10.5061/DRYAD.XSJ3TX99Q
Saenz-Agudelo, Pablo
0000-0001-8197-2861
Austral University of Chile
Emms, Madeleine
University of Cambridge
Giles, Emily
Austral University of Chile
Gatins, Remy
University of California, Santa Cruz
Nanninga, Gerrit
University of Cambridge
Scott, Anna
Southern Cross University
Hobbs, Jean Paul
Curtin University
Frisch, Ashley
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
Mills, Suzanne
Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement
Beldade, Ricardo
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
Berumen, Michael
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Data from: Comparative phylogeography of three host sea anemones in the
Indo-Pacific
Dryad
dataset
2020
Actiniaria
Cnidaria
Indo-Pacific
2020-11-19T00:00:00Z
2020-11-19T00:00:00Z
en
121353 bytes
3
CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Aim The mutualistic relationship between anemones and anemonefishes is one
of the most iconic examples of symbiosis. However, while anemonefishes
have been extensively studied in terms of genetic connectivity, such
information is lacking entirely for host sea anemones. Here, we provide
the first information on the broad-scale population structure and
phylogeographic patterns of three species of host sea anemone, Heteractis
magnifica, Stichodactyla mertensii, and Entacmaea quadricolor. We evaluate
if there is concordance in genetic structure across several distinct
biogeographic areas within the Indo-Pacific region and to what extent the
observed patterns may concur with those found for anemonefishes. Location
Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea. Taxon Heteractis
magnifica, Stichodactyla mertensii, and Entacmaea quadricolor Methods
Microsatellite markers and a combination of statistical methods
includingBayesian clustering, Isolation by Distance (IBD), Analysis of
Molecular Variance (AMOVA), and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were
used to determine population structure. The congruence among distance
matrices method (CADM) was used to assess similarity in spatial genetic
patterns among species. Results Significant population structure was
identified in the three host anemone species. Each species is likely
composed of at least two genetic clusters corresponding to two
biogeographic regions, the Red Sea and the rest of the Indo-Pacific. Two
of the three anemone species seem to be experiencing admixture where the
two main clusters overlap (the Maldives). IBD analyses in the Red Sea
revealed differences in gene flow among species, suggesting more limited
dispersal potential for E. quadricolorthan forS. mertensiiand H.
magnifica. Clonality is documented in S. mertensii for the first time.
Main conclusions This research documents the genetic population structure
for three ecologically important host sea anemones across the Indo-Pacific
and provides valuable insights regarding their biogeography and evolution.
Specifically, we found high levels of genetic divergence between
populations across different biogeographic regions, suggesting different
evolutionary lineages within species. At the same time, common geographic
overlap of population structures suggests similar evolutionary histories
among all three species. Interestingly, the observed patterns are
congruent to some extent with structure reported for several anemonefish
species, reflecting their close ecological association.
The final datasets consisted of multilocus genotypes for 205 H.
magnifica individuals, 122 S. mertensiiindividuals, and 249 E.
quadricolor individuals. For each species two sheets are provided. One
that includes all specimens including clones (WITH CLONES) and one for
which only one representative of each clone was included (NO CLONES). The
genotypes for each microsatellite are given in base pairs. A tentacle of
each specimens was collected using dissecting scissors and forceps whilst
SCUBA diving at 42 sites across the Indo-Pacific and Red Sea. Specimens
were placed in 2 ml vials and stored in 96% ethanol. All forward
sequences were labelled with a fluorescent dye (6-FAM, NED, PET, VIC). PCR
conditions followed the Qiagen PCR Multiplex kit protocol with
modifications as in Gatins et al. (2018); a total of 10 µL was used for
each individual reaction mix, including 5 µL of Multiplex PCR MasterMix
(Qiagen), 1 µL of primers (2 µM; see Table S1, Supporting information),
3.3 µL of water and 0.7 µL DNA (50-150 ng/µL). The thermocycler conditions
for PCR amplifications were: 95 ºC for 15 min, then 25 cycles of 94 ºC for
30 s, annealing at a locus-specific temperature (57/60 ºC, see Table S1,
Supporting information) for 90 s, and an extension at 72 °C for 60 s, with
a final extension set at 60 °C for 30 min. Further details regarding
microsatellite and PCR protocols can be found in Gatins et al. (2018).
Final PCR products of 10 µL were diluted with 130 µL MilliQ water before
being sent for fragment size analysis using a GeneScan 500-LIZ size
standard and an ABI 3730xl genetic analyser (Applied Biosystems, USA) in
the Biosciences CORE laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science and
Technology, Saudi Arabia. Genotyping was completed using Geneious v.
8.1.6 Gatins, R., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Scott, A., & Berumen, M.
L. (2018). Development and characterization of new polymorphic
microsatellite markers in four sea anemones: Entacmaea
quadricolor, Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla gigantea,
and Stichodactyla mertensii. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1283–1290.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0576-0