10.5061/DRYAD.28B06
Simon, Monique Nouailhetas
Machado, Fabio Andrade
Marroig, Gabriel
University of Sao Paulo
Data from: High evolutionary constraints limited adaptive responses to
past climate changes in toad skulls
Dryad
dataset
2016
Rhinella granulosa species group
lines of least evolutionary resistance
selection gradients
evolutionary potential
G-matrix
Rhinella granulosa
2016-09-30T12:57:56Z
2016-09-30T12:57:56Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1783
288192 bytes
2
CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
Interactions among traits that build a complex structure may be
represented as genetic covariation and correlation. Genetic correlations
may act as constraints, deflecting the evolutionary response from the
direction of natural selection. We investigated the relative importance of
drift, selection, and constraints in driving skull divergence in a group
of related toad species. The distributional range of these species
encompasses very distinct habitats with important climatic differences and
the species are primarily distinguished by differences in their skulls.
Some parts of the toad skull, such as the snout, may have functional
relevance in reproductive ecology, detecting water cues. Thus, we
hypothesized that the species skull divergence was driven by natural
selection associated with climatic variation. However, given that all
species present high correlations among skull traits, our second
prediction was of high constraints deflecting the response to selection.
We first extracted the main morphological direction that is expected to be
subjected to selection by using within- and between-species covariance
matrices. We then used evolutionary regressions to investigate whether
divergence along this direction is explained by climatic variation between
species. We also used quantitative genetics models to test for a role of
random drift versus natural selection in skull divergence and to
reconstruct selection gradients along species phylogeny. Climatic
variables explained high proportions of between-species variation in the
most selected axis. However, most evolutionary responses were not in the
direction of selection, but aligned with the direction of allometric size,
the dimension of highest phenotypic variance in the ancestral population.
We conclude that toad species have responded to selection related to
climate in their skulls, yet high evolutionary constraints dominated
species divergence and may limit species responses to future climate
change.
Species means and residual P-matricesThe data are species climatic means
(bio1 through bio19 extracted from WorldClim database for all localities
the species are reported to occur. For variable definitions see:
http://www.worldclim.org/bioclim. Further information in Hijmans et al.
(2005) Int. J. Climatol. 25, 1965–1978.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276. Note bio3 and bio7 were excluded from
analysis) and morphological means (21 linear skull distances: definitions
of abbreviations are in the ReadMe file). Next are species residual
phenotypic variance covariance matrices for which the effects of sex and
locality were removed (see table S1 of article). The last data is a data
frame that was used as entry on the function oubm.fit of the slouch R
package.data_files.csvTable 1. Vector correlations between evolutionary
response (Δz), selection (β) and PC1.This is the correct version of Table
1, in which column headings are in the correct positions. Please see the
associated README "read_me_table1.txt" for a description of the
symbols. Please also see: Correction to ‘High evolutionary constraints
limited adaptive responses to past climate changes in toad skulls’ in
Proceedings of the Royal Society B at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2354Table 1.pdfread_me_table1.txt