{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3264106","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3264106","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.c.3264106","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Kai-Chung Cheng","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Park, Hye-Kyung","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Hye-Kyung","familyName":"Park","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Afua O. Tetteh","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zheng, Daisy","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Daisy","familyName":"Zheng","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Ouellette, Nicholas T.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Nicholas T.","familyName":"Ouellette","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Nadeau, Kari C.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Kari C.","familyName":"Nadeau","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Hildemann, Lynn M.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Lynn M.","familyName":"Hildemann","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Mixing and Sink Effects of Air Purifiers on Indoor PM2.5 Concentrations: A Pilot Study of 8 Residential Homes in Fresno, California"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2016,"subjects":[{"subject":"Biophysics"},{"subject":"Biochemistry"},{"subject":"Space Science"},{"subject":"29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Physical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Physical sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Microbiology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Ecology"},{"subject":"Sociology"},{"subject":"FOS: Sociology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Sociology","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2016-06-02","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2016-06-02","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2016","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/02786826.2016.1197375","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC-BY","rightsUri":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"We measured real-time and integrated PM2.5 inside 8 occupied single-family homes in Fresno, California to evaluate how turbulent air mixing and pollutant removal caused by a filter-based air purifier influences the levels of fine particles in everyday indoor environments. In each home, we used a real-time monitor to log PM2.5 levels every 5 min over 12 weeks during which air purifiers were operating, except for a designed 3-day shutdown period for baseline measurements. We assessed how the operation of air purifiers changed the patterns of the frequency distributions for short-term (5-min) concentrations, which included spikes produced by sporadic indoor activities or emissions. This allowed us to examine the reduction effectiveness of air purifiers on concentrations of both recently-emitted and well-mixed background aerosols. We observed a systematic change in the 5-min PM2.5 distributions in different homes - while air purifiers reduced 96% of the 5-min concentrations, they increased the magnitudes of the top 4%, representing transient concentration peaks. This phenomenon is consistent with what would be theoretically expected based on passive scalar turbulence in fluid physics. We also collected gravimetric filter samples for PM2.5 composition, finding mean reductions of the long-term (2–5 day) concentrations of 29–37% for indoor PM2.5 and endotoxin. A less significant reduction (19–26%) was seen for Pb (Lead).","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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