamics are discussed.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Allison N. Loosle","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/128/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:35:17Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:35:17Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:35:17Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.29","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.29","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Goh, Jensen","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Jensen","familyName":"Goh","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-7864","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"EXPANDING THE ROLE OF MUSCLE STEM CELL FUSION IN MUSCLE UNDER HYPERTROPHIC STIMULUS","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"1.6"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are a unique stem cell population that can activate in response to both injury and growth stimuli. Studies on muscle regeneration have shown MuSC activation follows a uniform progression through proliferation, differentiation, and fusion. Therefore, to determine whether MuSC replication is a prerequisite for differentiation under hypertrophic stimulus, I used a lineage-tracking mouse model (Pax7rtTA; TRE-H2B-GFP) to label MuSC nuclei and simultaneously tracked DNA synthesis via EdU incorporation. This dual-labeling approach allowed us to not only distinguish MuSC-derived nuclei but also demarcate which MuSC had proliferated prior to fusion. I then employed a mechanical overload (MOV) model of synergist ablation on the hindlimb muscles; this model has been shown to stimulate robust activation and fusion of the MuSC population in the plantaris muscle.\n\nUsing immunohistochemistry, I quantified GFP+ MuSC-derived myonuclei within myofibers in concert with the EdU labeling. My analysis showed that a significant fraction of GFP+ MuSC-derived myonuclei were negative for EdU. This unexpected finding showed that, in response to hypertrophic stimulus, cell division is not obligatory for MuSC fusion during muscle growth. Further, trajectory analysis of our scRNA-seq data revealed a bifurcation in MuSC fate: one branch progressed to a proliferative state prior to fusion, whereas the other routed directly to differentiation and fusion without proliferation. Together, these findings provide strong evidence that the MuSC dynamics are different with hypertrophy compared to previous studies in the muscle damage and regeneration context, and that MuSC are capable of fusion into the muscle fibers independent of proliferation.\n\nNext, I wanted to examine the fate of MuSC organelles other than the nucleus when fusion occurs. Previously, tracking the fusion of MuSC to myofibers during muscle hypertrophy has been exclusively done by assessing myonuclear abundance. These nuclear-centric methods have directed the focus of study on myonuclear accretion. As it stands in the field, the increase in transcriptional capacity is thought to be the primary functional benefit of MuSC fusion. However, little is known about the fate of other organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and lysosomes during myofiber fusion. While it is presumed that these organelles are also transferred and retained within muscle fibers post-fusion, there is no direct evidence to support this presumption.\n\nTo address this gap in knowledge, I focused on mitochondria because they are a highly abundant organelle in activated MuSCs. Alongside, there is a well-established mitochondrial marker, mito-Dendra2, which will allow us to track the fate of MuSC-derived mitochondria following myofiber fusion.  I crossed a MuSC-specific driver mouse to the fluorescent reporter mouse to generate a MuSC-specific mitochondrial labeled mouse. I then subjected the mice to the same (MOV) model to stimulate MuSC fusion. Plantaris muscles were collected after 3-, 7-, and 14- days of MOV. This experimental design allowed us to evaluate whether mitochondrial transfer precedes fusion and to assess MuSC temporal dynamics. I observed an increase in Dendra2⁺ myofibers across the MOV time course. Super-resolution imaging captured the simultaneous transfer of mitochondria and nuclei during MuSC fusion, visualizing direct evidence of mitochondrial transfer into muscle fibers in response to a hypertrophic stimulus. EdU incorporation, to track MuSC fusion, showed early MuSC fusion was primarily independent of proliferation and preferentially occurred with oxidative Type 2A fibers.\n\nThus, with this study, I provide for the first time definitive evidence that under a hypertrophic stimulus, mitochondria are transferred into muscle fibers through MuSC fusion. Furthermore, the sensitivity of our model allowed us to characterize the dynamics of early MuSC fusion; I show that MuSCs are fusing earlier than 3 days and that this fusion is largely preferential to 2A fibers in the plantaris.\n\nIn my final study, I investigated the transcriptomic impact of MuSC fusion on muscle in the context of two key variables: adaptation to a hypertrophic stimulus and the effects of aging. Our lab previously showed that at least in the short term, adult muscle is able to grow at a similar level in the absence or presence of MuSCs; but on the opposite end, growth response of aged muscle is blunted irrespective of MuSC presence. Therefore, I wanted to perform sequencing on muscle under these conditions. Because the size of the myofiber (muscle cell) prohibits us from using single cell isolation, I instead opted to focus on the myonucleus for sequencing. To achieve this, I used a mouse model in which MuSCs could be selectively depleted and allow us to simultaneously label myonuclei. I also utilized the same synergist ablation model to induce a hypertrophic stimulus via MOV on the adult and aged mice of this mouse model.\n\nThis allowed me to compare the transcriptome of murine muscle in the presence or absence of MuSCs, in resting or (MOV) models, and both in adult and aged conditions; thereby isolating the transcriptional consequences of MuSC-derived fusion across age and MOV adaptation. After integrating all datasets, my comparisons revealed four significant findings: 1) Adult muscle can adapt to mechanical overload in the absence of MuSCs,2) MOV adaptation was blunted in aged muscle, and the blunting is amplified with MuSC depletion,3) Aging muscle has many additional myonuclear clusters that exhibit non-canonical expression of genes, 4) MOV rejuvenates aged muscle transcriptome, but only in the presence of MuSCs.\n\nOverall, I showed that MuSCs play a much bigger role in regulating adaptation in aged muscle, while adult muscle can compensate without MuSCs. Based on the additional myonuclear clusters in aged samples, our data suggests that with aging, transcriptional dysregulation occurs. Finally, while previous studies have shown the benefits of exercise in attenuating aging effects, this study provides the first detailed characterization of how MOV remodels aged muscle transcriptome and highlight the MuSC contribution to this response.\n\nOverall, my work has extended our understanding of MuSC fusion by demonstrating that MuSCs can contribute to myofiber growth through a proliferation-independent route. Beyond nuclear accretion, my findings establish for the first time that MuSCs also donate mitochondria during fusion and a preference for early MuSC fusion with oxidative Type 2A fibers. I show that adult muscle retains the ability to compensate for MuSC loss during hypertrophy and that this adaptive capacity is diminished with aging due to a loss in myonuclear transcriptional programs. Although the single nuclear RNA sequencing project is descriptive and based solely on bioinformatic data at a transcriptional level, the results provide evidence that MOV-specific rejuvenation of muscle occurs through the reprogramming of aged myonuclei. This suggests that resistance exercise in the presence of MuSCs might restore aged muscle to a more youthful profile.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Jensen Goh Zhong Sheng","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"National Institutes of Health","awardNumber":"RO1 AG069909","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100000002","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/74/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:32:29Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:32:29Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:32:29Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.90","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.90","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Tahsin, Samiha","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Samiha","familyName":"Tahsin","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9449-2271","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"IONIC-ELECTRONIC INTERACTIONS GOVERNING CHARGE TRANSPORT AND PERFORMANCE IN ORGANIC ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSISTORS","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"2.2"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) use organic mixed ionic electronic conductors (OMIECs) as the active material because of their unique ability to transport both electronic and ionic charge carriers and operate in an aqueous environment. Moreover, OECTs provide a wide range of applications, starting from biosensors, energy storage, and neuromorphic computing. In spite of the significant prospect of OECTs, there is a critical gap in understanding the fundamental properties during device operation, including charge transport, charge injection mechanism, contact geometry, and electrolyte solvent properties.\n\nIn this study, low-temperature measurement of OECT device parameters such as mobility, contact resistance, and activation energy challenges the existing assumption of charge transport physics in heavily doped OMIECs. Mobility-temperature trend indicates multiple trap and release as the dominant charge transport mechanism, while contact resistance-temperature trend indicates tunneling as the dominant charge injection mechanism. Next, conductance-temperature data show a reversible insulator-to-metal transition at high carrier densities, which is observed here for the first time in OMIECs and OECTs. Furthermore, a deviation from the gradual channel approximation model is observed due to the presence of edge effects at narrower channels and voltage-dependent channel resistance.\n\nOverall, this work provides a combined framework that shows how the OECT performance is influenced by the complex interplay of electronic-ionic interactions, carrier density, device geometry, and electrolyte solvent. This analysis paves a clear path for future design of high-performance OECT devices with proper estimation of device parameters and a deeper understanding of device physics.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Samiha Tahsin","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Faculty Early Career Development Award","funderName":"National Science Foundation","awardNumber":"2441261","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Mathematical and Physical Sciences Program","funderName":"National Science Foundation","awardNumber":"2349830","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/230/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:28:35Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:28:35Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:28:35Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/des.2026.515","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/des.2026.515","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Carroll, Jennifer","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Jennifer","familyName":"Carroll","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"Assessing Legacy Collections","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"Analyzing the Preservation, Recovery, and Interpretive Value of Archaeobotanical Remains from Site 15Le70 (Pine Crest Rockshelter), Lee County, Kentucky","titleType":"Subtitle"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: History and archaeology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"6.1"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"This paper uses the archaeobotanical assemblage from Site 15Le70, a multi-excavated and extensively looted rockshelter in eastern Kentucky, while opening new lines of inquiry into gendered labor and practice during the Archaic-Woodland transition. Because legacy collections are often dispersed across institutions and/or research projects, the materials from any single site may be fragmented, as was the case for 15Le70. Such collections can be overlooked, yet this investigation into 15Le70’s archaeobotanical assemblage demonstrates that partial or scattered datasets can yield meaningful results and hold the potential to fill gaps in the archaeological record left by looting.\n\nIn this study, a small sample (n=10) of 15Le70 was analyzed using the plant category system by Williams (2000), modified to highlight taxa culturally documented as having been collected and used to treat gynecological conditions. If women during the Archaic-Woodland transition were using rockshelters as women’s birthing and/or menstrual retreats, as suggested by current interpretations of ash-caves and nutprocessing sites, simultaneously with the development of agriculture, it is reasonable to ask whether they were also cultivating plants for gynecological needs, highlighting women’s labor and possible ritual expertise in the development of agriculture. While the limited sample cannot provide definitive proof and the results for Site 15Le70 remain inconclusive, the assemblage is consistent with women-linked activities identified in broader comparative research. This case demonstrates that even scattered legacy archaeobotanical collections can support new lines of inquiry, including a look at gendered labor and practice, to deepen understanding of the occupational periods at archaeological sites.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/interdes_finalprojects/3/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:24:17Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:24:17Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:24:17Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.255","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.255","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Chambers, Anyiah","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Anyiah","familyName":"Chambers","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2181-7077","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"STUDENTS AS INFORMATION RESPONDERS","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"EXTENDING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENTS AT A PWI","titleType":"Subtitle"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Media and communications","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"5.8"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"As school shootings continue to rise across the United States, understanding how students respond to and share information during crises has become a critical concern for higher education institutions. While prior research has examined the role of students as first information responders (FIRs) during emergencies, few studies have investigated how these processes unfold among Black and non-Black students at predominantly white institutions (PWIs). This mixed methods study is a replication and extension of Omilion-Hodges and Edwards (2021), examining how undergraduate Black and non-Black students at PWIs evaluate, construct, and disseminate crisis-related messages, particularly during active-shooter events. Grounded in channel specification theory (CST) and McCroskey and Teven’s (1999) source credibility framework, this research explores how students perceive message credibility, engage in information verification, and balance institutional trust with communal responsibility. Quantitative methods assess how credibility dimensions and participation in the experiment shape anxiety levels before and after the experiment, while qualitative methods explain the nuanced ways in which students frame and share crisis information across digital platforms. By centering the experiences of Black and non-Black students, this project addresses longstanding gaps in crisis communication literature and offers practical insights for developing culturally responsive, emotionally intelligent, and effective crisis messaging strategies in higher education.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Anyiah S. Chambers","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Pilot Project Small-Scale Funding, PI","funderName":"UNITE Research Priority Area","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/155/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:18:54Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:18:54Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:18:54Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.192","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.192","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Frank, George","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"George","familyName":"Frank","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5087-2778","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"ADVANCING THE MELT SPINNING STABILITY OF MESOPHASE PITCH PRECURSORS FOR HIGH-MODULUS CARBON FIBER","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Materials engineering","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"2.5"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Carbon fiber is applicable for many structural applications that require a high strength-to-weight ratio. While the most common precursor to carbon fiber is polyacrylonitrile, carbon fibers made from mesophase pitch have niche applications where high thermal conductivity and exceptional stiffness are required. Mesophase pitch-derived carbon fibers typically stem from coal tar or the bottoms products from petroleum distillation, but there is an opportunity for lower-cost carbon fiber when the precursor pitch is a coal and petroleum oil liquefaction product. The aligned graphitic structure of these high-modulus carbon fibers originates from the orientation of liquid crystalline domains in mesophase pitch during melt spinning. A significant challenge to the production of mesophase pitch-derived carbon fibers is the melt spinning process. The short draw distance (\u003c 1 cm) of the molten filament creates high melt stress, causing greater susceptibility to failure-inducing instabilities. Mitigation of these instabilities is essential for scale-up to multifilament melt spinning on an industrial scale.\n\nDespite prior investigations into mesophase pitch melt spinning, critical gaps remain in understanding how mesophase characteristics and spinning conditions influence stability, particularly under conditions relevant to industrial-scale production. Mitigation of instabilities during melt draw can lead to fewer filament breakages and facilitate the production of carbon fiber. Therefore, this dissertation begins by investigating the mitigation of instabilities during melt spinning by focusing on the properties of the mesophase pitch. Then, challenges in economical scale-up of high modulus carbon fiber are explored by studying spinning stability under various multifilament melt spinning conditions and with coal extract-derived mesophase pitch.\n\nFirst, this work investigates the modification of coal tar-derived isotropic pitch, which is the amorphous precursor to liquid crystalline mesophase pitch. The isotropic domains in mesophase pitch form a heterogenous, bi-phasic system and are concerning due to their local viscosity differences compared to the adjacent mesophase domains. Previous works have explored how instabilities in mesophase pitch are more prevalent with increasing concentrations of isotropic domains. In this work, the isotropic domain size distribution of a mesophase pitch is varied while holding the isotropic content constant to study changes in the viscous flow through a capillary. Viscosity fluctuations within the capillary over time are correlated with instabilities in melt spinning. The distribution of isotropic domains is shown to change with time as the isotropic domains coalesce at the melt spinning temperature. Second, the storage conditions for the pitch are hypothesized to cause slow oxidation of the pitch, affecting the viscosity and spinning stability over several months. Oxygen content of pitch over time is studied while varying the pitch particle size and storage atmosphere. Correlation between oxygen content and melt spinning stability is investigated for pitches in air at an elevated temperature and at room temperature for long durations.\n\nThen, this work addresses the challenges of scale-up by investigating several processing variables of multifilament melt spinning, including air temperature outside the capillary, spinning temperature, mass flow rate, and spinneret capillary quality. The effects of these process variables on multifilament spinning stability are compared to those observed under similar conditions in single filament melt spinning. Lastly, this work focuses on lower cost precursors for producing mesophase pitch. Waste coal is a focus for this study as it has potential utility due to its high polycyclic aromatic content, high surface area for liquefaction, and no present market value. The properties of mesophase pitches derived from waste coal and petroleum decant oil liquefaction extract are compared to those derived from petroleum decant oil alone. Differences in melt spinning stability between these two mesophase pitches are investigated by contrasting their viscosity, molecular weight distribution, mass loss under melt spinning conditions, and SEM cross sections of the green filaments. The graphitic texture, mechanical properties, and overall yield of the graphitized carbon fibers derived from waste coal extract are compared to those derived from petroleum decant oil alone.\n\nIn conclusion, stable multifilament melt spinning was demonstrated, achieving 30 minutes of uninterrupted melt spinning for \u003e 90% of the spinneret capillaries while producing fiber with a diameter of approximately 20 µm. These are the first high modulus carbon fibers obtained utilizing waste coal as a feedstock, with 562 GPa modulus and 1.22 GPa tensile strength, and an overall yield to carbon fiber was improved by 75% compared to carbon fibers derived from petroleum decant oil alone.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 George Frank","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":"Contract","funderName":"Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management","awardNumber":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100020312","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"},{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"U.S. Department of Energy","awardNumber":"DEFE0031796","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100000015","funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/190/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:15:45Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:15:45Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:15:45Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.280","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.280","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Johnson, Lauren","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Lauren","familyName":"Johnson","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4596-6791","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"EQUID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) EVOLUTION \u0026 GENOME ORGANIZATION","titleType":null}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Veterinary sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"4.3"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"THES","bibtex":"phdthesis","citeproc":"thesis","schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"The evolution of modern horses has a well-documented fossil record and has long been of interest to the genetics community. Although non-caballine equids (e.g. zebras, donkeys, and asses) can hybridize with horses, the resulting offspring are typically infertile. Despite these reproductive barriers, genomic analyses reveal regions of high sequence similarity among equid species. This dissertation investigates the role of historical introgression in the evolution of modern Equus species. The first chapter re-evaluates earlier findings derived from a limited horse population and a single reference genome. The variants of the identified regions were pushed through Ensembl’s Variant Effect Predictor to assess the possible consequences. Three consistent patterns emerged: an overrepresentation of conserved regions on chromosome 20, which contains the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a higher density of conserved regions on smaller chromosomes, and many of the conserved regions occurred in introns. Building on these patterns, the following chapter examined the functional consequences of MHC alleles identified within regions of high sequence similarity. Of the 50 loci identified within the MHC superlocus, 12 had the assumed pattern of introgression. A region in DR-beta2 gene (Thoroughbred T2T with donkeys only) dataset had coding consequences. The other 11 loci are hypothesized to be involved with expression of the complexes. However, timing of the introgression event(s) is still unknown and are part of a future project. The final chapter investigates chromosomal rearrangements in equids using pan-genome graph representations. Previous work was able to decipher the large rearrangements between species at the karyotypic level and SNVs gave more information about their evolutionary relationships. However, the pan-genome graphs were able to compare three publicly available reference genomes and verify previous results. Another aspect of the pan-genome graphs is the ability to study large structural variants to single nucleotide polymorphisms between species for molecular evolution. Together, these analyses provide new insight into the molecular evolution of equids—particularly at the DR-beta2 locus—and establish a framework for applying evolutionary genomics to conservation and future gene-editing efforts.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Lauren C. Johnson","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardUri":null,"awardTitle":null,"funderName":"Keeley M. Hagan \u0026 Louis D. Lieto Fellowship","awardNumber":null,"funderIdentifier":null,"funderIdentifierType":"Other"}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/75/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:11:48Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:11:49Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:11:49Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.219","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.219","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Hannah Grace Childress","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Hannah Grace Childress","familyName":null,"affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4463-6265","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"lang":null,"title":"BUILDING INCLUSIVE AGRICULTURE","titleType":null},{"lang":null,"title":"DEVELOPING TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR YOUTH IN THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY TO SUPPORT DISABILITY INCLUSION THROUGH THE 2025 SUNSHINE CLASS","titleType":"Subtitle"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Educational sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)","classificationCode":"5.3"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"RPRT","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceType":"Master's Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":null,"description":"Throughout history, individuals with disabilities have not been provided the same opportunities at the same rigor as their peers. However, many industries work diligently to provide means for individuals with disabilities to be incorporated into events. To mitigate this issue, disability-inclusive livestock events have begun to form across the country, where 4-H and FFA members mentor individuals with disabilities. Even with the inclusion of all individuals, this overshadows the mentor's lack of previous collaboration and knowledge about disabilities. This qualitative study examined mentors’ self-efficacy before and after volunteering for the 2025 Sunshine class, while participating in a disability awareness training program. Based on participants' responses from the semi-structured interviews, it was found that the mentor’s four pillars of self-efficacy (mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, emotional and psychological feedback) had a greater influence on their self-belief than the disability training. It was also established that participants' attitudes and beliefs about inclusion were pre-established based on personal influences. Even though the training did not leave a drastic impact on mentors, it was still a recognized tool that participants reflected on. Based on this study, youth development programs should consider implementing longer disability awareness interventions to increase self-efficacy.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":null,"description":"© 2026 Hannah Grace Childress","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/82/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-05-19T16:08:58Z","registered":"2026-05-19T16:08:58Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-05-19T16:08:58Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}}],"meta":{"total":11390,"totalPages":400,"page":1},"links":{"self":"https://api.datacite.org/dois?affiliation=true\u0026query=creators.affiliation.name%3A%22University+of+Kentucky%22%2A","next":"https://api.datacite.org/dois?affiliation=true\u0026page%5Bnumber%5D=2\u0026page%5Bsize%5D=25\u0026query=creators.affiliation.name%3A%22University+of+Kentucky%22%2A"}}