{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1165484","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1165484","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.1165484","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Holbrook, Luke T.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Luke T.","familyName":"Holbrook","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"On the skull of \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e (Mammalia) and its phylogenetic position"}],"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","container":{},"publicationYear":2014,"subjects":[{"subject":"Science Policy"},{"subject":"Biological Sciences"},{"subject":"Ecology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Earth and Environmental Sciences"},{"subject":"Evolutionary Biology"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2014-09-09","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2015-12-02","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2014","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/02724634.2014.854249","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["102608 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"ABSTRACT—The skull of the Paleocene mammal \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e is redescribed here, based on direct study of the type and only specimen. A number of inaccuracies from previous studies are corrected. \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e possesses two potential synapomorphies with perissodactyls, namely, posteriorly broad nasals and a small, laterally facing exposure of the mastoid process of the periotic. The phylogenetic position of \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e is examined using matrices from three studies, two that originally included \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e and for which the scores for \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e are corrected, and another recent study of archaic ungulates that did not originally include \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e. In addition, a new analysis is performed combining data from all three previous studies, including modifications based on the present study. Reanalyses of the three previous studies give conflicting results regarding the issue of perissodactyl ancestry, placing \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e as sister taxon to perissodactyls, as sister taxon to a perissodactyl-phenacodontid clade, or as part of a polytomy with perissodactyls and paenugulates. The results of the new analysis (1) place perissodactyls closer to \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e than to phenacodontids; (2) place Hyracoidea and Proboscidea (i.e., Paenungulata) as sister taxa to Perissodactyla; (3) do not support inclusion of \u003ci\u003eRadinskya\u003c/i\u003e in Phenacolophidae; and (4) are equivocal in placing \u003ci\u003eLophocion\u003c/i\u003e as the phenacodontid closest to perissodactyls. These results thus support neither an Asian nor a North American origin for perissodactyls. Future studies should examine the origins of perissodactyls and other ‘ungulates’ in a broader taxonomic context, in order to more directly address discrepancies between results supported by morphological data and those derived from molecular data.SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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","url":"https://tandf.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