{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1428626","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1428626","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.1428626","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Birse, Kenzie","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Kenzie","familyName":"Birse","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Cole, Amanda","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Amanda","familyName":"Cole","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Hirbod, Taha","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Taha","familyName":"Hirbod","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"McKinnon, Lyle","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Lyle","familyName":"McKinnon","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Ball, Terry B.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Terry B.","familyName":"Ball","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Westmacott, Garrett R.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Garrett R.","familyName":"Westmacott","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Kimani, Joshua","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Joshua","familyName":"Kimani","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Plummer, Frank","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Frank","familyName":"Plummer","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Cole, Alexander M.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Alexander M.","familyName":"Cole","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Burgener, Adam","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Adam","familyName":"Burgener","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Broliden, Kristina","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Kristina","familyName":"Broliden","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Non-cationic proteins are associated with HIV neutralizing activity in genital secretions of female sex workers"}],"publisher":"figshare","container":{},"publicationYear":2015,"subjects":[{"subject":"110309 Infectious Diseases","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2015-05-28","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2015-05-28","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2015","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["177191 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Objective: Cationic proteins found in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) are known to contribute to the early antiviral immune response against HIV-infection in vitro. We here aimed to define additional antiviral factors that are over-expressed in CVS from female sex workers at high risk of infection. Methods: CVS were collected from Kenyan HIV-seronegative (n=34) and HIV-seropositive (n=12) female sex workers, and were compared with those from HIV-seronegative low-risk women (n=12). The highly exposed seronegative (HESN) sex workers were further divided into those with less (n=22) or more (n=12) than three years of documented sex work. Cationic protein-depleted CVS were assessed for HIV-neutralizing activity by a PBMC-based HIV-neutralizing assay, and then characterized by proteomics. Results: HIV neutralizing activity was detected in all unprocessed CVS, however only CVS from the female sex worker groups maintained its HIV neutralizing activity after cationic protein-depletion. Differentially abundant proteins were identified in the cationic protein-depleted secretions including 26, 42, and 11 in the HESN\u0026gt;3yr, HESN\u0026lt;3yr, and HIV-positive groups, respectively. Gene ontology placed these proteins into functional categories including proteolysis, oxidation-reduction, and epidermal development. The proteins identified in this study include proteins previously associated with the HESN phenotype in other cohorts as well as novel proteins not yet associated with anti-HIV activities. Conclusion: While cationic proteins appear to contribute to the majority of the intrinsic HIV neutralizing activity in the CVS of low-risk women, a broader range of non-cationic proteins were associated with HIV neutralizing activity in HESN and HIV-positive female sex workers. These results indicate that novel protein factors found in CVS of women with high-risk sexual practices may have inherent antiviral activity, or are involved in other aspects of anti-HIV host defense, and warrant further exploration into their mode of action.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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