10.5061/DRYAD.HM63867
Brans, Kristien I.
KU Leuven
De Meester, Luc
KU Leuven
Data from: City life on fast lanes: urbanization induces an evolutionary
shift towards a faster life style in the water flea Daphnia
Dryad
dataset
2019
performance
urban ecology and evolution
Phenotypic Trajectory Analysis
eco-evolutionary partitioning
urban heat islands
Daphnia magna
2019-07-02T00:00:00Z
2019-07-02T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13184
267697 bytes
1
CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Multiple species show significant trait shifts in response to
urbanization. Yet, the impact of anthropogenic warming linked to the urban
heat island effect is remarkably understudied. Additionally the relative
contributions of phenotypic plasticity and genetic change underlying trait
shifts in response to urbanization are poorly known. A common garden study
with the water flea Daphnia magna revealed that both genetic
differentiation in response to urbanization and phenotypic plasticity in
response to higher rearing temperature (24 °C) induced significant
parallel multivariate shifts in life history strategy along the slow-fast
pace-of-life axis. Urban animals and animals reared at higher temperatures
are characterized by fast maturation, early release of progeny, a smaller
size at maturity, increased fecundity, and higher performance (given by
maximal population growth rate r) compared to genotypes isolated from
rural ponds and animals reared at lower temperatures respectively.
Evolution in response to urbanization accounted for 30% of the total
observed shift in life history and caused a significant change in mean
trait values, while plasticity responses to experimental warming were
unaltered between urban and rural populations. The total trait change
achieved through both plasticity and evolution ranged from 8 to 56%
depending on the trait. Our results provide clear evidence for evolution
underlying an increase in pace-of-life of populations in response to
urbanization. Given the pivotal role of Daphnia in aquatic ecosystems,
this shift potentially feeds back to population structure, top-down
control of algae, and food web dynamics in urban freshwater ecosystems.
Additionally, we argue that adaptation to urban heat islands might render
these populations pre-adapted in a context of future climate change.
BransDeMeester_FE_data_UrbanizationPaceOfLifeData include life history
data and physiological data reported in Brans et al., 2018, Functional
Ecology (City life on fast lanes: urbanization induces an evolutionary
shift towards a faster life style in the water flea Daphnia), as wel as
Brans et al., 2018, Proceedings B (Urbanization drives genetic
differentiation in physiology and structures the evolution of pace-of-life
syndromes in the water flea Daphnia magna).DATASET_lavaan_SEM_2017.csv
Flanders (Belgium)