10.7291/D15Q4X
Kustra, Matthew
0000-0002-1144-7030
University of California, Santa Cruz
Carrier, Tyler
0000-0001-7885-184X
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
On the spread of microbes that manipulate reproduction in marine invertebrates
Dryad
dataset
2021
FOS: Biological sciences
2022-05-02T00:00:00Z
2022-05-02T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1086/720282
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6496293
517067825 bytes
10
CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Bacterial symbionts are functionally integral to animal reproduction and
development, some of which have evolved additional mechanisms to override
these host programs. One habitat that is increasingly recognized to
contain phylogenetically related lineages of reproductive manipulators is
the ocean. The reproduction of marine invertebrates often occurs by
free-spawning instead of by the physical contact of copulation in
terrestrial systems. We developed an integrated model to understand
whether and when microbes that manipulate host reproduction by cytoplasmic
incompatibility, feminization, and male killing spread within populations
of free-spawning marine invertebrates. Our model support three primary
findings. First, sex ratio distortion leads to suboptimal fertilization
and zygote production in planktotrophs (feeding larvae), but enhance these
processes in lecithotrophs (nonfeeding larvae). Second, feminization and a
combination of male killing plus enhanced growth are effective at
spreading reproductive manipulators while also inducing a female-biased
sex ratio. Third, the majority of free-spawning marine invertebrates could
be infected across a range of life-history combinations, with infections
harming species with smaller eggs and longer pelagic durations while
benefiting species with larger eggs and shorter pelagic durations.
Together, this supports the general premise that microbes may manipulate
the reproduction of free-spawning marine invertebrates (e.g., by inducing
changes in developmental life-history) and that these types of
manipulations overlap considerably with terrestrial systems.
Data used in the analyses as well as files generated by simulations. The
code that uses and/or produces these data files is found in Zenodo and/or
GitHub.