10.5061/DRYAD.22300
Congreve, Curtis R.
Pennsylvania State University
Krug, Andrew Z.
Pennsylvania State University
Patzkowksy, Mark E.
Pennsylvania State University
Patzkowsky, Mark E.
Pennsylvania State University
Data from: Phylogenetic revision of the Strophomenida, a diverse and
ecologically important palaeozoic brachiopod order
Dryad
dataset
2016
Strophomenida
mass extinction
brachiopod
2016-05-27T00:00:00Z
2016-05-27T00:00:00Z
en
https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12177
113666 bytes
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CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
The order Strophomenida was an ecologically abundant and taxonomically
diverse group of Palaeozoic brachiopods that originated in the earliest
Ordovician and went extinct in the Carboniferous. During their long
geological range, the Strophomenida survived two of the ‘Big Five’ mass
extinction events, the Late Ordovician and the Late Devonian, suggesting
that they are potentially informative taxa for studying the evolutionary
effects of these two distinct mass extinctions, each with drastically
different forcing mechanisms. However, while there have been previous
phylogenetic studies on smaller groups within the Strophomenida, the
phylogenetic relationships of the whole group are still largely unknown.
The group has been divided into two major superfamilies, the
Strophomenoidea (strophomenoids) and the Plectambonitoidea
(plectambonitoids). Despite being treated as separate clades, the
plectambonitoids may form a paraphyletic grade into the strophomenoids. We
present a detailed higher-level parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of
the Strophomenida, consisting of 69 characters and 62 exemplar species
sampled from the majority of the taxonomically defined
families/subfamilies. Several species of basal chonetids
(strophochonetids) were also included in this analysis, as they may be
closely related to the Strophomenida and share several characters with
both the plectambonitoids and strophomenoids. The phylogenetic analysis
suggests the plectambonitoids, as originally defined, are paraphyletic to
the monophyletic strophomenoids. The basal chonetids are reconstructed as
a monophyletic group that is sister to the strophomenoids, suggesting that
their proper placement might be within the Strophomenida. The topology
also suggests that at least 17 of the taxonomically defined strophomenoid
and plectambonitoid families are likely to be monophyletic. The
Plectambonitidae and the Taffiidae as defined are paraphyletic, and the
Grorudiidae and Leptostrophiidae are polyphyletic. Furthermore,
subfamilies Leptodontellinae, Dicoelostrophiinae, Palaeostrophomeninae and
Aegiromeninae are raised to the level of family. When analysed within this
phylogenetic context, the Late Ordovician mass extinction event had little
effect on the large-scale evolution of the group.
S1 - Strophid matrix with excluded taxaS2 - Strophid analysis with excS3 -
Strophid matrixS4 - Strophids matrix with traditional cardinal process
charactersS5 - Strophids matrix with microstructure characters