10.5061/DRYAD.47D7WM39G
Torres, Gabriela
0000-0002-4064-0585
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Thomas, David
0000-0001-8832-5907
Bangor University
Whiteley, Nia
0000-0001-6846-3851
Bangor University
Wilcockson, David
0000-0002-5923-4472
Aberystwyth University
Gimenez, Luis
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Maternal and cohort effects modulate offspring responses to multiple stressors
Dryad
dataset
2020
maternal effects
multiple stressors
Offspring Performance
Salinity
European Commission
https://ror.org/00k4n6c32
235634
2020-06-11T00:00:00Z
2020-06-11T00:00:00Z
en
43778 bytes
3
CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Current concerns about climate change has led to intensive research
attempting to understand how climate driven stressors affect the
performance of organisms, in particular on offspring of many invertebrate
and fish. Although stressors are likely to act on several stages of the
life cycle, little is known about their action across life phases, for
instance how multiple stressors experienced simultaneously in the maternal
environment can modulate the responses to the same stressors operating in
the offspring environment. Here, we study how performance of offspring of
a marine invertebrate (shore crab Carcinus maenas) in response to two
stressors (temperature and salinity) changes if the same stressors are
experienced at the time of embryogenesis in cohorts of mothers breeding
eggs at different seasons. On average, offspring responses were
antagonistic: high temperature mitigated the negative effects of low
salinity on survival. However, the magnitude of the response was modulated
by the temperature and salinity conditions experienced by egg-carrying
mothers. Performance also varied among cohorts, suggesting a role for
genetic variation, and/or maternal conditions prior to fertilisation. We
speculate that similar maternal effects may occur in other brooding
organisms, as a consequence of anthropogenic modification of the
environment.
Berried females collected in two seasons (SEASON) were kept in 4
treatments (2 EMBRYONIC SALINITY x 2 EMBRYONIC TEMPERATURE). After
embryonic development was completed and larvae hatched, they were
distributed in 6 treatments (2 LARVAL SALINITY x 3 LARVAL TEMPERATURE).
Survival and developmental time of the first stage was determined.
Survival data (proportion) were first adjusted using the equation p’=
[p(n-1)/n+0.5]/n, (n=10 individuals) and then analysed after logistic (=
logit) transformation39, following Griffen et al. 2016. For survival, we
applied a five-way factorial model containing embryonic salinity (ES),
embryonic temperature (ET), larval salinity (LS), larval temperature (LT)
and season (S). The duration of development was analysed using the data
corresponding to the larvae reared in seawater because we had high
mortality rates at a lower salinity of 20 PSU (see Results). The starting
model was reduced to a four-way factorial model (the factor “larval
salinity”, LS, was dropped), keeping female (F) as a random factor.