{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.4818643.v2","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.4818643.v2","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.4818643.v2","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Petrov, Alexander","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Alexander","familyName":"Petrov","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1369-860X","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"Coinage in Norway during the King Olav I Tryggvasonʼs reign (995 – 1000) / Возникновение денежного дела в Норвегии в эпоху викингов: пеннинги Улава I (995 – 1000)"}],"publisher":"figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2017,"subjects":[{"subject":"History"},{"subject":"140203 Economic History","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Economics and business","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Economics and business","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Archaeology"},{"subject":"150299 Banking, Finance and Investment not elsewhere classified","subjectScheme":"FOR"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2017-04-17","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2017-04-17","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2017","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsPreviousVersionOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.6084/m9.figshare.4818643","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["2139590 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"The article is about a decisive moment in the history of Norway and Russia – the Viking Age – and the very begynning of coinage in Norway. \u003cbr\u003eFor the first time in Russian numismatic historiography a paper has got all silver pennings minted during the reign of Viking King Olav I Tryggvason, who is equality venerated in Norway and Russia. The author believes that Norwegian imitations of the Anglo-Saxon silver penny “Crux” were hammered in Nidaros (Trondheim) by local silversmiths. Scandinavia had a long tradition of minting imitative coins, such as bracteates, which were used as jewellery. \u003cbr\u003eThere is reason to assume that the begynning of Vikings’ imitative “Crux” coinage in Norway happened in 997 – 998: Olav I Tryggvason had chosen Nidaros as a royal residence in 997, imitations of the new Anglo-Saxon penny “Long Cross” appeared in Scandinavia in 998 making “Crux” obsolete.\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eCopyright following the coin catalogue number (1, 2, 3, 4)\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eПервая монета\u003c/b\u003e: ©2015 Nationalmuseet av Danmark, København, фотограф Т.Б. Кристенсен / Christensen, Tine Bonde (лицензия CC BY-SA 2.5 DK). За отснятую монету признателен Tine Bonde Christensen, museumsinspektør.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eВторая монета\u003c/b\u003e: ©2015 Historiska Museet, Lunds Universitet, Sverige, за предоставление изображения монеты и разрешение на ее публикацию признателен Gitte Ingvardson, antikvarie i Nordisk Numismatik ved Lunds Universitets Historiska Museet. All Rights Reserved.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eТретья монета\u003c/b\u003e из Kungliga Myntkabinettet (Stockholm): ©2015 Kulturhistorisk museum, Universitetet i Oslo, фотограф Л.-А. Чепстов-Лусти / Chepstow-Lusty, Lill-Ann (лицензия CC BY-SA 4.0)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eЧетвертая монета\u003c/b\u003e: ©2015 Münzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (лицензия CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 DE)","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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