10.5061/DRYAD.7B3C73K
Hirota, Shun K.
Tohoku University
Miki, Nozomu
Kyushu University
Yasumoto, Akiko A.
University of Zurich
Yahara, Tetsukazu
Kyushu University
Data from: UV bullseye contrast of Hemerocallis flowers attracts hawkmoths
but not swallowtail butterflies
Dryad
dataset
2019
floral evolution
Hememrocallis fulva
butterflies
colour contrast
UV bullseye floral pattern
Hemerocallis citrina
pollinator behaviour
flower colour
hawkmoths
2019-09-10T00:00:00Z
2019-09-10T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4604
2400230 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
The colour and patterns of animal-pollinated flowers are known to have
effects on pollinator attraction. In this study, the relative importance
of flower colour and colour contrast patterns on pollinator attraction was
examined in two pollinator groups, swallowtail butterflies and hawkmoths
using two Hemerocallis species; butterfly-pollinated H. fulva and
hawkmoth-pollinated H. citrina, having reddish and yellowish flowers in
human vision, respectively. Flowers of both species have UV bullseye
patterns, composed of UV-absorbing centres and UV-reflecting peripheries,
known to function as a typical nectar guide, but UV reflectance was
significantly more intense in the peripheries of H. citrina flowers than
in those of H. fulva flowers. Comparison based on the visual systems of
butterflies and hawkmoths showed that the colour contrast of the bullseye
pattern in H. citrina was more intense than that in H. fulva. To evaluate
the relative importance of flower colour and the colour contrast of
bullseye pattern on pollinator attraction, we performed a series of
observations using experimental arrays consisting of Hemerocallis species
and their hybrids. As a result, swallowtail butterflies and
crepuscular/nocturnal hawkmoths showed contrasting preferences for flower
colour and patterns: butterflies preferred H. fulva-like coloured flower
whereas the preference of hawkmoths was affected by the colour contrast of
the bullseye pattern rather than flower colour. Both crepuscular and
nocturnal hawkmoths consistently preferred flowers with stronger contrast
of the UV bullseye pattern, whereas the preference of hawkmoths for flower
colour was incoherent. Our finding suggests that hawkmoths can use
UV-absorbing/reflecting bullseye patterns for foraging under light-limited
environments and that the intensified bullseye contrast of H. citrina
evolved as an adaptation to hawkmoths. Our results also showed the
difference of visual systems between pollinators, which may have promoted
floral divergence.
Floral spectral reflectance of H. fulva, H. citrina and hybridsThis file
contains reflectance spectra in the central part and the peripheral part
of tepals of H. fulva, H. citrina, and their F2
hybrids.RelativeReflectance.csvFloral traits and pollinator visitations in
experiment 1Experiment1.csvFloral traits and pollinator visitations in
Experiment 2Experiment2.csvFloral traits and pollinator visitations in
Experiment 3Experiment3.csv