10.5061/DRYAD.3N5TB2RF7
Harrison, Jacob
0000-0001-7752-6471
Duke University
Porter, Megan
University of Hawaii at Manoa
McHenry, Matthew
University of California, Irvine
Robinson, H. Eve
Humboldt State University
Patek, Sheila
0000-0001-9738-882X
Duke University
Scaling and development of elastic mechanisms: the tiny strikes of larval
mantis shrimp
Dryad
dataset
2020
latch-mediated spring actuation
mantis shrimp
larva
elastic mechanisms
power amplification
Stomatopoda
Company of Biologists
https://ror.org/0033z1132
JEBTF181185
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory
https://ror.org/011hc8f90
W911NF - 15-1-058
National Science Foundation
https://ror.org/021nxhr62
NSF - IOS - 1439850
National Science Foundation
https://ror.org/021nxhr62
EPSCoR RII 1738567
Office of Naval Research
https://ror.org/00rk2pe57
N00014-19-1-2035 and N00014-17-1-2062
National Science Foundation
https://ror.org/021nxhr62
NSF - IOS - 2034043
2021-04-12T00:00:00Z
2021-04-12T00:00:00Z
en
1440259 bytes
5
CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Latch-mediated spring actuation (LaMSA) is used by small organisms to
produce high acceleration movements. Mathematical models predict that
acceleration increases as LaMSA systems decrease in size. Adult mantis
shrimp use a LaMSA mechanism in their raptorial appendages to produce
extremely fast strikes. Until now, however, it was unclear whether mantis
shrimp at earlier life-history stages also strike using elastic recoil and
latch mediation. We tested whether larval mantis shrimp (Gonodactylaceus
falcatus) use LaMSA and, because of their smaller size, achieve higher
strike accelerations than adults of other mantis shrimp species. Based on
microscopy and kinematic analyses, we discovered that larval G. falcatus
possess the components of, and actively use, LaMSA during their fourth
larval stage, which is the stage of development when larvae begin feeding.
Larvae performed strikes at high acceleration and speed (mean: 4.133×105
rad s−2, 292.7 rad s−1; 12 individuals, 25 strikes), which are of the same
order of magnitude as for adults – even though adult appendages are up to
two orders of magnitude longer. Larval strike speed (mean: 0.385 m s−1)
exceeded the maximum swimming speed of similarly sized organisms from
other species by several orders of magnitude. These findings establish the
developmental timing and scaling of the mantis shrimp LaMSA mechanism and
provide insights into the kinematic consequences of scaling limits in tiny
elastic mechanisms.
Larval mantis shrimp raptorial appendage strikes were collected using high
speed video (20,000 frames s-1; 25 strikes, 12 individuals, 1-6 strikes
per individual). Kinematics were determined by manually tracking the
raptorial appendage over the course of a strike using MTrackJ plug-in
(V1.5.1, Meijering et al., 2012) in ImageJ (v2.0.0, Schneider et al,
2012). Strike kinematics (angular and linear velocity and acceleration)
were compared to a previously compiled dataset of adult mantis shrimp
strike kinematics (McHenry et al., 2016). The speed of the larval mantis
shrimp strike was compared to a newly compiled dataset collected from the
literature of swimming and feeding speeds from other larval
aquatic organisms.
ReadMe File: "README.pdf" The ReadMe file steps through the
contents for each file and folder contained in this repository. Please
review this file first, it includes helpful information on how to connect
the R code and data together. Rcode:
"LarvalMantisShrimpKinematicsCode_FINAL.rmd" This R code
includes all of the kinematics code and statistical analyses used in this
study. Larval Mantis Shrimp ID and Metadata: “Larval.ID_forkinematics.csv”
This is the metadata file and general information needed for running the
kinematics Rcode. Larval LaMSA Mechanism: “LarvalLaMSAMechanism.csv” This
spreadsheet contains data used to infer the LaMSA mechanism from a
highspeed video (20,000 frames s-1) of a larval mantis shrimp strike under
a microscope slide. Comparative Mantis Shrimp
Kinematics: “MantisShrimpComparativeKinematics.csv” This spreadsheet
contains data used to compare larval mantis shrimp strike kinematics to
various adult mantis shrimp kinematics. Larval Speed
Comparisons: “LarvalSpeedComparisons.csv” This spreadsheet includes data
used to compare larval strike speeds to speeds produced by other small
larval aquatic organisms. Larval Strike Kinematics -
"StrikeKinematicsData.zip" This folder contains data used to
calculate the kinematics of the larval mantis shrimp strike. There are two
different file types, ‘.csv’ files and ‘.mdf’ files. The ‘.mdf’ files are
the output files from the manual tracking of larval mantis shrimp strikes
using the MtrackJ plugin in FIJI. Measuring Error From Tracking -
"KinematicErrorData.zip" This folder contains data used to
calculate the measurement error from manual tracking of the larval mantis
shrimp strikes.