{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2056493.v1","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2056493.v1","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.c.2056493.v1","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Tang, Bin","givenName":"Bin","familyName":"Tang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Li, Qian","givenName":"Qian","familyName":"Li","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Li, Na","givenName":"Na","familyName":"Li","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wang, Kun","givenName":"Kun","familyName":"Wang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Gu, Jiang","givenName":"Jiang","familyName":"Gu","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Li, Jing-Xin","givenName":"Jing-Xin","familyName":"Li","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zou, Quan-ming","givenName":"Quan-ming","familyName":"Zou","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zhu, Feng-Cai","givenName":"Feng-Cai","familyName":"Zhu","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Mao, Xu-hu","givenName":"Xu-hu","familyName":"Mao","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zhao, Xiu-hua","givenName":"Xiu-hua","familyName":"Zhao","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wang, Hai-guang","givenName":"Hai-guang","familyName":"Wang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Fang, Yao","givenName":"Yao","familyName":"Fang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Jia, Yin-ping","givenName":"Yin-ping","familyName":"Jia","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zhu, Pan","givenName":"Pan","familyName":"Zhu","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Jiao, Yong-jun","givenName":"Yong-jun","familyName":"Jiao","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Tong, Wen-de","givenName":"Wen-de","familyName":"Tong","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wang, Marissa","givenName":"Marissa","familyName":"Wang","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Shiga toxins induce autophagic cell death in intestinal epithelial cells via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway"}],"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","container":{},"publicationYear":2015,"subjects":[{"subject":"Infectious Diseases"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Cancer"},{"subject":"Biological Sciences"},{"subject":"Immunology"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Chemistry"},{"subject":"Molecular Biology"},{"subject":"Genetics"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Cell Biology"},{"subject":"Microbiology"},{"subject":"Biochemistry"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2015-12-05","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2019-08-19","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2015","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"GEN","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"article","schemaOrg":"Collection","resourceType":"Collection","resourceTypeGeneral":"Collection"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsIdenticalTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.6084/m9.figshare.c.2056493","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Shiga toxins (Stxs) are a family of cytotoxic proteins that lead to the development of bloody diarrhea, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and central nervous system complications caused by bacteria such as \u003ci\u003eS. dysenteriae\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eE. coli\u003c/i\u003e O157:H7 and \u003ci\u003eE. coli\u003c/i\u003e O104:H4. Increasing evidence indicates that macroautophagy (autophagy) is a key factor in the cell death induced by Stxs. However, the associated mechanisms are not yet clear. This study showed that Stx2 induces autophagic cell death in Caco-2 cells, a cultured line model of human enterocytes. Inhibition of autophagy using pharmacological inhibitors, such as 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e, or silencing of the autophagy genes \u003ci\u003eATG12\u003c/i\u003e or \u003ci\u003eBECN1\u003c/i\u003e decreased the Stx2-induced death in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, there were numerous instances of dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the Stx2-treated Caco-2 cells, and repression of ER stress due to the depletion of viable candidates of DDIT3 and NUPR1. These processes led to Stx2-induced autophagy and cell death. Finally, the data showed that the pseudokinase TRIB3-mediated DDIT3 expression and AKT1 dephosphorylation upon ER stress were triggered by Stx2. Thus, the data indicate that Stx2 causes autophagic cell death via the ER stress pathway in intestinal epithelial cells.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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