10.5061/DRYAD.270GS
Grimm, Guido W.
University of Vienna
Bomfleur, Benjamin
University of Münster
McLoughlin, Stephen
Swedish Museum of Natural History
Data from: The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network
analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of
anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes
Dryad
dataset
2018
Plenasium vachelii
Millerocaulis guptai
Millerocaulis amarjolensis
Grammatocaulis donponii
Millerocaulis livingstonensis
Osmundoideae
Plenasium arnoldii
Millerocaulis richmondii
Itopsidema vancleavei
Thamnopteris diploxylon
Grammatopteris freitasii
Claytosmunda plumites
Thamnopteris kazanensis
Osmundacaulis whittlesii
Claytosmunda wangii
Osmundacaulis griggsii
Tiania yunnanense
Osmundacaulis skidegatensis
Millerocaulis dunlopii
Todea barbara
Millerocaulis websteri
Millerocaulis indicus
Thamnopteris gwynne-vaughani
Donwelliacaulis chlouberii
Claytosmunda nathorstii
Claytosmunda johnstonii
Evolutionary classification
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
Jurassic
Thamnopteris javorskii
Osmundacaulis atherstonei
Millerocaulis tuhajkulensis
Plenasium dakotense
Millerocaulis hebeiensis
Osmundacaulis tehuelchensis
Neogene
Millerocaulis stipabonettiorum
Thamnopteroideae
Grammatopteris baldaufii
Palaeogene
Guairea millerii
Osmunda japonica
Plenasium dowkeri
Osmundacaulis richmondii
Plenasium banksiifolium
Shuichengella primitiva
Millerocaulis zamunerae
Palaeontology
Osmunda iliaensis
Thamnopteris schlechtendalii
Claytosmunda tekelili
Osmundacaulis janiae
Thamnopteris gracilis
Millerocaulis santaecrucis
Osmunda regalis
Plenasium banksiifolia
Thamnopteris uralica
Millerocaulis aucklandicus
Osmundacaulis tidwellii
Guairea braziliensis
Zhongmingella plenasioides
Millerocaulis estipularis
Millerocaulis kolbei
Plenasium nebraskense
Osmundacaulis hoskingii
Claytosmunda wehrii
Osmunda javanica
Plenasium bromeliifolia
Osmundaceae
Plenasium bransonii
Thamnopteris kidstonii
Bathypteris rhomboidea
Osmundacaulis tasmanensis
palaeobotany
Claytosmunda claytoniana
Millerocaulis indentatus
Todeinae
Claytosmunda embreei
Osmundacaulis bamfordae
Todea tidwellii
Filicopsida
Permian
Osmundinae
Leptopteris hymenophylloides
Osmundastrum pulchellum
Thamnopteris splendida
Millerocaulis macromedullosus
Triassic
Leptopteris fraseri
Osmunda pluma
Osmundacaulis lemonii
Plenasium crossii
Osmundeae
Osmundacaulis jonesii
Millerocaulis patagonicus
Millerocaulis sahnii
Osmundales
Millerocaulis rajmahalensis
Plenasium chandleri
Millerocaulis gibbianus
Plenasium bromeliifolium
Claytosmunda kidstoni
Millerocaulis preosmundus
Itopsidemoideae
Millerocaulis sinicus
Osmunda lancea
Shuichengelloideae
Osmundacaulis nerii
Palaeosmunda williamsii
Osmundacaulis natalensis
Guaireaceae
Palaeozoic
Osmundacaulis andrewii
Millerocaulis limewoodensis
Guairea carnierii
Millerocaulis swanensis
Osmundites aucklandicus
Millerocaulis australis
Millerocaulis juandahensis
Anomorrhoea fischeri
Leptopteris wilkesiana
Plenasium moorei
Guaireoideae
Rastropteris pinquanensis
Claytosmunda beardmorensis
Todea papuana
Millerocaulis chubutensis
Leptopteris superba
Millerocaulis woolfei
Palaeosmunda playfordii
Lunea jonesii
Osmundacaulis pruchnickii
Chasmatopteris principalis
Millerocaulis lutziae
Millerocaulis spinksii
Millerocaulis broganii
Osmunda oregonensis
Claytosmunda liaoningensis
Plenasium burgii
Osmundastrum precinnamomeum
Leptosporangiatae
Claytosmunda chengii
Osmunda shimokawaensis
Millerocaulis wadei
Millerocaulis herbstii
Osmundacaulis zululandensis
Millerocaulis donponii
Millerocaulis wrightii
Grammatopteris rigollotii
2018-05-24T00:00:00Z
2018-05-24T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3433
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
The Osmundales (Royal Fern order) originated in the late Paleozoic and is
the most ancient surviving lineage of leptosporangiate ferns. In contrast
to its low diversity today (less than 20 species in six genera), it has
the richest fossil record of any extant group of ferns. The structurally
preserved trunks and rhizomes alone are referable to more than 100 fossil
species that are classified in up to 20 genera, four subfamilies, and two
families. This diverse fossil record constitutes an exceptional source of
information on the evolutionary history of the group from the Permian to
the present. However, inconsistent terminology, varying formats of
description, and the general lack of a uniform taxonomic concept renders
this wealth of information poorly accessible. To this end, we provide a
comprehensive review of the diversity of structural features of
osmundalean axes under a standardized, descriptive terminology. A novel
morphological character matrix with 45 anatomical characters scored for 15
extant species and for 114 fossil operational units (species or specimens)
is analysed using networks in order to establish systematic relationships
among fossil and extant Osmundales rooted in axis anatomy. The results
lead us to propose an evolutionary classification for fossil Osmundales
and a revised, standardized taxonomy for all taxa down to the rank of
(sub)genus. We introduce several nomenclatural novelties: (1) a new
subfamily Itopsidemoideae (Guaireaceae) is established to contain
Itopsidema, Donwelliacaulis, and Tiania; (2) the thamnopteroid genera
Zalesskya, Iegosigopteris, and Petcheropteris are all considered
synonymous with Thamnopteris; (3) 12 species of Millerocaulis and
Ashicaulis are assigned to modern genera (tribe Osmundeae); (4) the
hitherto enigmatic Aurealcaulis is identified as an extinct subgenus of
Plenasium; and (5) the poorly known Osmundites tuhajkulensis is assigned
to Millerocaulis. In addition, we consider Millerocaulis stipabonettiorum
a possible member of Palaeosmunda and Millerocaulis estipularis as
probably constituting the earliest representative of the
(Todea-)Leptopteris lineage (subtribe Todeinae) of modern Osmundoideae.
Raw data and results filesBomfleur_et_al_FossilOsmundales-SDA.zip