10.5061/DRYAD.S049S
Price, Samantha Ann
University of California, Davis
Tavera, Jose J.
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas
Near, Thomas J.
Yale University
Wainwright, Peter C.
University of California, Davis
Data from: Elevated rates of morphological and functional diversification
in reef-dwelling haemulid fishes.
Dryad
dataset
2012
2012-07-26T18:29:03Z
2012-07-26T18:29:03Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01773.x
726414 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
The relationship between habitat complexity and species richness is well
established but comparatively little is known about the evolution of
morphological diversity in complex habitats. Reefs are structurally
complex, highly productive shallow-water marine ecosystems found in
tropical (coral reefs) and temperate zones (rocky reefs) which harbor
exceptional levels of biodiversity. We investigated whether reef habitats
promote the evolution of morphological diversity in the feeding and
locomotion systems of grunts (Haemulidae), a group of predominantly
nocturnal fishes that live on both temperate and tropical reefs. Using
phylogenetic comparative methods and statistical analyses that take into
account uncertainty in phylogeny and the evolutionary history of
reef-living we demonstrate that rates of morphological evolution are
faster in reef-dwelling haemulids. The magnitude of this effect depends on
the type of trait; on average, traits involved in the functional systems
for prey capture and processing evolve twice as fast on reefs as locomotor
traits. This result, along with the observation that haemulids do not
exploit unique feeding niches on reefs, suggests that fine-scale trophic
niche partitioning and character displacement may be driving higher rates
of morphological evolution. Whatever the cause, there is growing evidence
that reef habitats stimulate morphological and functional diversification
in teleost fishes.
500 Haemulidae phylogeniesThese are the sample of 500 trees from the
posterior distribution generated by BEAST that we used throughout the
analyses. The nucleotide dataset was 2909 bp long and consisted of partial
sequences of three mtDNA genes (16S rRNA, COI, and cytb) and two nuclear
genes (RAG2 and S7 ribosomal protein intron 1). Relative divergence times
of the sampled haemulid species were estimated using an uncorrelated
lognormal (UCLN) model of molecular evolutionary rate heterogeneity
implemented in the computer program BEAST v. 1.6.1 (Drummond et al. 2006;
Drummond and Rambaut 2007). Each gene was treated as a separate data
partition and for the protein coding genes (COI, cytb, and RAG1) we
applied three partitions that corresponded to three codon
positions.Trees4dryad.txtHaemulidae morphological dataUsing 127 specimens
from 50 haemulid species we measured 24 functional morphological traits
related to feeding (11 traits) and locomotion (13 traits). These feeding
traits included the mass of the jaw-closing adductor mandibulae muscle,
(AM mass) the mechanical advantage of jaw closing (close ratio) and
opening (open ratio), the length of the ascending process of the
premaxilla bone which indicates the capacity for upper jaw protrusion, the
length of longest gill raker on the ceratohyal of the first gill arch, and
the diameter of the eye. In addition we calculated suction index, a
morphologically-based estimate of the capacity to generate suction
pressure during prey capture, by combining measures of buccal cavity
length, buccal cavity with, head width, head height, and head length. The
thirteen traits related to the body shape and locomotion included body
fineness ratio, which for fish bodies is thought to be negatively
correlated with drag exerted on the body. The size and shape of propulsive
surfaces was measured by caudal fin aspect ratio and length of the base of
the spiny and soft dorsal and anal fins, the average spine length of the
spiny dorsal fin, and the perimeter and area of the caudal peduncle. In
addition we measured maximum body width, maximum body depth, the body
position of maximum body depth expressed as a fraction of fish standard
length, and the horizontal and vertical position of the anterior-dorsal
pectoral fin base expressed as fractions of standard length and maximum
body depth.Dataset4dryad.txt