{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1488677","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1488677","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.1488677","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"P Sebastián Tambusso","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Fariña, Richard A.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Richard A.","familyName":"Fariña","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Digital cranial endocast of \u003ci\u003ePseudoplohophorus absolutus\u003c/i\u003e (Xenarthra, Cingulata) and its systematic and evolutionary implications"}],"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","container":{},"publicationYear":2015,"subjects":[{"subject":"111714 Mental Health","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Developmental Biology"},{"subject":"Ecology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Evolutionary Biology"},{"subject":"Neuroscience"},{"subject":"Molecular Biology"},{"subject":"Genetics"},{"subject":"Physics"},{"subject":"Biophysics"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2015-07-20","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2015-12-03","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2015","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/02724634.2015.967853","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["3193703 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"ABSTRACTGlyptodonts are a group of extinct xenarthrans with several anatomical features that make them one of the most bizarre groups of mammals. By the late 19th century, some authors began to analyze the brain of Pleistocene glyptodonts using natural endocranial casts. These studies revealed the small size of the brain of the large Pleistocene forms. However, the evolution of the brain in glyptodonts and how it fits in a phylogenetic context has not been analyzed. In order to evaluate the evolution of the brain in this group, we described the first digital endocranial cast of the late Miocene glyptodont \u003ci\u003ePseudoplohophorus absolutus\u003c/i\u003e and compared it with digital endocranial casts of the Pleistocene glyptodonts \u003ci\u003eGlyptodon, Doedicurus\u003c/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003ePanochthus\u003c/i\u003e and the extant armadillos \u003ci\u003eDasypus, Euphractus, Chaetophractus\u003c/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003eZaedyus\u003c/i\u003e. The endocast morphology of \u003ci\u003eP. absolutus\u003c/i\u003e is similar to that of Pleistocene glyptodonts: large olfactory bulbs, a small cerebrum with a single neocortical sulcus, and a large cerebellum. However, the relative brain size is larger than in the Pleistocene forms, with values of the encephalization quotient (EQ) close to that of extant armadillos. A comparison between xenarthrans orders shows that Cingulata (glyptodonts and armadillos) have lower EQ values than Pilosa (sloths and vermilinguas). This could possibly be related to certain restrictions and benefits imposed by the presence of the carapace in cingulates. Furthermore, because the carapace restricts the development of the cervical musculature that supports the skull, the small size of the brain in glyptodonts could be a trade-off (along with others) to reduce the weight of the skull.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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