{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.19165370.v47","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.19165370.v47","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.19165370.v47","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Arend, Peter","givenName":"Peter","familyName":"Arend","nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-4167","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}],"affiliation":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Anti-Tn-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) might form the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): A proposed immunobiological background"}],"publisher":"figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2022,"subjects":[{"subject":"Developmental Biology"},{"subject":"60107 Enzymes","schemeUri":"http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6BB427AB9696C225CA2574180004463E","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"60305 Evolution of Developmental Systems","schemeUri":"http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6BB427AB9696C225CA2574180004463E","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"60406 Genetic Immunology","schemeUri":"http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6BB427AB9696C225CA2574180004463E","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"110702 Applied Immunology (incl. Antibody Engineering, Xenotransplantation and T-cell Therapies)","schemeUri":"http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6BB427AB9696C225CA2574180004463E","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"110703 Autoimmunity","schemeUri":"http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6BB427AB9696C225CA2574180004463E","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"111601 Cell Physiology","schemeUri":"http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/6BB427AB9696C225CA2574180004463E","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Basic medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2022-08-19","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2022-09-26","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2022","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsPreviousVersionOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.6084/m9.figshare.19165370","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["285521 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"The anti-Tn-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) might be identical to the nonimmune, germline-encoded blood group A-reactive isoagglutinin, expressed by the ancient poly- and autoreactive germline-encoded immunoglobulin M (IgM) in humans, which is serologically identical to anti-A from the C57BL/10 mouse and hardly arises in response to A-allelic genetic activities. This antibody, which does not occur in sera from blood group A individuals, may reflect the functions of metazoan defense proteins or lectins, which are considered non-self/self-recognition molecules that monitor expression of the cross-species evolutionary serological Tn antigen (\u003cem\u003eO\u003c/em\u003e-GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr-R). Tn (T nouvelle) is an intermediate structure, almost exclusively expressed in tumor tissues and represents a key point of non-self-/self-recognition in metazoan species, while its complementary protein in human plasma, the anti-Tn-reactive IgM, mediates growth process monitoring. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades the human body via a trans-species Tn formation. The viral serine molecule, mobilized from the viral spike (S) protein by the host transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2) enzyme, was identified as a fusion molecule, essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection, wherein the syngeneic serine might be replaced by the pathogen molecule and the key point of nonself/self-recognition become the target of infection and source of aggressive autoimmunization. While it was argued that anti-Tn is protective against SARS-CoV-2, the hypothetical, cross-species enzyme-substrate competition between the host and viral serine molecule occurs preferentially in blood group A and the other non-O blood groups, whereas in blood group O(H), the foreignness of the hybrid Tn epitope is recognized as non-self by the corresponding anti-Tn-reactive IgM, which in concert with secondary anti-Tn-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) forms the first line of defense. 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