10.5061/DRYAD.DC25R
Reeves, Mari K.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Medley, Kimberly A.
University of Colorado Boulder
Pinkney, Alfred E.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Holyoak, Marcel
University of California, Davis
Johnson, Pieter T. J.
University of Colorado Boulder
Lannoo, Michael J.
Indiana University Bloomington
Data from: Localized hotspots drive continental geography of abnormal
amphibians on U.S. wildlife refuges
Dryad
dataset
2014
Bufo americanus
Acris blanchardi
Hyla chrysocelis or versicolor
Lithobates pipiens Lithobates sphenocephalus Lithobates sylvaticus
Hyla cinerea
Anaxyrus boreas
Lithobates sphenocephalus
Lithobates clamitans
Acris gryllus
Rana luteiventris
Bufo quercicus
Lithobates berlandieri
Rana pretiosa
Rana luteiventris
Amphibian decline
Pseudacris triseriata
Bufo w. velatus
Rana pretiosa
multiple stressors
Lithobates clamitans
Hyla gratiosa
Pseudacris triseriata
Anaxyrus woodhousii
Rana palustris
Rana chiricahuensis
Anaxyrus fowleri
Pseudacris maculata
Pseudacris feriarum
Rana circulosa
Acris sp.
abnormality
Pseudacris maculata
Rana aurora
amphibian
Pseudacris regilla
Hyla cinerea
Anaxyrus sp.
Lithobates pipiens
hotspot
Gastrophryne carolinensis
Lithobates septentrionalis
Hyla sp.
Rana c. melanota
Lithobates septentrionalis
Lithobates sylvaticus
Anaxyrus woodhousii
Hyla femoralis
Pseudacris ocularis
Acris gryllus
Pseudacris crucifer
Anaxyrus fowleri
Hyla chrysocelis or versicolor
Pseudacris crucifer
Rana draytonii
Acris sp.
National Wildlife Refuge
Rana sp.
Pseudacris sp.
Hyla sp.
Acris crepitans
Acris crepitans
Lithobates blairi
Hyla squirella
Lithobates catesbeiana
Lithobates berlandieri
2014-10-08T00:00:00Z
2014-10-08T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077467
14208221 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Amphibians with missing, misshapen, and extra limbs have garnered public
and scientific attention for two decades, yet the extent of the phenomenon
remains poorly understood. Despite progress in identifying the causes of
abnormalities in some regions, a lack of knowledge about their broader
spatial distribution and temporal dynamics has hindered efforts to
understand their implications for amphibian population declines and
environmental quality. To address this data gap, we conducted a
nationwide, 10-year assessment of 62,947 amphibians on U.S. National
Wildlife Refuges. Analysis of a core dataset of 48,081 individuals
revealed that consistent with expected background frequencies, an average
of 2% were abnormal, but abnormalities exhibited marked spatial variation
with a maximum prevalence of 40%. Variance partitioning analysis
demonstrated that factors associated with space (rather than species or
year sampled) captured 97% of the variation in abnormalities, and the
amount of partitioned variance decreased with increasing spatial scale
(from site to refuge to region). Consistent with this, abnormalities
occurred in local to regional hotspots, clustering at scales of tens to
hundreds of kilometers. We detected such hotspot clusters of
high-abnormality sites in the Mississippi River Valley, California, and
Alaska. Abnormality frequency was more variable within than outside of
hotspot clusters. This is consistent with dynamic phenomena such as
disturbance or natural enemies (pathogens or predators), whereas
similarity of abnormality frequencies at scales of tens to hundreds of
kilometers suggests involvement of factors that are spatially consistent
at a regional scale. Our characterization of the spatial and temporal
variation inherent in continent-wide amphibian abnormalities demonstrates
the disproportionate contribution of local factors in predicting hotspots,
and the episodic nature of their occurrence.
Frog InformationFile Information The Frog.csv data set includes
information on each of the 68,359 individual amphibians surveyed for this
effort. Information on data in each column is in the ReadMe
file.Frog.csvBlank Data Sheets Used For ProjectThis excel file contains
multiple tabs so that users may print the data sheets we used for the
project. Additional information on how to use the sheets to collect data
is included in our Field SOPs document.DataCollectionForms.xlsAbnormality
Classification Standard Operating ProceduresThis file describes how
abnormalities were classified for analysis, all data files use information
that relied on these methods for abnormality
classification.AbnormalityClassificationSOP.pdfUSFWS Field Standard
Operating ProceduresThis document describes how data were collected for
the project.USFWS_Field_SOPs.pdfSOP Revisions in 2011Limited changes were
made to the field Standard Operating Procedures document in 2011. Some of
these changes incorporated lessons learned during the project; we are
therefore sharing them in case they are useful to researchers in the
future.SOP_changes_2011.pdfAll CollectionsFile Information The
All_Collections.csv data set includes information on each of the 1,477
individual collection events included in this effort. Information on each
column is included in the ReadMe file.AllCollections.csvCore DatasetFile
Information The Core_Dataset.csv file includes information on the 675
collection events included in most statistical analyses presented in our
PLoS One paper. See methods section of the paper for the steps by which we
created the "Core Dataset" from the "All_Collections"
dataset. Information on each column is included in the ReadMe
file.CoreDataset.csvSiteFile Information---This file contains information
on all sites at which at least one frog was examined for this
survey.SpeciesNamesThis is a link file from the species codes used in the
other data files to the scientific and common names for each species.
USA
United States of America
National Wildlife Refuge