{"data":{"id":"10.7805/education-minister-2022","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.7805/education-minister-2022","prefix":"10.7805","suffix":"education-minister-2022","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Mengele, Lukas","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Lukas","familyName":"Mengele","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zierow, Larissa","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Larissa","familyName":"Zierow","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"lang":"en","title":"Minister of Education data base"}],"publisher":"LMU-ifo Economics \u0026 Business Data Center (EBDC)","container":{},"publicationYear":2022,"subjects":[{"lang":"en","subject":"10900 Economics","subjectScheme":"GESIS"},{"lang":"en","subject":"1090302 Economic Policy","subjectScheme":"GESIS"},{"lang":"en","subject":"10500 Political Science","subjectScheme":"GESIS"},{"lang":"en","subject":"10503 Political System, Constitution, Government","subjectScheme":"GESIS"},{"lang":"en","subject":"10600 Education and Pedagogics","subjectScheme":"GESIS"},{"lang":"en","subject":"10504 Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture","subjectScheme":"GESIS"},{"lang":"en","subject":"I28 Education: Government Policy","subjectScheme":"JEL"},{"lang":"en","subject":"D72 Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior","subjectScheme":"JEL"},{"lang":"en","subject":"E61 Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination","subjectScheme":"JEL"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Y10 Data: Tables and Charts","subjectScheme":"JEL"},{"lang":"en","subject":"I21 Analysis of Education","subjectScheme":"JEL"},{"lang":"en","subject":"KAT55 Education, School Systems","subjectScheme":"ZA"},{"lang":"en","subject":"KAT11 Political Institutions","subjectScheme":"ZA"},{"lang":"en","subject":"KAT16 Political Parties, Organizations","subjectScheme":"ZA"},{"lang":"en","subject":"KAT31 Economic Policy, National Economic Situation","subjectScheme":"ZA"},{"lang":"en","subject":"politics","subjectScheme":"TheSozWiss"},{"lang":"en","subject":"educational institution","subjectScheme":"TheSozWiss"},{"lang":"en","subject":"economic policy","subjectScheme":"TheSozWiss"},{"lang":"en","subject":"economics","subjectScheme":"TheSozWiss"},{"lang":"en","subject":"economics of education","subjectScheme":"TheSozWiss"},{"lang":"en","subject":"education system","subjectScheme":"TheSozWiss"},{"lang":"en","subject":"institution","subjectScheme":"TheSozWiss"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Educational institution","subjectScheme":"STW"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Political System","subjectScheme":"STW"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Economic democracy","subjectScheme":"STW"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Policy analysis","subjectScheme":"STW"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Education reform","subjectScheme":"STW"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Educational System","subjectScheme":"STW"},{"lang":"en","subject":"Education policy","subjectScheme":"STW"}],"contributors":[{"name":"Ifo Institut – Leibniz-Institut Für Wirtschaftsforschung An Der Universität München E.V.","nameType":"Organizational","affiliation":[],"contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"1950/2020","dateType":"Collected"},{"date":"2022","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsDocumentedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1007/s41358-023-00343-9","resourceTypeGeneral":"Text","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":"2022","rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","description":"This study investigates who becomes Minister of Education in Germany. For this purpose, we developed a dataset that contains biographical characteristics of all education ministers of the German states between 1950 and 2020. As an exemplary use of the dataset, we examine the two characteristics gender and prior professional experience and link these characteristics to indicators of the size and development of the education budget and length of tenure. We show that between 1950 and 2020, significantly more men than women were appointed as Minister of Education; but there are no major differences between the parties that provided the Minister of Education. Also, politicians with teaching experience are not represented in the majority of education ministers. In turn, the majority of education ministers have previous political experience when they take office. Our database, which contains the first complete survey of the biographical characteristics of education ministers in the German states, is available to all interested researchers.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPlace":"Germany"}],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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