{"data":{"id":"10.7802/1415","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.7802/1415","prefix":"10.7802","suffix":"1415","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Dannenberg, Astrid","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Astrid","familyName":"Dannenberg","affiliation":["University of Kassel"],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"lang":"de","title":"Tipping Versus Cooperating To Supply A Public Good"},{"lang":"en","title":"Tipping Versus Cooperating To Supply A Public Good"}],"publisher":"GESIS Data Archive","container":{},"publicationYear":2017,"subjects":[{"lang":"en","subject":"KAT65 Natural Environment, Nature","subjectScheme":"ZA"},{"lang":"en","subject":"KAT52 Group","subjectScheme":"ZA"},{"lang":"en","subject":"KAT31 Economic Policy, National Economic Situation","subjectScheme":"ZA"}],"contributors":[{"name":"Barrett, Scott","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Scott","familyName":"Barrett","affiliation":["Columbia University"],"contributorType":"Researcher","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2017","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["158483","158483"],"formats":["application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"],"version":"1","rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":"de","description":"In some important multiplayer situations, such as efforts to supply a global public good, players can\nchoose the game they want to play. In this paper we conduct an experimental test of the decision by a\ngroup with fixed membership, playing over a finite number of periods, to choose between a “tipping”\ngame, in which every player wants to contribute to the public good provided enough other players\ncontribute, and a prisoners’ dilemma, the classic cooperation game. In the prisoners’ dilemma, the\nfirst best outcome is attainable, but cannot be sustained as a Nash equilibrium. In the tipping game,\nonly a second best outcome may be attainable, but there exists a Nash equilibrium that is strictly\npreferred to the one in the prisoners’ dilemma. We show that many groups persistently choose the\nprisoners’ dilemma despite its strategic disadvantage, and that the groups that eventually choose\nthe tipping game do better than the ones that stick with the prisoners’ dilemma.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":"en","description":"In some important multiplayer situations, such as efforts to supply a global public good, players can\nchoose the game they want to play. In this paper we conduct an experimental test of the decision by a\ngroup with fixed membership, playing over a finite number of periods, to choose between a “tipping”\ngame, in which every player wants to contribute to the public good provided enough other players\ncontribute, and a prisoners’ dilemma, the classic cooperation game. In the prisoners’ dilemma, the\nfirst best outcome is attainable, but cannot be sustained as a Nash equilibrium. In the tipping game,\nonly a second best outcome may be attainable, but there exists a Nash equilibrium that is strictly\npreferred to the one in the prisoners’ dilemma. We show that many groups persistently choose the\nprisoners’ dilemma despite its strategic disadvantage, and that the groups that eventually choose\nthe tipping game do better than the ones that stick with the prisoners’ dilemma.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"lang":"de","description":"Laborexperiment","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"lang":"en","description":"Laboratory experiment","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"lang":"de","description":"Laborexperiment","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"lang":"en","description":"Laboratory experiment","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"lang":"de","description":"undergraduate students recruited from the general student population of Magdeburg University, Germany","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"lang":"en","description":"undergraduate students recruited from the general student population of Magdeburg University, Germany","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"lang":"de","description":"Random Selection","descriptionType":"Methods"}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPlace":"Deutschland / DE"},{"geoLocationPlace":"Germany / DE"}],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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