{"data":{"id":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1160489","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.1160489","prefix":"10.6084","suffix":"m9.figshare.1160489","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Onda, Deo Florence L.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Deo Florence L.","familyName":"Onda","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Lluisma, Arturo O.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Arturo O.","familyName":"Lluisma","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Rhodora V. Azanza","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Development, morphological characteristics and viability of temporary cysts of \u003ci\u003ePyrodinium bahamense\u003c/i\u003e var. \u003ci\u003ecompressum\u003c/i\u003e (Dinophyceae) \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c/i\u003e"}],"publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","container":{},"publicationYear":2014,"subjects":[{"subject":"Inorganic Chemistry"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Cancer"},{"subject":"Developmental Biology"},{"subject":"Biological Sciences"},{"subject":"Ecology"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Chemistry"},{"subject":"Earth and Environmental Sciences"},{"subject":"Biotechnology"},{"subject":"Molecular Biology"},{"subject":"Cell Biology"},{"subject":"Microbiology"},{"subject":"Biochemistry"},{"subject":"Biophysics"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2014-09-04","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2014-09-04","dateType":"Updated"},{"date":"2014","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10.1080/09670262.2014.915062","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["50207505 Bytes"],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Pellicle or temporary cysts of \u003ci\u003ePyrodinium bahamense\u003c/i\u003e var. \u003ci\u003ecompressum\u003c/i\u003e (Böhm) Steidinger, Tester \u0026amp; F.J.R. Taylor and their role in bloom dynamics have not yet been adequately characterized and understood. We investigated the role of temperature- and nutrient-mediated stress as factors that could induce pellicle formation in batch cultures. Cellular features and their implications for temporary cyst viability were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Our data suggest that temperature change is one of the key factors influencing pellicle formation, preserving viability at low temperature (i.e. 13°C). Hypnocysts (resting cysts) were not observed. During pellicle formation, motile cells generally undergo ecdysis, extrusion of cytoplasmic materials and bacteria, compaction of the nucleus and non-motility. The outermost covering of the temporary cysts shows red autofluorescence and it contains lower concentrations of chlorophyll (chl) \u003ci\u003ea\u003c/i\u003e and no detectable chl \u003ci\u003ec.\u003c/i\u003e The nuclear region is surrounded by transitional red bodies and other unidentified cellular structures. Temporary cysts can immediately revert back to the motile state upon exposure to optimum conditions. This is accompanied by the expansion of the nuclear region, regeneration of the chloroplasts and enlargement of the cell. Developmental changes during reversal of temporary cysts to motile forms were also observed to cause breaks in the cell covering that could serve as sites for bacterial entry. Though observed \u003ci\u003ein vitro\u003c/i\u003e, such behaviour may also be occurring in nature especially as a response to drastic short-lived environmental changes. This is the first detailed report on the characteristics of temporary cysts of \u003ci\u003eP. bahamense\u003c/i\u003e var\u003ci\u003e. compressum.\u003c/i\u003e","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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