{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1569467","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1569467","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.1569467","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Mukae, Kyosuke","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Kyosuke","familyName":"Mukae","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Inoue, Yuko","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Yuko","familyName":"Inoue","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Moriyasu, Yuji","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Yuji","familyName":"Moriyasu","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"ATG5-knockout mutants of Physcomitrella provide a platform for analyzing the involvement of autophagy in senescence processes in plant cells"}],"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","container":{},"publicationYear":2015,"subjects":[{"subject":"Biochemistry"},{"subject":"Microbiology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Cell Biology"},{"subject":"Genetics"},{"subject":"Molecular Biology"},{"subject":"Physiology"},{"subject":"Evolutionary Biology"},{"subject":"Immunology"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Clinical medicine","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Developmental Biology"},{"subject":"Cancer"},{"subject":"Plant Biology"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2015-10-08","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2019-06-03","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2015","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/15592324.2015.1086859","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["9484390 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Autophagy is a pathway in which a cell degrades part of its cytoplasm in vacuoles or lysosomes. To identify the physiological functions of autophagy in plants, we disrupted \u003ci\u003eATG5\u003c/i\u003e, an autophagy-related gene, in \u003ci\u003ePhyscomitrella\u003c/i\u003e, and confirmed that \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e mutants are deficient in the process of autophagy. On carbon or nitrogen starvation medium, \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e colonies turned yellow earlier than the wild-type (WT) colonies, showing that \u003ci\u003ePhyscomitrella atg5\u003c/i\u003e mutants, like yeast and \u003ci\u003eArabidopsis\u003c/i\u003e, are sensitive to nutrient starvation. In the dark, even under nutrient-sufficient conditions, colonies turned yellow and the net degradation of chlorophyll and Rubisco protein occurred together with the upregulation of several senescence-associated genes. Yellowing reactions were inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, suggesting that protonemal colonies undergo dark-induced senescence like the green leaves of higher plants. Such senescence responses in the dark occurred earlier in \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e colonies than WT colonies. The sugar content was almost the same between WT and \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e colonies, indicating that the early-senescence phenotype of \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e is not explained by sugar deficiency. However, the levels of 7 amino acids showed significantly different alteration between \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e and WT in the dark: 6 amino acids, particularly arginine and alanine, were much more deficient in the \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e mutants, irrespective of the early degradation of Rubisco protein. On nutrient-sufficient medium supplemented with casamino acids, the early-senescence phenotype was slightly moderated. We propose that the early-senescence phenotype in \u003ci\u003eatg5\u003c/i\u003e mutants is partly explained by amino acid imbalance because of the lack of cytoplasmic degradation by autophagy in \u003ci\u003ePhyscomitrella\u003c/i\u003e.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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