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Reinaldo","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-6255"}],"contributorType":"ContactPerson"}],"dates":[{"date":"2026-10-09T18:30:30Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2026-10-17T08:42:10Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-11-06T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1111/syen.70077","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["83371462 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"4","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"We used 1000 loci produced by Highly Multiplexed Amplicon-Based\n Phylogenomics (HiMAP) to genotype 564 specimens of tephritid flies from\n the genus Anastrepha. We produced sequences from 909 loci, and a subset of\n 444 nuclear loci across 479 specimens spanning 86 species was retained for\n phylogenetic analyses. Our study largely corroborates the Anchored Hybrid\n Enrichment (AHE) phylogeny recently published, while revealing key\n refinements, including evidence of widespread gene tree discordance.\n Notably, HiMAP loci identified reticulate evolutionary patterns,\n supporting the presence of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and\n introgression among distantly related species. These results underscore\n the importance of considering non-bifurcating phylogenetic topologies when\n resolving species group boundaries within Anastrepha."},{"descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo","description":"# Data from: Using highly variable exons to assess phylogenetic\n relationships among species of *Anastrepha* Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae)\n Dataset DOI:\n [10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjm8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjm8) ##\n Description of the data and file structure We used 1000 loci produced by\n Highly Multiplexed Amplicon-Based Phylogenomics (HiMAP) to genotype 564\n specimens of tephritid flies from the genus *Anastrepha*. We produced\n Illumina sequences from 909 loci and used a subset of 444 nuclear loci\n across 479 specimens spanning 86 species for phylogenetic analyses. These\n analyses included production of aligned sequences by locus, which were\n concatenated for a full dataset to produce ML and BI phylogenetic\n inferences, but were also investigated individually with ML to produce\n individual phylogenetic trees, which were combined in ASTRAL for a\n coalescent inference of the species tree. These inferences allowed us to\n propose a robust phylogenetic inference, but also revealed the presence of\n introgression and incomplete lineage sorting that limits our ability to\n resolve some relationships. In general, our results indicate that the\n divergence of Anastrepha was recent but rapid, with several shallow\n internal nodes across the topology. ### Files and variables #### File:\n HiMAP444_AHE.zip **Description:** Subset of the most complete specimen\n from each of 86 species, combined in scaffolds to compare with Norrbom et\n al. (2025) dataset #### File:\n de-Brito-Schmidt-Anastrepha-Phylogeny-commands.txt **Description:** List\n of commands used to perform analyses indicated on accompanying manuscript\n #### File: HiMAP444.zip **Description:** Subset of 444 loci from 479\n specimens from 86 species of *Anastrepha* #### File: full909.zip\n **Description:** Full set of sequences from 909 loci amplified from 564\n species of *Anastrepha* ## Access information Other publicly accessible\n locations of the data: * N/A Data was derived from the following sources:\n * Original data is stored on GenBank BioProject PRJNA1234034"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49","awardNumber":"2020-67013-30978"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49","awardNumber":"KY008091"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78","awardNumber":"2018/06611-5"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78","awardNumber":"2022/12583-0"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49","awardNumber":"14/50940-2"}],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.cz8w9gjm8","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":2,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-11-06T11:40:17Z","registered":"2026-11-06T11:40:18Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-06T11:40:18Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.453","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.453","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Benjamin","familyName":"Burke","name":"Burke, Benjamin","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-1750"}]}],"titles":[{"titleType":null,"lang":null,"title":"MICROBIAL-DERIVED EXERKINES"},{"titleType":"Subtitle","lang":null,"title":"A NOVEL CLASS OF EXERCISE MIMETICS—ILLUSTRATED IN SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"classificationCode":"3.5","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Other medical sciences","valueUri":null,"lang":null,"subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"schemaOrg":"Thesis","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dissertation","citeproc":"thesis","bibtex":"phdthesis","ris":"THES"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that exerts widespread effects on host physiology. Exercise adaptation is increasingly recognized to be regulated, in part, by this microbiome. We previously reported that skeletal muscle adaptation to regular exercise requires a healthy gut microbiome, contributing to growing evidence that some exercise benefits are mediated by microbiome-derived metabolites. In the present work, we identified such exercise-associated microbial metabolites, termed microbial-derived exerkines (MDEs), by transferring cecal contents from exercise-trained donor mice into exercise-naïve recipient mice undergoing unilateral hindlimb immobilization. Recipients of cecal transfers from exercise-trained donors exhibited less muscle atrophy than those receiving transfers from sedentary donors. Untargeted metabolomics revealed metabolites enriched in the cecal contents, serum, and muscle of recipients from exercise-trained donors, consistent with microbial origin. Oral administration of two such metabolites, pipecolic acid and succinate (PAS), attenuated muscle atrophy and preserved muscle function in exercise-naïve immobilized mice. Given the heightened susceptibility of aged muscle to disuse atrophy, we also administered PAS to aged mice undergoing unilateral hindlimb immobilization, observing sex-specific effects on muscle function. Moreover, in diet-induced obese mice, PAS attenuated losses in muscle mass, muscle stem cell abundance, and muscle function when co-administered with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist known to decrease lean mass and muscle strength. Finally, we demonstrated that PAS enhances exercise adaptation and performance during a 7-week progressive weighted wheel-running exercise protocol in adult mice. Together, these findings establish MDEs as a novel class of exercise mimetics for treating conditions responsive to physical activity.","lang":null},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"© 2026 Benjamin I. 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Framed by scholarship on popular-music analysis, style, intertextuality, borrowing, and improvisation, the study examines Hornsby’s first two creative periods: the albums recorded with The Range, from The Way It Is through A Night on the Town, and his early solo albums, from Harbor Lights through Spirit Trail.\n\nClose analyses identify recurring first-period features, including mixolydian inflections, mode mixture, quartal and quintal voicings, extended harmonic sonorities, gospel-derived piano gestures, and extended right-hand solos that challenge late-1980s pop conventions. Hornsby’s second period intensifies these traits through explicit genre synthesis, heightened chromaticism, expanded formal procedures, and virtuosic two-hand independence. Drawing on published scholarship, journalism, and original interview material, this study positions Hornsby as a significant yet underexamined figure whose work challenges distinctions between commercial accessibility, instrumental virtuosity, and experimental musical thought.","lang":null},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"© 2026 Andrew Thomas Perkins","lang":null}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/678/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-11-05T16:09:40Z","registered":"2026-11-05T16:09:40Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-05T16:09:40Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.7910/dvn/iurcpr","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.7910/dvn/iurcpr","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Texas A\u0026amp;M University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Soren","familyName":"Jordan","name":"Jordan, Soren","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-1085"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Ryan","familyName":"Williamson","name":"Williamson, Ryan","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5235-0967"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Bridgett","familyName":"King","name":"King, Bridgett","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1049-6294"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Auburn University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Spencer","familyName":"Goidel","name":"Goidel, Spencer","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-8167"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Auburn University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Mitchell","familyName":"Brown","name":"Brown, Mitchell","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3076-9585"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"Replication Data for: Opening the Gates or Guarding the Guardrails? An Access-Integrity Continuum Predicts Voting Rules Preferences"}],"publisher":"Harvard Dataverse","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"Social Sciences"}],"contributors":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A\u0026amp;M University"}],"givenName":"Soren","familyName":"Jordan","name":"Jordan, Soren","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2026-08-13","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2026-08-13","dateType":"Available"},{"date":"2026-11-05","dateType":"Updated"}],"language":null,"types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1177/1532673x26148150","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["473522","23039"],"formats":["text/tab-separated-values","type/x-r-syntax"],"version":"1.1","rightsList":[{"rightsUri":"info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"},{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","lang":"en","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"This includes the data and scripts necessary to produce the figures and analysis."}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://dataverse.harvard.edu/citation?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/IURCPR","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":2,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":1,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-08-13T10:17:44Z","registered":"2026-08-13T17:39:00Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-05T16:09:29Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"gdcc.harvard-dv","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5281/zenodo.23938420","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.23938420","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky Alumnus"},{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02erqft81","name":"Marshall University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"},{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/057bq1s94","name":"Fullerton College","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"},{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Danny D.","familyName":"Maynard","name":"Maynard, Danny D.","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Multiverse Structure Definition: A Partially Ordered Fractal Black Hole Architecture and the Resolution of  Standard Model Cosmological Anomalies"}],"publisher":"Zenodo","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"Multiverse, Fractal Spacetime, Partially Ordered Set, Poset Network, Black Hole Cosmology, Cosmological Inflation, Singularity Resolution, Quantum Repulsion Trigger, Lense-Thirring Frame-Dragging, Cosmic Vorticity, Galaxy Spin Asymmetry, Cosmological Anomalies, Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint, Bairn Universe Portal (BUP)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2026-11-04","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-11-04","dateType":"Submitted","dateInformation":"Initial preprint submission"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"CreativeWork","resourceTypeGeneral":"Preprint","citeproc":"article","bibtex":"misc","ris":"GEN","resourceType":""},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"HasVersion","relatedIdentifier":"10.5281/zenodo.23938421","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":"1.0.0","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"This paper presents a rigorous structural framework defining the multiverse as a partially ordered fractal network of multi-generational spacetime manifolds P = (U, \u003c). We demonstrate that the unphysical, infinite-curvature singularities predicted by classical General Relativity are resolved by recognizing the bairn Universe Portal (BUP) interface as a non-smooth, discrete geometric phase transition. By evaluating a hyper-massive stellar core collapse past atomic nuclear saturation thresholds (rho_sat approximately 2.8 x 10^17 kg/m^3), we model an intense, accelerated r-process nucleosynthesis that triggers a profound transuranic and superheavy actinide bottleneck (Z \u003e= 110). When the core scales approach the absolute physical limits enforced by the Heisenberg Uncertainty and Pauli Exclusion Principles, the combined kinetic and thermodynamic decay fields force a radical sign inversion of the localized pressure tensor (P -\u003e -rho c^2). This quantum repulsion trigger drives an initial exponential expansion mediated by the Maynard-Chapman-Xi Scaling Function f(tau) = Xi/tau, unrolling the coordinate infinity into the isotropic, outward-stretching inflation of a newborn descendant bairn universe expanding dynamically on the inside; this functional behavior draws fundamentally on the structural stability frameworks established by Chapman. Through the ironclad geometric rule of the Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint (Sum of Coefficients = 1), which utilizes the mapping mechanics of the algebraic projection plane, this explosive internal macro-expansion is temporally sequestered behind a stable, non-exploding horizon profile when viewed from the parent reference frame, guaranteeing flawless global energy conservation across scale tiers. The apparent stochasticity in stellar remnants noted by Burrows et al.—specifically the non-monotonic mapping of progenitor mass to neutron star or black hole horizons—is naturally resolved within the POBH framework. Rather than a localized hydrodynamic failure, the bifurcation between a successful core-collapse supernova and a total geometric transition represents a strict topological boundary condition defined by the Maynard Transition Coefficient. Progenitors situated on the fractal boundaries of these network inflection points exhibit the complex, non-linear evolutionary outcomes that classical, isolated stellar models fail to predict. Finally, we provide explicit multi-scale tomographic projection data models confirming that ancestral Lense-Thirring frame-dragging vectors print a systemic rotational template onto the network lineage. This architecture naturally accounts for persistent cosmological anomalies, including the observed 60.1% to 39.9% high-redshift galaxy spin asymmetry at Cosmic Dawn and the full-sky excess matter dipole.\n\nCrucially, this structural scale containment is definitively verified by recent 2026 observational data, providing the empirical lynchpin that establishes the physical reality of the poset lineage. First, precision data extracted from the newly finalized 2026 GWTC-5 comprehensive gravitational-wave catalog confirms that the macroscopic distribution of stellar-mass black hole boundaries traces the exact non-linear threshold envelopes predicted by our transuranic core transition equations. Second, high-precision results from space-based satellite tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle show that quantum atomic structures remain strictly locked inside standard free-fall geometries down to an unprecedented threshold of 0.005%, proving that deviations from classical General Relativity are completely sequestered behind the event horizon interface and mediated entirely by the Xi/x valve mechanism. The alignment between high-redshift galactic vorticity sweeps, spinning cosmic threads, and the hyper-extended matter dipole provides an empirical tri-factor confirming that our native universe layer has inherited a comprehensive rotational pedigree from its ancestral manifold, establishing the multiverse as a beautifully balanced, causally continuous node in an infinite, living fractal tapestry. "},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"Frequently Asked Questions: The Fractal Multiverse \u0026 The BUP Blueprint\n\n1. Does this theory mean Einstein’s Theory of Relativity is wrong?           \n\nNot at all—Einstein’s equations are absolutely pristine where we use them. Traditional physics works flawlessly across the visible cosmos. This framework leaves traditional physics completely alone in empty space, around planets, and throughout normal gravity fields. The Bairn Universe Portal (BUP) only activates under the absolute most extreme conditions imaginable—at the very center of a collapsing black hole where mass, energy, and information smash together beyond standard physical limits. It doesn't replace Einstein; it takes the baton from him right where his equations hit an infinite wall.\n\n2. What makes this different from other \"multiverse\" or \"parallel universe\" theories?\n\nMost multiverse models require you to invent extra \"magic\" ingredients to work—this blueprint does not. Other theories have to dream up thousands of hypothetical extra dimensions (like the \"1155-Vortex Cone\" model) or invisible negative matter to keep their math from exploding. This model stays strictly within the 11 dimensions already mathematically accepted by modern physics. While macro-gravity acts as the collapsing engine and space expansion provides the arena, the remaining dimensions are simply what we already experience every day to transmit the fundamental forces (like electromagnetism).\n\n3. What does a \"Bairn Birth\" look like from the other side of the portal?\n\nIt looks like the parent universe is shrinking away into an apparent singularity. To an observer standing on the \"other side\" inside the newly expanding descendant universe and looking backward, the massive parent spacetime doesn't vanish—it appears to compress down into a localized, fading boundary condition. Traditional physics looks at this boundary from the outside and misinterprets it as a dead-end, zero-volume point, but the POBH blueprint reveals it is actually a wide-open gateway.\n\n4. Are all the universes in the fractal tapestry exactly the same?\n\nNo, because of \"fractal drift,\" every descendant universe is a wee bit different. The Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint governs a natural, discrete fractal transition. Because of this, the tiny quantum variances that occur during the peak compression of a Bairn Birth act like genetic mutations. The newborn universe inherits the basic structural laws of the parent, but the fundamental constants drift slightly, making every single layer of the infinite tapestry entirely unique.\n\n5. If the fractal universe is \"jagged,\" why does space look so smooth to us?\n\nFor the same reason a crashing ocean wave looks smooth from an airplane, even though it's made of billions of individual, bouncing water molecules. At the deep, ultra-microscopic quantum scale, spacetime is a discrete, jagged network (a Partially Ordered Set, or Poset). But as you scale up to the macroscopic world we live in, the Unity Constraint ensures these jagged fractal parts converge seamlessly into the smooth, continuous universe we see around us.\n\n6. Is there actual physical proof for this, or is it just math?\n\nThe proof is arriving right now from our newest space telescopes and gravitational wave detectors. Traditional physics predicts that a dying black hole simply goes quiet as it settles down. This framework predicts that at the moment of peak collapse, you will see highly specific, discrete multi-tonal echoes during the ringdown phase. These sharp, high-frequency signals—recently mapped out in advanced catalogs like GWTC-5—are quite literally the newborn bairn's very first cry as a descendant universe snaps open to life behind the horizon.\n\n7. How do lopsided galaxy shapes and spin asymmetries prove a multiverse exists?\n\nBecause our Big Bang Universe is spinning in a preferred direction, proving it inherited its rotation from a parent universe. Standard Big Bang physics says the universe should be perfectly uniform, meaning galaxies should spin left or right in equal numbers. However, deep-space telescopes have revealed a real, non-random asymmetry—a structural bias in how galaxies rotate across massive scales. In a Partially Ordered Black Hole (POBH) framework, our cosmos isn't an isolated accident; it was born through a BUP valve. Just like water spiraling down a drain, the angular momentum of the parent spacetime is physically imprinted directly onto our expanding universe, leaving a permanent cosmic fingerprint in the orientation of our galaxies.\n\n8: What do the specific numbers—like 110,224, the primes 37 and 73, and the mass limits for Betelgeuse — actually mean in this model?\n\nThese numbers represent the absolute structural grid layout of the multiverse, replacing arbitrary fine-tuned constants with strict number-theoretic requirements. \n\n\n\nThe Scaffolding Constant (X_true = 110,224): This represents the perfect square base of the cosmic coordinate matrix (332²). Enforcing this exact integer framework completely wipes out the digital rounding drifts that cause infinite metric instabilities in standard relativity.\n\nThe Balancing Primes (37 and 73): These are pure number-theoretic anchors. Their sum (37 + 73 = 110) perfectly matches the transuranic and superheavy actinide atomic saturation bottleneck (Z ≥ 110) that halts black hole collapse, while their product (37 × 73 = 2,701) uniquely sets the boundary scale limits for new universes.\n\nThe Mass Splitting Vector (The Betelgeuse Example): When a giant progenitor star reaches its collapse threshold, the Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint dictates that its energy budget cannot be crushed into a point. For a star like Betelgeuse (~15.0 Solar Masses), exactly ~2.45% of its mass (~0.368 M_☉) is used to permanently stabilize and freeze the black hole's external event horizon in our universe. Meanwhile, the remaining ~97.55% (~14.632 M_☉) is cleanly phase-shifted by 90° into an internal trajectory, acting as the pristine \"Big Bang\" seed material to build a brand new bairn universe safely on the inside.","lang":"eng"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.23938420","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":3,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":1,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-11-04T06:57:49Z","registered":"2026-11-04T06:57:49Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-05T03:09:58Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"cern.zenodo","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5281/zenodo.23938421","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.23938421","identifiers":[{"identifier":"oai:zenodo.org:23938421","identifierType":"oai"}],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky Alumnus"},{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02erqft81","name":"Marshall University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"},{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/057bq1s94","name":"Fullerton College","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"},{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Danny D.","familyName":"Maynard","name":"Maynard, Danny D.","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Multiverse Structure Definition: A Partially Ordered Fractal Black Hole Architecture and the Resolution of  Standard Model Cosmological Anomalies"}],"publisher":"Zenodo","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"Multiverse, Fractal Spacetime, Partially Ordered Set, Poset Network, Black Hole Cosmology, Cosmological Inflation, Singularity Resolution, Quantum Repulsion Trigger, Lense-Thirring Frame-Dragging, Cosmic Vorticity, Galaxy Spin Asymmetry, Cosmological Anomalies, Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint, Bairn Universe Portal (BUP)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2026-11-04","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-11-04","dateType":"Submitted","dateInformation":"Initial preprint submission"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"CreativeWork","resourceTypeGeneral":"Preprint","citeproc":"article","bibtex":"misc","ris":"GEN","resourceType":""},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsVersionOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.5281/zenodo.23938420","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":"1.0.0","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"This paper presents a rigorous structural framework defining the multiverse as a partially ordered fractal network of multi-generational spacetime manifolds P = (U, \u003c). We demonstrate that the unphysical, infinite-curvature singularities predicted by classical General Relativity are resolved by recognizing the bairn Universe Portal (BUP) interface as a non-smooth, discrete geometric phase transition. By evaluating a hyper-massive stellar core collapse past atomic nuclear saturation thresholds (rho_sat approximately 2.8 x 10^17 kg/m^3), we model an intense, accelerated r-process nucleosynthesis that triggers a profound transuranic and superheavy actinide bottleneck (Z \u003e= 110). When the core scales approach the absolute physical limits enforced by the Heisenberg Uncertainty and Pauli Exclusion Principles, the combined kinetic and thermodynamic decay fields force a radical sign inversion of the localized pressure tensor (P -\u003e -rho c^2). This quantum repulsion trigger drives an initial exponential expansion mediated by the Maynard-Chapman-Xi Scaling Function f(tau) = Xi/tau, unrolling the coordinate infinity into the isotropic, outward-stretching inflation of a newborn descendant bairn universe expanding dynamically on the inside; this functional behavior draws fundamentally on the structural stability frameworks established by Chapman. Through the ironclad geometric rule of the Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint (Sum of Coefficients = 1), which utilizes the mapping mechanics of the algebraic projection plane, this explosive internal macro-expansion is temporally sequestered behind a stable, non-exploding horizon profile when viewed from the parent reference frame, guaranteeing flawless global energy conservation across scale tiers. The apparent stochasticity in stellar remnants noted by Burrows et al.—specifically the non-monotonic mapping of progenitor mass to neutron star or black hole horizons—is naturally resolved within the POBH framework. Rather than a localized hydrodynamic failure, the bifurcation between a successful core-collapse supernova and a total geometric transition represents a strict topological boundary condition defined by the Maynard Transition Coefficient. Progenitors situated on the fractal boundaries of these network inflection points exhibit the complex, non-linear evolutionary outcomes that classical, isolated stellar models fail to predict. Finally, we provide explicit multi-scale tomographic projection data models confirming that ancestral Lense-Thirring frame-dragging vectors print a systemic rotational template onto the network lineage. This architecture naturally accounts for persistent cosmological anomalies, including the observed 60.1% to 39.9% high-redshift galaxy spin asymmetry at Cosmic Dawn and the full-sky excess matter dipole.\n\nCrucially, this structural scale containment is definitively verified by recent 2026 observational data, providing the empirical lynchpin that establishes the physical reality of the poset lineage. First, precision data extracted from the newly finalized 2026 GWTC-5 comprehensive gravitational-wave catalog confirms that the macroscopic distribution of stellar-mass black hole boundaries traces the exact non-linear threshold envelopes predicted by our transuranic core transition equations. Second, high-precision results from space-based satellite tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle show that quantum atomic structures remain strictly locked inside standard free-fall geometries down to an unprecedented threshold of 0.005%, proving that deviations from classical General Relativity are completely sequestered behind the event horizon interface and mediated entirely by the Xi/x valve mechanism. The alignment between high-redshift galactic vorticity sweeps, spinning cosmic threads, and the hyper-extended matter dipole provides an empirical tri-factor confirming that our native universe layer has inherited a comprehensive rotational pedigree from its ancestral manifold, establishing the multiverse as a beautifully balanced, causally continuous node in an infinite, living fractal tapestry. "},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"Frequently Asked Questions: The Fractal Multiverse \u0026 The BUP Blueprint\n\n1. Does this theory mean Einstein’s Theory of Relativity is wrong?           \n\nNot at all—Einstein’s equations are absolutely pristine where we use them. Traditional physics works flawlessly across the visible cosmos. This framework leaves traditional physics completely alone in empty space, around planets, and throughout normal gravity fields. The Bairn Universe Portal (BUP) only activates under the absolute most extreme conditions imaginable—at the very center of a collapsing black hole where mass, energy, and information smash together beyond standard physical limits. It doesn't replace Einstein; it takes the baton from him right where his equations hit an infinite wall.\n\n2. What makes this different from other \"multiverse\" or \"parallel universe\" theories?\n\nMost multiverse models require you to invent extra \"magic\" ingredients to work—this blueprint does not. Other theories have to dream up thousands of hypothetical extra dimensions (like the \"1155-Vortex Cone\" model) or invisible negative matter to keep their math from exploding. This model stays strictly within the 11 dimensions already mathematically accepted by modern physics. While macro-gravity acts as the collapsing engine and space expansion provides the arena, the remaining dimensions are simply what we already experience every day to transmit the fundamental forces (like electromagnetism).\n\n3. What does a \"Bairn Birth\" look like from the other side of the portal?\n\nIt looks like the parent universe is shrinking away into an apparent singularity. To an observer standing on the \"other side\" inside the newly expanding descendant universe and looking backward, the massive parent spacetime doesn't vanish—it appears to compress down into a localized, fading boundary condition. Traditional physics looks at this boundary from the outside and misinterprets it as a dead-end, zero-volume point, but the POBH blueprint reveals it is actually a wide-open gateway.\n\n4. Are all the universes in the fractal tapestry exactly the same?\n\nNo, because of \"fractal drift,\" every descendant universe is a wee bit different. The Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint governs a natural, discrete fractal transition. Because of this, the tiny quantum variances that occur during the peak compression of a Bairn Birth act like genetic mutations. The newborn universe inherits the basic structural laws of the parent, but the fundamental constants drift slightly, making every single layer of the infinite tapestry entirely unique.\n\n5. If the fractal universe is \"jagged,\" why does space look so smooth to us?\n\nFor the same reason a crashing ocean wave looks smooth from an airplane, even though it's made of billions of individual, bouncing water molecules. At the deep, ultra-microscopic quantum scale, spacetime is a discrete, jagged network (a Partially Ordered Set, or Poset). But as you scale up to the macroscopic world we live in, the Unity Constraint ensures these jagged fractal parts converge seamlessly into the smooth, continuous universe we see around us.\n\n6. Is there actual physical proof for this, or is it just math?\n\nThe proof is arriving right now from our newest space telescopes and gravitational wave detectors. Traditional physics predicts that a dying black hole simply goes quiet as it settles down. This framework predicts that at the moment of peak collapse, you will see highly specific, discrete multi-tonal echoes during the ringdown phase. These sharp, high-frequency signals—recently mapped out in advanced catalogs like GWTC-5—are quite literally the newborn bairn's very first cry as a descendant universe snaps open to life behind the horizon.\n\n7. How do lopsided galaxy shapes and spin asymmetries prove a multiverse exists?\n\nBecause our Big Bang Universe is spinning in a preferred direction, proving it inherited its rotation from a parent universe. Standard Big Bang physics says the universe should be perfectly uniform, meaning galaxies should spin left or right in equal numbers. However, deep-space telescopes have revealed a real, non-random asymmetry—a structural bias in how galaxies rotate across massive scales. In a Partially Ordered Black Hole (POBH) framework, our cosmos isn't an isolated accident; it was born through a BUP valve. Just like water spiraling down a drain, the angular momentum of the parent spacetime is physically imprinted directly onto our expanding universe, leaving a permanent cosmic fingerprint in the orientation of our galaxies.\n\n8: What do the specific numbers—like 110,224, the primes 37 and 73, and the mass limits for Betelgeuse — actually mean in this model?\n\nThese numbers represent the absolute structural grid layout of the multiverse, replacing arbitrary fine-tuned constants with strict number-theoretic requirements. \n\n\n\nThe Scaffolding Constant (X_true = 110,224): This represents the perfect square base of the cosmic coordinate matrix (332²). Enforcing this exact integer framework completely wipes out the digital rounding drifts that cause infinite metric instabilities in standard relativity.\n\nThe Balancing Primes (37 and 73): These are pure number-theoretic anchors. Their sum (37 + 73 = 110) perfectly matches the transuranic and superheavy actinide atomic saturation bottleneck (Z ≥ 110) that halts black hole collapse, while their product (37 × 73 = 2,701) uniquely sets the boundary scale limits for new universes.\n\nThe Mass Splitting Vector (The Betelgeuse Example): When a giant progenitor star reaches its collapse threshold, the Maynard-Enoch Unity Constraint dictates that its energy budget cannot be crushed into a point. For a star like Betelgeuse (~15.0 Solar Masses), exactly ~2.45% of its mass (~0.368 M_☉) is used to permanently stabilize and freeze the black hole's external event horizon in our universe. Meanwhile, the remaining ~97.55% (~14.632 M_☉) is cleanly phase-shifted by 90° into an internal trajectory, acting as the pristine \"Big Bang\" seed material to build a brand new bairn universe safely on the inside.","lang":"eng"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.23938421","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":3,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":1,"created":"2026-11-04T06:57:48Z","registered":"2026-11-04T06:57:49Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-05T03:09:57Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"cern.zenodo","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm2q","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm2q","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute"}],"name":"Khodaverdi, Maryam","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-1656"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"West Virginia University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Price, Bradley","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Porterfield, Zachary","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01mzw6m29","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Nemours Children's Health System","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Bunnell, Timothy","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02h905004","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Christiana Care Health System","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Vest, Michael","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/043mer456","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Nebraska–Lincoln","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Anzalone, Jerrod","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"Owl Health Works"}],"name":"Harper, Jeremy","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute"}],"name":"Kimble, Wes","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/044pcn091","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Moradi, Hamidreza","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"West Virginia University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Hendricks, Brian","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/03d1wq758","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Maine Medical Center Research Institute","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Santangelo, Susan","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"West Virginia University","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Hodder, Sally","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"An ordinal severity scale for COVID-19 retrospective studies using electronic health record data"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2022,"subjects":[{"subject":"COVID-19 Ordinal Scale"},{"subject":"Electronic Health Record"},{"subject":"National COVID Cohort Collaborative"},{"subject":"N3C"},{"schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Computer and information sciences","subjectScheme":"fos"}],"contributors":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute"}],"name":"Khodaverdi, Maryam","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-1656"}],"contributorType":"ContactPerson"}],"dates":[{"date":"2022-07-01T21:37:04Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2022-07-01T21:37:04Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2022-07-02T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2022-07-02T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac066","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["11965 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"3","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"Objectives: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical\n Progression Scale for COVID-19 is useful in prospective clinical trials,\n it cannot be effectively used with retrospective Electronic Health Record\n (EHR) datasets. Modifying the existing WHO Clinical Progression Scale, we\n developed an ordinal severity scale (OS) and assessed its usefulness in\n the analyses of COVID-19 patient outcomes using retrospective EHR data.\n Results: The data set used in this analysis consists of 2,880,456\n patients. PCA of the day-to-day variation in OS levels over the totality\n of the 28-day period revealed contrasting patterns of variation in disease\n severity within the first and second 14 days and illustrated the\n importance of evaluation over the full 28-day period. Discussion: An OS\n with well-defined, robust features, based on discrete EHR data elements,\n is useful for assessments of COVID-19 patient outcomes, providing insights\n on progression of COVID-19 disease severity over time. Conclusion: The OS\n provides a framework which can facilitate better understanding of the\n course of acute COVID-19, informing clinical decision-making and resource\n allocation."},{"descriptionType":"Methods","description":"An OS was developed to assign COVID-19 disease severity using the\n Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model within the\n National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data enclave. We then evaluated\n usefulness of the developed OS using heterogenous EHR data from January\n 2020 to October 2021 submitted to N3C by 63 healthcare organizations\n across the United States. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was employed\n to characterize changes in disease severity among patients during the\n 28-day period following COVID-19 diagnosis."}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07","awardTitle":"Technologies and Resources for Core Laboratories","awardNumber":"5U54GM104942-10","awardUri":"https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/11171564"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54","awardTitle":"A National Center for Digital Health Informatics Innovation","awardNumber":"3U24TR002306-05S1","awardUri":"https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10464821"}],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.dncjsxm2q","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":9,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":260,"downloadCount":44,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":1,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2022-07-02T19:32:52Z","registered":"2022-07-02T19:32:53Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-02T20:36:02Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbwc","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbwc","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Lane, Andrew","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-5106"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Fan, Teresa","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Higashi, Richard","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Song, Huan","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Daneshmandi, Saeed","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Mahan, Angela","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Purdom, Matthew","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Pittman, Thomas","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"He, Daheng","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Wang, Chi","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Innate immune activation by checkpoint inhibition in patient-derived lung cancer tissues"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2021,"subjects":[{"subject":"Cancer Metabolism"}],"contributors":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Lane, Andrew","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1121-5106"}],"contributorType":"ContactPerson"},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Fan, Teresa","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Higashi, Richard","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Song, Huan","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Daneshmandi, Saeed","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Mahan, Angela","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Purdom, Matthew","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Pittman, Thomas","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"He, Daheng","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Wang, Chi","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2021-08-12T22:24:02Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2021-08-12T22:24:02Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.7554/elife.69578","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsSourceOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.5281/zenodo.5192373","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["1323752 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"4","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"Although Pembrolizumab-based immunotherapy has significantly improved lung\n cancer patient survival, many patients show variable efficacy and\n resistance development. A better understanding of the drug’s action is\n needed to improve patient outcomes. Functional heterogeneity of the tumor\n microenvironment (TME) is crucial to modulating drug resistance;\n understanding of individual patients’ TME that impacts drug response is\n hampered by lack of appropriate models. Lung organotypic tissue slice\n cultures (OTC) with patients’ native TME procured from primary and\n brain-metastasized (BM) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were\n treated with Pembrolizumab and/or beta-glucan (WGP, an innate immune\n activator). Metabolic tracing with 13C6-Glc/13C5,15N2-Gln, multiplex\n immunofluorescence (mIF), and digital spatial profiling (DSP) were\n employed to interrogate metabolic and functional responses to\n Pembrolizumab and/or WGP. Primary and BM PD-1+ lung cancer OTC responded\n to Pembrolizumab and Pembrolizumab + WGP treatments, respectively.\n Pembrolizumab activated innate immune metabolism and functions in primary\n OTC, which were accompanied by tissue damage. DSP analysis indicated an\n overall decrease in immunosuppressive macrophages and T cells but revealed\n microheterogeneity in immune responses and tissue damage. Two TMEs with\n altered cancer cell properties showed resistance. Pembrolizumab or WGP\n alone had negligible effects on BM-lung cancer OTC but Pembrolizumab + WGP\n blocked central metabolism with increased pro-inflammatory effector\n release and tissue damage. In depth metabolic analysis and multiplex TME\n imaging of lung cancer OTC demonstrated overall innate immune activation\n by Pembrolizumab but heterogeneous responses in the native TME of a\n patient with primary NSCLC. Metabolic and functional analysis also\n revealed synergistic action of Pembrolizumab and WGP in OTC of metastatic\n NSCLC."},{"descriptionType":"Methods","description":"The polar extracts were split for NMR and/or IC-UHR-FTMS analysis. 1D \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH and \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH(Albers et al.) heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR analyses were performed on a Bruker Avance III 16.45 T spectrometer or an Agilent 14.1 T DD2 spectrometer outfitted respectively with a 1.7 mm cryoprobe or a 3 mm coldprobe as described previously (K. Sellers et al., 2015). IC-UHR-FTMS analysis was done as described previously (T. W. Fan et al., 2016) on a Dionex ICS-5000 ion chromatography system coupled to a Thermo Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Fourier transform mass spectrometer with a mass resolving power of 370,000 at 400 m/z. Experimental details of sample preparation are provided in the manuscript (accepted)."},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"Data uploads of curated FT-MS data files as .xlsx pivot tables.\n One file per tissue type.\n UK2035_OTC_13C6Glc_WGP_Pembro_MS.xlsx : Patient number 2035\n (metaststic lung cancer) tissue slices treated with 13C glucose\n ±WGP, pembrolizumab. Mass spectrometry.\n UK096_Mf_WGP_6well_2d_pol_13C6Glc_MS.xlsx: Patient number 96\n macrophages ±WGP 2D culture.\n UK096_Mf_3d_pol_13C15NQ_MS.xlsx: : Patient number 96 macrophages\n ±WGP 3D culture. UK131_OTC_13C6Glc_MS_data.xlsx:\n Patient number 131 tissue slices 13C Glucose tracer.\n UK131_OTC_13C15N_MS_data.xlsx : Patient number 131 tissue\n slices 13C, 15N Glutamine trace."}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Cancer Institute","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","awardTitle":"\n        Determining Tumor Metabolism and Biochemical Mechanism of beta-glucan\n        Action in \n      ","awardNumber":"1P01CA163223-01A1","awardUri":"https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8458685"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73","awardTitle":"Resource Center for Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics","awardNumber":"1U24DK097215-01A1","awardUri":"https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8620940"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07","awardNumber":"5P20GM121327"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"National Cancer Institute","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","awardTitle":"University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center – Cancer Center Support Grant","awardNumber":"5P30CA177558-13","awardUri":"https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/11146675"}],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.n5tb2rbwc","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":13,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":388,"downloadCount":59,"referenceCount":1,"citationCount":1,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2021-08-31T02:28:46Z","registered":"2021-08-31T02:28:47Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-02T20:19:04Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.13023/etd.2026.456","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.13023/etd.2026.456","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"givenName":"Faith","familyName":"Boa","name":"Boa, Faith","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6177-7299"}]}],"titles":[{"titleType":null,"lang":null,"title":"Effects of emerald ash borer specific gene silencing using RNA interference on soil communities"}],"publisher":"University of Kentucky Libraries","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"classificationCode":"4.5","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Other agricultural sciences","valueUri":null,"lang":null,"subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text","citeproc":"article-journal","bibtex":"article","ris":"RPRT","resourceType":"Master's Thesis"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"The emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is an invasive wood- boring beetle from Asia that primarily feeds on ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Since its invasion of North America, EAB threatens the functional extinction of ash with damages and management costs projected to reach $900 million by 2054. Current management strategies have been insufficient to prevent EAB’s spread, highlighting the need to advance innovative approaches like RNAi, which has demonstrated efficacy against EAB in laboratory and greenhouse trials. Double-stranded RNA targeting heat shock 70-kDa protein (hsp) induces EAB mortality, systematically disperses and persists in planta, and causes no phenotypic effects for several ash-associated insects. We evaluated the environmental and nontarget effects of dsHSP, focusing on soil communities. In laboratory soil incubation assays, dsHSP was recovered up to 8 h post-treatment. Exposure of the collembolan Folsomia candida to dsHSP-treated soil had no effects on adult survival or body length, but increased reproduction. Field foliar applications of dsHSP on ash trees produced no consistent effect on collembolan abundance, while Shannon diversity, hymenopteran, and acarian abundance were minimally impacted. dsHSP was not recovered from soil near treated trees, validating our field design. In the laboratory, soil prokaryotes showed little response in community diversity or composition.","lang":null},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"© 2026 Faith S. Boa","lang":null}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID","funderName":"Southern Research Station","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100017080","awardTitle":null,"awardNumber":"24-JV-11330101-108","awardUri":null},{"funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID","funderName":"University of Kentucky","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100007472","awardTitle":null,"awardNumber":"23-DG-11083150-122","awardUri":null},{"funderIdentifierType":"Crossref Funder ID","funderName":"Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station","funderIdentifier":"https://doi.org/10.13039/100011136","awardTitle":null,"awardNumber":"2352657000","awardUri":null}],"url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/677/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"fabricaForm","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2026-11-02T18:48:23Z","registered":"2026-11-02T19:02:35Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-02T19:02:35Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"uky.lib","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj77b","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj77b","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Mackevicius-Dubickaja, Virginija","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Gottlieb, Yuval","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Kentucky","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"White, Jennifer","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-561X"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/047426m28","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Doremus, Matthew","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-560X"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"Data from: Wolbachia feminises a spider host with assistance from co-infecting symbionts"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[{"schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subject":"Symbiosis","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subject":"Wolbachia","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Feminization"},{"subject":"reproductive manipulation"},{"schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subject":"Co-infections","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subject":"Spiders","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"}],"contributors":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[{"affiliationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/047426m28","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","affiliationIdentifierScheme":"ROR"}],"name":"Doremus, Matthew","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-560X"}],"contributorType":"ContactPerson"}],"dates":[{"date":"2025-06-13T17:57:09Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2025-07-08T17:04:57Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1101/2025.02.13.638118","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1111/1462-2920.70149","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["37728 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"5","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"Arthropods commonly harbor maternally-transmitted bacterial symbionts that\n manipulate host biology. Multiple heritable symbionts can co-infect the\n same individual, allowing these host-restricted bacteria to engage in\n cooperation or conflict, which can ultimately affect host phenotype. The\n spider Mermessus fradeorum is variably infected with up to five heritable\n symbionts: Rickettsiella (R), Tisiphia (T), and three strains of Wolbachia\n (W1-3). Quintuply infected spiders are feminized, causing genetic males to\n develop as phenotypic females and produce almost exclusively female\n offspring. We compared feminization rates (proportion of female offspring\n out of total) across nine infection combinations. We also compared\n feminization rates across a subset of three infection types (Uninfected,\n RTW1, and RTW123) in a second iteration of the experiment to validate\n coinfection effects on feminization strength observed in the first\n iteration of the feminization experiment. In both experiments we found\n that the Wolbachia strain W1 was required for feminization and this\n phenotype was strongest in quintuply infected spiders, implying a\n synergistic effect of coinfection on W1 feminization. Using digital PCR\n (dPCR), we estimated the amount of symbionts in different infection\n combinations to determine if a) symbiont titer changes across\n coinfections, and b) if W1 titer correlates with feminization strength. We\n extraction the DNA of adult females from the first feminization experiment\n and use species specific dPCR primers to analyze titer. We found limited\n changes in symbiont titer in different symbiont co-infections, suggestive\n of subtle effects of co-infection on the composition of the symbiont\n community. The synergistic effect of co-infection on Wolbachia\n feminization may help promote the spread of all five symbionts in spider\n populations. These results confirm the first instance of Wolbachia-induced\n feminization in spiders and demonstrate that co-infecting symbionts can\n improve the efficacy of symbiont-induced feminization."},{"descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo","description":"# Data from: Wolbachia feminises a spider host with assistance from\n co-infecting symbionts Dataset DOI:\n [10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj77b](10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj77b) ## Description of the\n data and file structure This README file was generated on 2025-06-11 by\n Matthew Doremus. GENERAL INFORMATION 1\\. Title of Dataset: Wolbachia\n feminises its spider host with assistance from co-infecting symbionts 2\\.\n Author Information ``` A. Principal Contact Information Name: Matthew\n Doremus Institution: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Address:\n Urbana, IL USA Email: mdoremus@illinois.edu B. Co-investigator Contact\n Information Name: Jen White Institution: University of Kentucky Address:\n Lexington, KY USA Email: jenawhite@uky.edu C. Co-investigator Contact\n Information Name: Yuval Gottlieb Institution: Hebrew University of\n Jerusalem Address: Rehovot, Israel Email: gottlieb.yuval@mail.huji.ac.il\n ``` 3\\. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date):\n 2022-24 4\\. Geographic location of data collection: Lexington, KY, USA\n (sex ratio experiments), Rehovot, Israel (digital PCR) 5\\. Information\n about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: National\n Science Foundation (NSF) 1953223; Bi-national USA-Israel, Science\n Foundation (BSR) 201697; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S.\n Department of Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) under Hatch 1020740 and 7007679;\n USDA-NIFA Fellowship 2023-67012-39352; Israel Science Foundation (ISF)\n 2809/23 Foundation SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION 1\\. Licenses/restrictions\n placed on the data: 2\\. Links to publications that cite or use the data:\n [https://doi-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/10.1111/1462-2920.70149](https://doi-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/10.1111/1462-2920.70149) 3\\. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None 4\\. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: None 5\\. Was data derived from another source? No ``` A. If yes, list source(s): NA ``` 6\\. Recommended citation for this dataset: Mackevicius-Dubickaja, V., Y. Gottlieb, J. A. White, and M. R. Doremus. 2025. “ *Wolbachia* Feminises a Spider Host With Assistance From Co-Infecting Symbionts.” *Environmental Microbiology* 27, no. 7: e70149. [https://doi-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/10.1111/1462-2920.70149](https://doi-org.proxy2.library.illinois.edu/10.1111/1462-2920.70149). ### Files and variables #### 1. File List: A) Sex_ratio1.csv B) Sex_ratio2.csv C) dPCR.csv 2\\. Relationship between files, if important: Spider samples used in dPCR were the same females used in Sex_ratio1.csv. These samples share the same IDs in both experiments. Sex_ratio1.csv and Sex_ratio2.csv correspond with two independent experiments testing whether different symbiont combinations feminize their spider host. 3\\. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: None 4\\. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? No ``` A. If yes, name of file(s) that was updated: NA i. Why was the file updated? NA ii. When was the file updated? NA ``` \\######################################################################### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Sex_ratio1.csv 1\\. Number of variables: 5 2\\. Number of cases/rows: 116 3\\. Variable List: * Female_ID: Code unique to each spider sample comrised of Infection (see below)+Replicate. * Female_Infection: Symbionts present in spider. U = uninfected (no symbiont), R = Rickettsiella (+), T = Tisiphia (+), W = Wolbachia (+). Spiders can have up to 3 strains of Wolbachia, strains are denoted by number (W1 = Wolbachia strain 1) * Female_Offspring: number of females that spider produced in their brood * Male_Offspring: number of males that spider produced in their brood * Total_Offspring: total number of offspring that spider produced in their brood * SR: sex ratio (Female_Offspring/Total_Offspring) 4\\. Missing data codes: None 5\\. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None \\######################################################################### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Sex_ratio2.csv 1\\. Number of variables: 5 2\\. Number of cases/rows: 37 3\\. Variable List: * Female_ID: Female_ID: Code unique to each spider sample comrised of Infection (see below)+Replicate. * Female_Infection: Symbionts present in spider. CC = uninfected (no symbiont), 3C = RTW1 (triple infection), 5C = RTW123 (quintuple infection) * Female_Offspring: number of females that spider produced in their brood * Male_Offspring: number of males that spider produced in their brood * Total_Offspring: total number of offspring that spider produced in their brood * SR: sex ratio (Female_Offspring/Total_Offspring) 4\\. Missing data codes: NA (data not available) 5\\. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: None \\######################################################################### DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: dPCR.csv Digital PCR (dPCR) was used to estimate the amount of symbionts cells in each female spider that laid egg masses. Spiders were collected from the same experiment as Sex_ratio1.csv and keep the same ID. 1\\. Number of variables: 44 2\\. Number of cases/rows: 108 3\\. Variable List: * Female_ID: Code unique to each spider sample comrised of Infection (see below)+Replicate. Same individuals were used in Sex_ratio1.csv * Infection: Spiders had a combination of five heritable bacteria (symbionts): U = uninfected (no symbiont), R = Rickettsiella (+), T = Tisiphia (+), W = Wolbachia (+). Spiders can have up to 3 strains of Wolbachia, strains are denoted by number (W1 = Wolbachia strain 1) * Conc[cp/uL]: Concentration of DNA copies per microliter of sample - conc is presented for the host gene (18S) and each symbiont * valid: number of partitions ran in dPCR cycle - presented for the host gene (18S) and each symbiont * Positive: number of positive dPCR partitions - presented for the host gene (18S) and each symbiont * Negative: number of negative dPCR partitions (DNA not amplified) - presented for the host gene (18S) and each symbiont * λ : Value of the expectation for positive events (λ = -ln(Valid-Positive/Valid))) - presented for the host gene (18S) and each symbiont * CI (95%): Confidence interval for partions (samples with less than 100 unexpected positive partions and a high CI were considered negative) - presented for the host gene (18S) and each symbiont * M.fradeorum_18S_12ng: Original concentration of M. fradeorum (spider) 18S copies accounting for dilution factor. Only the host has this variable (replaced by symbiont titer for symbionts) * Symbiont titer: Final estimation of titer for normalized to M.fradeorum_18S_12ng value for that spider. Titer is presented for each symbiont. Symbionts used different single copy genes as targets for dPCR: Rickettsiella = recA, Tisiphia = rpoB, Wolbachia = wsp (with primers specific to each Wolbachia strain). 4\\. Missing data codes: N/A (data not applicable) 5\\. Specialized formats or other abbreviations used: Data sheet has sections for each symbiont with the above variable list: * *M fradeorum* (spider host) - columns C-I * *Rickettsiella* - J-P * *Tisiphia* - Q-W * *Wolbachia* 1 - X-AD * *Wolbachia* 2 - AE-AK * *Wolbachia* 3 - AL-AR"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Division of Environmental Biology","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/03g87he71","awardTitle":"\n        NSFDEB-BSF: Uneasy alliances: emergent properties and feedback\n        mechanisms among manipulative endosymbiotic communities\n      ","awardNumber":"1953223"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00j8z2m73","awardNumber":"201697"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"United States Department of Agriculture","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","awardNumber":"1020740"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"United States Department of Agriculture","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","awardNumber":"7007679"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"United States Department of Agriculture","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","awardNumber":"2023-67012-39352"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Israel Science Foundation","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24","awardNumber":"2809/23"}],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.f4qrfj77b","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":1,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":31,"downloadCount":4,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":2,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2025-08-14T21:52:15Z","registered":"2025-08-14T21:52:16Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-11-02T18:53:35Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}}],"meta":{"total":6645,"totalPages":266,"page":1},"links":{"self":"https://api.datacite.org/dois?affiliation=true\u0026affiliation-id=02k3smh20","next":"https://api.datacite.org/dois?affiliation-id=02k3smh20\u0026affiliation=true\u0026page%5Bnumber%5D=2\u0026page%5Bsize%5D=25"}}