{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2859241","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2859241","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.c.2859241","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Verma, Indu","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Indu","familyName":"Verma","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Sumyra Sidiq","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Santanu Kumar Pal","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Detection of creatinine using surface-driven ordering transitions of liquid crystals"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2016,"subjects":[{"subject":"29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Physical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Physical sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Medicine"},{"subject":"39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Ecology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Sociology"},{"subject":"FOS: Sociology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Sociology","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Immunology"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Computer and information sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Computer and information sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Inorganic Chemistry"},{"subject":"Infectious Diseases"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Computational Biology"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2016-03-22","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2016-05-30","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2016","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/02678292.2016.1161092","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC-BY","rightsUri":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Determining creatinine levels in blood is of great importance in the detection of high risk for renal failure. Here, we report a simple methodology for real-time monitoring of creatinine employing surface-driven ordering transitions in liquid crystals (LCs) by changing pH in presence of creatinine deiminase enzyme. It is found that when 5CB (4-Cyano-4ʹ-pentylbiphenyl) LC doped with 4ʹ-hexyl-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid, a bright optical appearance was observed (at aqueous–LC interface) which is not disturbed in presence of creatinine, consistent with a planar/tilted orientation of the LC molecules at those interface. Interestingly, in presence of creatinine deiminase, an ordering transition was observed resulting from enzymatic reactions (giving rise to NH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e ions) that can change the local pH values and lead to dark optical appearance of the LC. Presence of different amounts of creatinine would lead varied ordering transition that can be monitored in real time in presence of creatinine deiminase. Our approach could detect the creatinine levels as low as that of the healthy adult (~50 µM) and can be successfully applied to measure higher concentration of creatinine in real time using dynamic optical response of the LC.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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