{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1275105.v1","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1275105.v1","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.1275105.v1","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Lindsley, William G.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"William G.","familyName":"Lindsley","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Noti, John D.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"John D.","familyName":"Noti","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Francoise M. Blachere","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Thewlis, Robert E.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Robert E.","familyName":"Thewlis","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Martin, Stephen B.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Stephen B.","familyName":"Martin","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Sreekumar Othumpangat","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Noorbakhsh, Bahar","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Bahar","familyName":"Noorbakhsh","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Goldsmith, William T.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"William T.","familyName":"Goldsmith","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Abhishek Vishnu","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Palmer, Jan E.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Jan E.","familyName":"Palmer","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Clark, Karen E.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Karen E.","familyName":"Clark","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Beezhold, Donald H.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Donald H.","familyName":"Beezhold","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Viable Influenza A Virus in Airborne Particles from Human Coughs"}],"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","container":{},"publicationYear":2015,"subjects":[{"subject":"60506 Virology","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"110309 Infectious Diseases","subjectScheme":"FOR"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Health sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Cancer"},{"subject":"Mathematics"},{"subject":"FOS: Mathematics","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Mathematics","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Chemistry"},{"subject":"Geology"},{"subject":"FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Biotechnology"},{"subject":"Pharmacology"},{"subject":"Cell Biology"},{"subject":"Microbiology"},{"subject":"Biochemistry"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2015-01-13","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2016-01-19","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2015","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/15459624.2014.973113","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsPreviousVersionOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1275105","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["202469 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Patients with influenza release aerosol particles containing the virus into their environment. However, the importance of airborne transmission in the spread of influenza is unclear, in part because of a lack of information about the infectivity of the airborne virus. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of viable influenza A virus that was expelled by patients in aerosol particles while coughing. Sixty-four symptomatic adult volunteer outpatients were asked to cough 6 times into a cough aerosol collection system. Seventeen of these participants tested positive for influenza A virus by viral plaque assay (VPA) with confirmation by viral replication assay (VRA). Viable influenza A virus was detected in the cough aerosol particles from 7 of these 17 test subjects (41%). Viable influenza A virus was found in the smallest particle size fraction (0.3 μm to 8 μm), with a mean of 142 plaque-forming units (SD 215) expelled during the 6 coughs in particles of this size. These results suggest that a significant proportion of patients with influenza A release small airborne particles containing viable virus into the environment. Although the amounts of influenza A detected in cough aerosol particles during our experiments were relatively low, larger quantities could be expelled by influenza patients during a pandemic when illnesses would be more severe. Our findings support the idea that airborne infectious particles could play an important role in the spread of influenza.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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