10.5061/DRYAD.B5908
Janssen, Toon
University of Basel
Ghent University
Vizoso, Dita B.
University of Basel
Schulte, Gregor
Littlewood, D. Timothy J.
Natural History Museum
Waeschenbach, Andrea
Natural History Museum
Schärer, Lukas
University of Basel
Data from: The first multi-gene phylogeny of the Macrostomorpha sheds
light on the evolution of sexual and asexual reproduction in basal
Platyhelminthes
Dryad
dataset
2016
paratomy
Macrostomorpha
molecular phylogeny
Convergent evolution
traumatic mating
Genital evolution
2016-06-15T00:00:00Z
2016-06-15T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.06.004
6989948350 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
The Macrostomorpha—an early branching and species-rich clade of
free-living flatworms—is attracting interest because it contains
Macrostomum lignano, a versatile model organism increasingly used in
evolutionary, developmental, and molecular biology. We elucidate the
macrostomorphan molecular phylogeny inferred from both nuclear (18S and
28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (16S rDNA and COI) marker genes from 40
representatives. Although our phylogeny does not recover the
Macrostomorpha as a statistically supported monophyletic grouping, it (i)
confirms many taxa previously proposed based on morphological evidence,
(ii) permits the first placement of many families and genera, and (iii)
reveals a number of unexpected placements. Specifically, Myozona and
Bradynectes are outside the three classic families (Macrostomidae,
Microstomidae and Dolichomacrostomidae) and the asexually fissioning
Myomacrostomum belongs to a new subfamily, the Myozonariinae nov. subfam.
(Dolichomacrostomidae), rather than diverging early. While this represents
the first evidence for asexuality among the Dolichomacrostomidae, we show
that fissioning also occurs in another Myozonariinae, Myozonaria fissipara
nov. sp. Together with the placement of the (also fissioning)
Microstomidae, namely as the sister taxon of Dolichomacrostomidae, this
suggests that fissioning is not basal within the Macrostomorpha, but
rather restricted to the new taxon Dolichomicrostomida
(Dolichomacrostomidae + Microstomidae). Furthermore, our phylogeny allows
new insights into the evolution of the reproductive system, as ancestral
state reconstructions reveal convergent evolution of gonads, and male and
female genitalia. Finally, the convergent evolution of sperm storage
organs in the female genitalia appears to be linked to the widespread
occurrence of hypodermic insemination among the Macrostomorpha.
Janssen et al. 2015 MPE dataset dryadThis data file contains digital
morphological vouchers of all sequenced specimen and additional
information about the molecular
analysis.Janssen_et_al_2015_MPE_dataset_dryad.zip