10.5061/DRYAD.98SF7M0GZ
Escobar, Sebastián
0000-0002-4918-7967
Aarhus University
Helmstetter, Andrew J
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
Jarvie, Scott
Aarhus University
Montúfar, Rommel
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Balslev, Henrik
Aarhus University
Couvreur, Thomas LP
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
Pleistocene climatic fluctuations promoted alternative evolutionary
histories in Phytelephas aequatorialis, an endemic palm from western
Ecuador
Dryad
dataset
2020
Arecaceae
Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
https://ror.org/056c6e777
PhD scholarship to S.E.
Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond
https://ror.org/05svhj534
9040-00136B to H.B.
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
https://ror.org/00rbzpz17
ANR-15- CE02- 0002-01 to T.L.P.C.
International Mixed Laboratory (LMI) BIO_INCA*
International Palm Society (IPS)*
field grant to S.E.
International Mixed Laboratory (LMI) BIO_INCA
International Palm Society (IPS)
field grant to S.E.
2021-09-13T00:00:00Z
2021-09-13T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14055
920022 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Aim: Pleistocene (2.58 Ma – 11.7 ka) climatic fluctuations have shaped
intraspecific genetic patterns worldwide; however, their manifestation in
many regions remains unknown. In order to determine the impact of
Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the tropical rain forests of western
Ecuador, we explored the evolutionary history of the endemic palm
Phytelephas aequatorialis. Location: Western Ecuador, northwestern South
America. Taxon: Phytelephas aequatorialis (Arecaceae). Methods: 176
nuclear genes were sequenced in 91 individuals for phylogenomic and
population structure analyses. The time of divergence between identified
genetic lineages was estimated using a coalescent phylogenomic analysis.
Paleoecological niche modelling analyses were performed to determine areas
of historical climatic suitability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 22
ka) that potentially acted as forest refugia during the Pleistocene. A
Wilcoxon test and Pearson correlations were used to explore how current
levels of genetic diversity (Hs) have been shaped by several paleoclimatic
and geographic factors. Results: Phylogenomic and population structure
analyses revealed two genetic lineages with a north-south distribution,
which diverged 1.14 Ma during the Pleistocene. Two potential Pleistocene
refugia were identified in the Pacific coast of Ecuador and in the Andean
foothills of southwestern Ecuador, whose distribution agrees with the
spatial location of the two lineages. Within the Andean foothills, Hs was
lower for the southern lineage than for the northern lineage. Hs
significantly increased with decreasing latitude within the whole species
distribution. Main conclusions: Pleistocene climatic fluctuations promoted
intraspecific divergence in P. aequatorialis within the rain forests of
western Ecuador. The Andean foothills of southwestern Ecuador could be an
important spot for rain forest evolution because they potentially remained
climatically suitable through the Pleistocene. Lower genetic diversity in
the southern lineage, which apparently remained isolated in the Andean
foothills during glacial cycles, adds evidence to the presence of a forest
refugium in southwestern Ecuador. The geographic pattern in genetic
diversity suggests that P. aequatorialis colonized western Ecuador from
the north. This study supports the role of Pleistocene climatic
fluctuations in promoting intraspecific divergence, and for the first
time, we show their impact west of the Andes.
Data for phylogenomic analyses in Phytelephas aequatorialis. One hundred
and seventy six genes were sequenced in 91 individuals using the probes
from Heyduk et al. (2016). Only the loci with at least 75% of their lenght
reconstructed in at least 75% of individuals we retained. In addition,
loci with signs of paralogy were removed, leaving 141 usable loci.