{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3257947","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3257947","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.c.3257947","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"A Scanu","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"F Oliviero","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"L Gruaz","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"P Galozzi","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"R Luisetto","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"R Ramonda","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"D Burger","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"L Punzi","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Synovial fluid proteins are required for the induction of interleukin-1β production by monosodium urate crystals"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2016,"subjects":[{"subject":"Biochemistry"},{"subject":"29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Physical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Physical sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Microbiology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Biotechnology"},{"subject":"Ecology"},{"subject":"Immunology"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2016-05-21","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2016-05-21","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2016","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.3109/03009742.2015.1124452","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC-BY","rightsUri":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"\u003cb\u003eObjectives\u003c/b\u003e: Monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in gouty joints promotes the release of inflammatory mediators, in particular interleukin (IL)-1β. The induction of IL-1β production by MSU crystals requires a co-stimulus. The objective of this study was to determine which part of the synovial fluid (SF) provides co-stimulation to MSU crystals to induce IL-1β in macrophages. \u003cb\u003eMethod\u003c/b\u003e: The lipidic fraction (LF) and the protein fraction (PF) were isolated from the SF of patients with arthropathies. The PF was subfractionated according to different molecular weight (MW) ranges. THP-1 cells or human primary monocytes were stimulated with MSU crystals in the presence or absence of SF or SF fractions. IL-1β and IL-8 production and IL-1β mRNA expression were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). \u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e: Exposure of monocytes/macrophages to MSU crystals alone induced the moderate release of IL-8 but not of IL-1β. The production of IL-1β required the presence of both SF from patients with inflammatory arthritis (SFi) and MSU crystals. SF from patients with non-inflammatory arthritis, that is patients with osteoarthritis (OA), did not affect the IL-1β production but slightly enhanced the secretion of IL-8. Both MSU crystals and SFi were required for the induction of the IL-1β transcript, which was not expressed in the presence of either stimulus alone. SFi fractionation demonstrated that the MSU crystal co-stimulus was contained in the PF of SFi with MW \u0026gt; 50 kDa but not in the LF. \u003cb\u003eConclusions\u003c/b\u003e: This study shows that the SF of inflammatory arthritis patients, including gout patients, contains proteins required for the induction of IL-1β by MSU crystals in macrophages whereas lipids are not involved.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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