{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2076170.v1","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2076170.v1","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.c.2076170.v1","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Noordmann, Janine","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Janine","familyName":"Noordmann","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Weyer, Stefan","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Stefan","familyName":"Weyer","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"R. 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Furthermore, U isotope fractionation during the removal of U at mid-ocean ridges, an important sink for U from the oceans, was investigated by the analyses of hydrothermal water samples (including low- and high-temperature fluids), low-temperature altered basalts and calcium carbonate veins. All analysed rock samples from the continental crust fall into a limited range of δ\u003csup\u003e238\u003c/sup\u003eU between −0.45 and −0.21 ‰ (relative to NBL CRM 112-A), with an average of −0.30 ± 0.15 ‰ (2 SD, \u003ci\u003eN\u003c/i\u003e = 11). Despite differences in catchment lithologies, all major rivers define a relatively narrow range between −0.31 and −0.13 ‰, with a weighted mean isotope composition of −0.27 ‰, which is indistinguishable from the estimate for the upper continental crust (−0.30 ‰). Only some tributary rivers from the Swiss Alps display a slightly larger range in δ\u003csup\u003e238\u003c/sup\u003eU (−0.29 to +0.01 ‰) and lower U concentrations (0.87–3.08 nmol/kg) compared to the investigated major rivers (5.19–11.69 nmol/kg). These findings indicate that only minor net U isotope fractionation occurs during weathering and transport of material from the continental crust to the oceans. Altered basalts display moderately enriched U concentrations (by a factor of 3–18) compared to those typically observed for normal mid-ocean ridge basalts. These, and carbonate veins within altered basalts, show large U isotope fractionation towards both heavy and light U isotope compositions (ranging from −0.63 to +0.27 ‰). Hydrothermal water samples display low U concentrations (0.3–1 nmol/kg) and only limited variations in their U isotope composition (−0.43 ± 0.25 ‰) around the seawater value. Nevertheless, two of the investigated fluids display significantly lower δ\u003csup\u003e238\u003c/sup\u003eU (−0.55 and −0.59 ‰) than seawater (−0.38 ‰). These findings, together with the heavier U isotope composition observed for some altered basalts and carbonate veins support a model, in which redox processes mostly drive U isotope fractionation. This may result in a slightly heavier U isotope composition of U that is removed from seawater during hydrothermal seafloor alteration compared to that of seawater. Using the estimated isotope compositions of rivers and all U sinks from the ocean (of this study and the literature) for modelling of the isotopic U mass balance, this gives reasonable results for recent estimates of the oceanic U budget. It furthermore provides additional constraints on the relative size of the diverse U sinks and respective net isotope fractionation during U removal.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.2076170.V1</identifier>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Noordmann, Janine</creatorName>
      <givenName>Janine</givenName>
      <familyName>Noordmann</familyName>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Weyer, Stefan</creatorName>
      <givenName>Stefan</givenName>
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      <creatorName>R. Bastian Georg</creatorName>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Jöns, Svenja</creatorName>
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    <title>&lt;sup&gt;238&lt;/sup&gt;U/&lt;sup&gt;235&lt;/sup&gt;U isotope ratios of crustal material, rivers and products of hydrothermal alteration: new insights on the oceanic U isotope mass balance</title>
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  <publicationYear>2015</publicationYear>
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  <subjects>
    <subject>Space Science</subject>
    <subject>Physiology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)" schemeURI="http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf">FOS: Biological sciences</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)">FOS: Biological sciences</subject>
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    <subject subjectScheme="Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)">FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="FOR">39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)" schemeURI="http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf">FOS: Chemical sciences</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)">FOS: Chemical sciences</subject>
    <subject>Ecology</subject>
    <subject>Sociology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)" schemeURI="http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf">FOS: Sociology</subject>
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    <subject>Inorganic Chemistry</subject>
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  <dates>
    <date dateType="Created">2015-12-05</date>
    <date dateType="Updated">2016-05-12</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2015</date>
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    <description descriptionType="Abstract">In this study, the U isotope composition, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;sup&gt;238&lt;/sup&gt;U)/&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;sup&gt;235&lt;/sup&gt;U), of major components of the upper continental crust, including granitic rocks of different age and post-Archaean shales, as well as that of rivers (the major U source to the oceans) was investigated. Furthermore, U isotope fractionation during the removal of U at mid-ocean ridges, an important sink for U from the oceans, was investigated by the analyses of hydrothermal water samples (including low- and high-temperature fluids), low-temperature altered basalts and calcium carbonate veins. All analysed rock samples from the continental crust fall into a limited range of δ&lt;sup&gt;238&lt;/sup&gt;U between −0.45 and −0.21 ‰ (relative to NBL CRM 112-A), with an average of −0.30 ± 0.15 ‰ (2 SD, &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 11). Despite differences in catchment lithologies, all major rivers define a relatively narrow range between −0.31 and −0.13 ‰, with a weighted mean isotope composition of −0.27 ‰, which is indistinguishable from the estimate for the upper continental crust (−0.30 ‰). Only some tributary rivers from the Swiss Alps display a slightly larger range in δ&lt;sup&gt;238&lt;/sup&gt;U (−0.29 to +0.01 ‰) and lower U concentrations (0.87–3.08 nmol/kg) compared to the investigated major rivers (5.19–11.69 nmol/kg). These findings indicate that only minor net U isotope fractionation occurs during weathering and transport of material from the continental crust to the oceans. Altered basalts display moderately enriched U concentrations (by a factor of 3–18) compared to those typically observed for normal mid-ocean ridge basalts. These, and carbonate veins within altered basalts, show large U isotope fractionation towards both heavy and light U isotope compositions (ranging from −0.63 to +0.27 ‰). Hydrothermal water samples display low U concentrations (0.3–1 nmol/kg) and only limited variations in their U isotope composition (−0.43 ± 0.25 ‰) around the seawater value. Nevertheless, two of the investigated fluids display significantly lower δ&lt;sup&gt;238&lt;/sup&gt;U (−0.55 and −0.59 ‰) than seawater (−0.38 ‰). These findings, together with the heavier U isotope composition observed for some altered basalts and carbonate veins support a model, in which redox processes mostly drive U isotope fractionation. This may result in a slightly heavier U isotope composition of U that is removed from seawater during hydrothermal seafloor alteration compared to that of seawater. Using the estimated isotope compositions of rivers and all U sinks from the ocean (of this study and the literature) for modelling of the isotopic U mass balance, this gives reasonable results for recent estimates of the oceanic U budget. It furthermore provides additional constraints on the relative size of the diverse U sinks and respective net isotope fractionation during U removal.</description>
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