10.5061/DRYAD.CH720
Evans, Luke M.
Northern Arizona University
Kaluthota, Sobadini
University of Lethbridge
Pearce, David W.
University of Lethbridge
Allan, Gerard J.
Northern Arizona University
Floate, Kevin
Northern Arizona University
Rood, Stewart B.
University of Lethbridge
Whitham, Thomas G.
Northern Arizona University
Data from: Bud phenology and growth are subject to divergent selection
across a latitudinal gradient in Populus angustifolia and impact
adaptation across the distributional range and associated arthropods
Dryad
dataset
2017
ecological community
QST
Populus angustifolia
cottonwood
FST
2017-06-03T00:00:00Z
2017-06-03T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2222
223772 bytes
1
CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Temperate forest tree species that span large geographical areas and
climatic gradients often have high levels of genetic variation. Such
species are ideal for testing how neutral demographic factors and
climate-driven selection structure genetic variation within species, and
how this genetic variation can affect ecological communities. Here, we
quantified genetic variation in vegetative phenology and growth traits in
narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, using three common gardens
planted with genotypes originating from source populations spanning the
species' range along the Rocky Mountains of North America (ca. 1700
km). We present three main findings. First, we found strong evidence of
divergent selection (QST > FST) on fall phenology (bud set) with
adaptive consequences for frost avoidance. We also found evidence for
selection on bud flush duration, tree height, and basal diameter,
resulting in population differentiation. Second, we found strong
associations with climate variables that were strongly correlated with
latitude of origin. More strongly differentiated traits also showed
stronger climate correlations, which emphasizes the role that climate has
played in divergent selection throughout the range. We found population ×
garden interaction effects; for some traits, this accounted for more of
the variance than either factor alone. Tree height was influenced by the
difference in climate of the source and garden locations and declined with
increasing transfer distance. Third, growth traits were correlated with
dependent arthropod community diversity metrics. Synthesis. Overall, we
conclude that climate has influenced genetic variation and structure in
phenology and growth traits and leads to local adaptation in P.
angustifolia, which can then impact dependent arthropod species.
Importantly, relocation of genotypes far northward or southward often
resulted in poor growth, likely due to a phenological mismatch with
photoperiod, the proximate cue for fall growth cessation. Genotypes moved
too far southward suffer from early growth cessation, whereas those moved
too far northward are prone to fall frost and winter dieback. In the face
of current and forecasted climate change, habitat restoration, forestry,
and tree breeding efforts should utilize these findings to better match
latitudinal and climatic source environments with management locations for
optimal future outcomes.
Arthropod_3pop_analysisArthropod community data from the UT garden 2011.
Contains all replicated genotypes from the three local tree populations
sampled.Arthropod_9pop_analysisArthropod community data from the UT garden
in 2011. Contains 1 randomly chosen replicate of each tree genotype,
spanning all 9 tree populations sampled.Climate_dataClimateWNA data
corresponding to the source location of each tree genotype collected. Also
contains the three garden locations' climate, as "AB",
"AZ", and "UT" in the file.3pop_analysisCompressed
folder contains all files for the 3-population analyses using all
replicated genotypes from the three local tree populations sampled nearest
to each plantation location. Within the directory, individual files
contain data for each garden (AZ, AB, or UT) in each year (2010 or 2011)
for each trait (bud flush, bud set, or height and
diameter).9pop_analysis_and_GxE_and_GxEplusClimTRDCompressed folder
contains all files for the 9-population analyses using a single replicate
of eachgenotypes from all nine tree populations sampled. Within the
directory, individual files contain data for each garden (AZ, AB, or UT)
in each year (2010 or 2011) for each trait (bud flush, bud set, or height
and diameter). These are the datasets used for the GxE and climate
transfer distance analyses.
Rocky Mountains
North America