10.5061/DRYAD.GF643
Blanke, Alexander
University of Hull
Rühr, Peter T.
Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig
Mokso, Rajmund
Paul Scherrer Institute
Villanueva, Pablo
Paul Scherrer Institute
Wilde, Fabian
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research
Stampanoni, Marco
Paul Scherrer Institute
Uesugi, Kentaro
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Machida, Ryuichiro
University of Tsukuba
Misof, Bernhard
Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig
Data from: Structural mouthpart interaction evolved already in the
earliest lineages of insects
Dryad
dataset
2015
Functional morphology
Diplura
microCT
Entognatha
2015-07-01T14:08:10Z
2015-07-01T14:08:10Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1033
95705048 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
In butterflies, bees, flies and true bugs specific mouthparts are in close
contact or even fused to enable piercing, sucking or sponging of
particular food sources. The common phenomenon behind these mouthpart
types is a complex composed of several consecutive mouthparts which
structurally interact during food uptake. The single mouthparts are thus
only functional in conjunction with other adjacent mouthparts, which is
fundamentally different to biting–chewing. It is, however, unclear when
structural mouthpart interaction (SMI) evolved since this principle
obviously occurred multiple times independently in several extant and
extinct winged insect groups. Here, we report a new type of SMI in two of
the earliest wingless hexapod lineages—Diplura and Collembola. We found
that the mandible and maxilla interact with each other via an articulatory
stud at the dorsal side of the maxillary stipes, and they are furthermore
supported by structures of the hypopharynx and head capsule. These
interactions are crucial stabilizing elements during food uptake. The
presence of SMI in these ancestrally wingless insects, and its absence in
those crustacean groups probably ancestral to insects, indicates that SMI
is a groundplan apomorphy of insects. Our results thus contradict the
currently established view of insect mouthpart evolution that
biting–chewing mouthparts without any form of SMI are the ancestral
configuration. Furthermore, SMIs occur in the earliest insects in a high
anatomical variety. SMIs in stemgroup representatives of insects may have
triggered efficient exploitation and fast adaptation to new terrestrial
food sources much earlier than previously supposed.
_Movie_S1a_Diplura_mouthpart_movement_Movie_S1b_Collembole_mouthpart_movementMovie S1b: Video showing the mandible movement in P. flavescens (Collembola) (1st half) and TIFF image stack of the reconstructed microCT dataset of P. flavescens (2nd half). Note the original dataset of the TIFF image stack is 2536x2536 pixel with 2048 single images. The image stack was reduced in size but is available upon request.File_S2_Coll_Diplura_md_mx_details+taxon_samplingFile S2: PDF file with taxon sampling, details of the structural mouthpart interactions in Collembola and Diplura, and a description of their mandibular and maxillary musculature equipment and its function._3D_model_S3_Diplura_Mandible3D model S3: 3D model of the mandible-maxilla-hypopharynx complex of Atlasjapyx cf atlas in .wrl format for import into the program Meshlab or other animation programs._3D_model_S4_Collembola_Mandible3D model S4: 3D model of the mandible-maxilla-hypopharynx complex of Pogonognathellus flavescens in .wrl-format for import into the program Meshlab or other animation programs._3D_model_S5_Protura_Mandible3D model S5: 3D model of the mandible-maxilla-hypopharynx complex of Acerentomon sp. (Protura) in .wrl-format for import into the program Meshlab or other animation programs.