{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2113529","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2113529","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.c.2113529","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"M. Vijayaraj","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"S. K. Hait","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"A. K. Harinarain","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"S. S. V. Ramakumar","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Tribochemical Transformation of Nano TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e to Ilmenite on the Surface of Wearing Steel Parts: Antiwear Action of Nano TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e as an Additive in Engine Oil"}],"publisher":"Figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2015,"subjects":[{"subject":"Biochemistry"},{"subject":"Space Science"},{"subject":"Medicine"},{"subject":"Molecular Biology"},{"subject":"59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Ecology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Sociology"},{"subject":"FOS: Sociology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Sociology","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2015-12-05","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2016-05-20","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2015","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/10402004.2015.1079670","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"CC-BY","rightsUri":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e nanoparticles of average size about 20–30 nm were hydrothermally synthesized from TiCl\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e under mild acidic conditions. The nanoparticles were mixed with dispersant and base oil to give a partially transparent concentrate with 1.5 wt% of Ti content. The concentrate was dispersed in hexane and base oil to characterize, respectively, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The concentrate was diluted with base oil to a parts per million level of Ti containing dispersion blends that were evaluated for wear and friction control performance. Nano TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e containing fully formulated oil blend showed excellent load-bearing capability in Swingung, Reibung, Verschleiβ (SRV; oscillation, friction, wear) tests. Four-ball test results show that the wear scar diameter was considerably reduced to 0.30 mm for TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-added blend compared to neat base oil (0.60 mm). The performance of TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-added blend was comparable to secondary zinc dialkyl dithiophospate (ZDDP)-added blend under identical condition. Raman spectra of the worn surface on the tested ball revealed the presence of ilmenite (FeTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) and no deposits of pure TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHJlc291cmNlIHhtbG5zOnhzaT0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMS9YTUxTY2hlbWEtaW5zdGFuY2UiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vZGF0YWNpdGUub3JnL3NjaGVtYS9rZXJuZWwtNCIgeHNpOnNjaGVtYUxvY2F0aW9uPSJodHRwOi8vZGF0YWNpdGUub3JnL3NjaGVtYS9rZXJuZWwtNCBodHRwOi8vc2NoZW1hLmRhdGFjaXRlLm9yZy9tZXRhL2tlcm5lbC00L21ldGFkYXRhLnhzZCI+CiAgPGlkZW50aWZpZXIgaWRlbnRpZmllclR5cGU9IkRPSSI+MTAuNjA4NC9NOS5GSUdTSEFSRS5DLjIxMTM1Mjk8L2lkZW50aWZpZXI+CiAgPGNyZWF0b3JzPgogICAgPGNyZWF0b3I+CiAgICAgIDxjcmVhdG9yTmFtZT5NLiBWaWpheWFyYWo8L2NyZWF0b3JOYW1lPgogICAgPC9jcmVhdG9yPgogICAgPGNyZWF0b3I+CiAgICAgIDxjcmVhdG9yTmFtZT5TLiBLLiBIYWl0PC9jcmVhdG9yTmFtZT4KICAgIDwvY3JlYXRvcj4KICAgIDxjcmVhdG9yPgogICAgICA8Y3JlYXRvck5hbWU+QS4gSy4gSGFyaW5hcmFpbjwvY3JlYXRvck5hbWU+CiAgICA8L2NyZWF0b3I+CiAgICA8Y3JlYXRvcj4KICAgICAgPGNyZWF0b3JOYW1lPlMuIFMuIFYuIFJhbWFrdW1hcjwvY3JlYXRvck5hbWU+CiAgICA8L2NyZWF0b3I+CiAgPC9jcmVhdG9ycz4KICA8dGl0bGVzPgogICAgPHRpdGxlPlRyaWJvY2hlbWljYWwgVHJhbnNmb3JtYXRpb24gb2YgTmFubyBUaU8mbHQ7c3ViJmd0OzImbHQ7L3N1YiZndDsgdG8gSWxtZW5pdGUgb24gdGhlIFN1cmZhY2Ugb2YgV2VhcmluZyBTdGVlbCBQYXJ0czogQW50aXdlYXIgQWN0aW9uIG9mIE5hbm8gVGlPJmx0O3N1YiZndDsyJmx0Oy9zdWImZ3Q7IGFzIGFuIEFkZGl0aXZlIGluIEVuZ2luZSBPaWw8L3RpdGxlPgogIDwvdGl0bGVzPgogIDxwdWJsaXNoZXI+Rmlnc2hhcmU8L3B1Ymxpc2hlcj4KICA8cHVibGljYXRpb25ZZWFyPjIwMTU8L3B1YmxpY2F0aW9uWWVhcj4KICA8cmVzb3VyY2VUeXBlIHJlc291cmNlVHlwZUdlbmVyYWw9IkNvbGxlY3Rpb24iPkNvbGxlY3Rpb248L3Jlc291cmNlVHlwZT4KICA8c3ViamVjdHM+CiAgICA8c3ViamVjdD5CaW9jaGVtaXN0cnk8L3N1YmplY3Q+CiAgICA8c3ViamVjdD5TcGFjZSBTY2llbmNlPC9zdWJqZWN0PgogICAgPHN1YmplY3Q+TWVkaWNpbmU8L3N1YmplY3Q+CiAgICA8c3ViamVjdD5Nb2xlY3VsYXIgQmlvbG9neTwvc3ViamVjdD4KICAgIDxzdWJqZWN0IHN1YmplY3RTY2hlbWU9IkZPUiI+NTk5OTkgRW52aXJvbm1lbnRhbCBTY2llbmNlcyBub3QgZWxzZXdoZXJlIGNsYXNzaWZpZWQ8L3N1YmplY3Q+CiAgICA8c3ViamVjdCBzdWJqZWN0U2NoZW1lPSJGaWVsZHMgb2YgU2NpZW5jZSBhbmQgVGVjaG5vbG9neSAoRk9TKSIgc2NoZW1lVVJJPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lm9lY2Qub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvaW5uby8zODIzNTE0Ny5wZGYiPkZPUzogRWFydGggYW5kIHJlbGF0ZWQgZW52aXJvbm1lbnRhbCBzY2llbmNlczwvc3ViamVjdD4KICAgIDxzdWJqZWN0IHN1YmplY3RTY2hlbWU9IkZpZWxkcyBvZiBTY2llbmNlIGFuZCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IChGT1MpIj5GT1M6IEVhcnRoIGFuZCByZWxhdGVkIGVudmlyb25tZW50YWwgc2NpZW5jZXM8L3N1YmplY3Q+CiAgICA8c3ViamVjdCBzdWJqZWN0U2NoZW1lPSJGT1IiPjM5OTk5IENoZW1pY2FsIFNjaWVuY2VzIG5vdCBlbHNld2hlcmUgY2xhc3NpZmllZDwvc3ViamVjdD4KICAgIDxzdWJqZWN0IHN1YmplY3RTY2hlbWU9IkZpZWxkcyBvZiBTY2llbmNlIGFuZCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IChGT1MpIiBzY2hlbWVVUkk9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cub2VjZC5vcmcvc2NpZW5jZS9pbm5vLzM4MjM1MTQ3LnBkZiI+Rk9TOiBDaGVtaWNhbCBzY2llbmNlczwvc3ViamVjdD4KICAgIDxzdWJqZWN0IHN1YmplY3RTY2hlbWU9IkZpZWxkcyBvZiBTY2llbmNlIGFuZCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IChGT1MpIj5GT1M6IENoZW1pY2FsIHNjaWVuY2VzPC9zdWJqZWN0PgogICAgPHN1YmplY3Q+RWNvbG9neTwvc3ViamVjdD4KICAgIDxzdWJqZWN0IHN1YmplY3RTY2hlbWU9IkZpZWxkcyBvZiBTY2llbmNlIGFuZCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IChGT1MpIiBzY2hlbWVVUkk9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cub2VjZC5vcmcvc2NpZW5jZS9pbm5vLzM4MjM1MTQ3LnBkZiI+Rk9TOiBCaW9sb2dpY2FsIHNjaWVuY2VzPC9zdWJqZWN0PgogICAgPHN1YmplY3Qgc3ViamVjdFNjaGVtZT0iRmllbGRzIG9mIFNjaWVuY2UgYW5kIFRlY2hub2xvZ3kgKEZPUykiPkZPUzogQmlvbG9naWNhbCBzY2llbmNlczwvc3ViamVjdD4KICAgIDxzdWJqZWN0PlNvY2lvbG9neTwvc3ViamVjdD4KICAgIDxzdWJqZWN0IHN1YmplY3RTY2hlbWU9IkZpZWxkcyBvZiBTY2llbmNlIGFuZCBUZWNobm9sb2d5IChGT1MpIiBzY2hlbWVVUkk9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cub2VjZC5vcmcvc2NpZW5jZS9pbm5vLzM4MjM1MTQ3LnBkZiI+Rk9TOiBTb2Npb2xvZ3k8L3N1YmplY3Q+CiAgICA8c3ViamVjdCBzdWJqZWN0U2NoZW1lPSJGaWVsZHMgb2YgU2NpZW5jZSBhbmQgVGVjaG5vbG9neSAoRk9TKSI+Rk9TOiBTb2Npb2xvZ3k8L3N1YmplY3Q+CiAgPC9zdWJqZWN0cz4KICA8ZGF0ZXM+CiAgICA8ZGF0ZSBkYXRlVHlwZT0iQ3JlYXRlZCI+MjAxNS0xMi0wNTwvZGF0ZT4KICAgIDxkYXRlIGRhdGVUeXBlPSJVcGRhdGVkIj4yMDE2LTA1LTIwPC9kYXRlPgogICAgPGRhdGUgZGF0ZVR5cGU9Iklzc3VlZCI+MjAxNTwvZGF0ZT4KICA8L2RhdGVzPgogIDxyZWxhdGVkSWRlbnRpZmllcnM+CiAgICA8cmVsYXRlZElkZW50aWZpZXIgcmVsYXRlZElkZW50aWZpZXJUeXBlPSJET0kiIHJlbGF0aW9uVHlwZT0iSXNTdXBwbGVtZW50VG8iPjEwLjEwODAvMTA0MDIwMDQuMjAxNS4xMDc5NjcwPC9yZWxhdGVkSWRlbnRpZmllcj4KICA8L3JlbGF0ZWRJZGVudGlmaWVycz4KICA8c2l6ZXMvPgogIDxmb3JtYXRzLz4KICA8dmVyc2lvbi8+CiAgPHJpZ2h0c0xpc3Q+CiAgICA8cmlnaHRzIHJpZ2h0c1VSST0iaHR0cDovL2NyZWF0aXZlY29tbW9ucy5vcmcvbGljZW5zZXMvYnkvMy4wL3VzIj5DQy1CWTwvcmlnaHRzPgogIDwvcmlnaHRzTGlzdD4KICA8ZGVzY3JpcHRpb25zPgogICAgPGRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIGRlc2NyaXB0aW9uVHlwZT0iQWJzdHJhY3QiPlRpTyZsdDtzdWImZ3Q7MiZsdDsvc3ViJmd0OyBuYW5vcGFydGljbGVzIG9mIGF2ZXJhZ2Ugc2l6ZSBhYm91dCAyMOKAkzMwIG5tIHdlcmUgaHlkcm90aGVybWFsbHkgc3ludGhlc2l6ZWQgZnJvbSBUaUNsJmx0O3N1YiZndDs0Jmx0Oy9zdWImZ3Q7IHVuZGVyIG1pbGQgYWNpZGljIGNvbmRpdGlvbnMuIFRoZSBuYW5vcGFydGljbGVzIHdlcmUgbWl4ZWQgd2l0aCBkaXNwZXJzYW50IGFuZCBiYXNlIG9pbCB0byBnaXZlIGEgcGFydGlhbGx5IHRyYW5zcGFyZW50IGNvbmNlbnRyYXRlIHdpdGggMS41IHd0JSBvZiBUaSBjb250ZW50LiBUaGUgY29uY2VudHJhdGUgd2FzIGRpc3BlcnNlZCBpbiBoZXhhbmUgYW5kIGJhc2Ugb2lsIHRvIGNoYXJhY3Rlcml6ZSwgcmVzcGVjdGl2ZWx5LCBieSB0cmFuc21pc3Npb24gZWxlY3Ryb24gbWljcm9zY29weSAoVEVNKSBhbmQgZHluYW1pYyBsaWdodCBzY2F0dGVyaW5nIChETFMpLiBUaGUgY29uY2VudHJhdGUgd2FzIGRpbHV0ZWQgd2l0aCBiYXNlIG9pbCB0byBhIHBhcnRzIHBlciBtaWxsaW9uIGxldmVsIG9mIFRpIGNvbnRhaW5pbmcgZGl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