{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2114591","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2114591","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.c.2114591","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Zhang, Xingliang","givenName":"Xingliang","familyName":"Zhang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Fang, Chao","givenName":"Chao","familyName":"Fang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zhong, Wenqing","givenName":"Wenqing","familyName":"Zhong","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Meng, Qingqi","givenName":"Qingqi","familyName":"Meng","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Lin, Qianwen","givenName":"Qianwen","familyName":"Lin","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Huang, Xiulan","givenName":"Xiulan","familyName":"Huang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Li, Chengyan","givenName":"Chengyan","familyName":"Li","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Huang, Yuge","givenName":"Yuge","familyName":"Huang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Tan, Jianxin","givenName":"Jianxin","familyName":"Tan","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Ambient PM2.5 exposure exacerbates severity of allergic asthma in previously sensitized mice"}],"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","container":{},"publicationYear":2015,"subjects":[{"subject":"Infectious Diseases"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Science Policy"},{"subject":"Biological Sciences"},{"subject":"Immunology"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Chemistry"},{"subject":"Molecular Biology"},{"subject":"Genetics"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Medicine"},{"subject":"Biochemistry"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2015-12-05","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2019-08-19","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2015","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"\u003ci\u003eObjective\u003c/i\u003e: Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated concentrations of ambient particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM2.5) correlates with increased incidence of asthma. The aim of this study was to determine whether PM2.5 participates in the exacerbation of asthma. \u003ci\u003eMethods\u003c/i\u003e: Effects of 1, 10 and 100 μg PM2.5 instilled intratracheally in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized or asthmatic mice were compared. \u003ci\u003eResults\u003c/i\u003e: PM2.5 exposure in the OVA-sensitized and especially asthmatic groups increased Mch responsiveness in a dose-dependent manner. In OVA-sensitized groups, exposure to 1 μg of PM2.5 caused no detectable lung inflammation, while 10 and 100 μg of PM2.5 resulted in a slightly increased trend in numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. Compared with the asthmatic control group, both 10 and 100 μg of PM2.5 provoked a significant increase in eosnophils and neutrophils whereas only 100 μg of PM2.5 noticeably enhanced lymphocytes. In asthmatic groups, administration of 100 μg of PM2.5 greatly increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and Th2-related cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but it decreased Th1-related INF-γ. In addition, 10 and 100 μg of PM2.5 exacerbated inflammatory infiltration, goblet cell metaplasia and lung ultrastructure lesions in asthmatic mice. \u003ci\u003eConclusions\u003c/i\u003e: Our results suggested that acute exposure of PM2.5 could synergize with allergens in the subsequent challenge to aggravate the severity of asthma in sensitized mice, possibly by promoting a Th2-biased immune response.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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