10.5061/DRYAD.RN539
Fujii, Takuma
Kagoshima University
University of the Ryukyus
Reimer, James Davis
University of the Ryukyus
Data from: A new solitary free-living species of the genus Sphenopus
(Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoantharia: Sphenopidae) from Okinawa-jima Island,
Japan
Dryad
dataset
2017
Sphenopus
free-living
identification key
Holocene
Anthozoa
Zoantharia
Sphenopidae
Exilis
Brachycnemina
enclosed bay
Cnidaria
Hexacorallia
2017-06-30T00:00:00Z
2017-06-30T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.606.9310
6912297 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
A new species of free-living solitary zoantharian is described from
Okinawa, Japan. Sphenopus exilis sp. n. occurs on silty seafloors in Kin
Bay and Oura Bay on the east coast of Okinawa-jima Island. Sphenopus
exilis sp. n. is easily distinguished from other Sphenopus species by its
small polyp size and slender shape, although there were relatively few
differences between Sphenopus exilis sp. n. and S. marsupialis in the
molecular phylogenetic analyses. Currently, very little is known about the
ecology and diversity of Sphenopus species. Thus, reviewing each species
carefully via combined morphological and molecular analyses by using newly
obtained specimens from type localities is required to clearly understand
and distinguish the species within the genus Sphenopus.
Table 1_ReCnidae types and sizes in different tissue sections of the
holotype of Sphenopus exilis sp. n.Fig. 2 re2olyps of Sphenopus exilis sp.
n. A. In situ image of S. exilis sp. n., polyp with no black patterns,
from the type locality in Kin Bay, Okinawa, Japan on 29 October 2011. B.
Polyps of NSMT-Co1576 & NSMT-Co1577 from Kin Bay, Okinawa-jima
Island, Japan. The white circle points to the holotype. C. In situ image
of NSMT-Co1578 from Oura Bay, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, on 13 November
2012. Faint black patterns and bands appear on the oral disc and the
tentacles. D. Polyps of lot number NSMT-Co1578 showing phenotypic
variation with black stripes on the upper part of the polyps. Scale bars:
1 cm.Fig. 3Morphological features of Sphenopus exilis sp. n. A. Cross
section of holotype NSMT-Co1576 through the actinopharynx showing the
mesenterial arrangement and dense sand encrustations. B. Well-developed
mesogleal sphincter muscles visible on a hand-cut longitudinal section of
the holotype NSMT-Co1576. C. Comparison of polyp shape between S. exilis
sp. n. NSMT-Co1577 and S. marsupialis (from Brunei, refer to Reimer et al.
2012).Fig4Maximum likelihood tree of nuclear internal transcribed spacer
of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA) region for newly obtained sequences from
Sphenopus exilis sp. n. in this study along with previously published
GenBank sequences of family Sphenopidae. Bootstrap values of ML
>60% are shown at respective nodes. Nodes supported by Bayesian
posterior probabilities >0.90 are marked with asterisks. Species
names’ of sequences obtained from GenBank follow with accession numbers.
The subtree shown in b) shows only the clade formed by genus Sphenopus,
Palythoa mizigama and P. umbrosa, delineated by the gray square in a).
Japan
Okinawa
Ryukyu islands