{"data":{"id":"10.5281/zenodo.5513879","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.5513879","prefix":"10.5281","suffix":"zenodo.5513879","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Suleman, Mohamed Hoosen","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Mohamed Hoosen","familyName":"Suleman","affiliation":["Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-1611","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Jaspreet Singh","affiliation":["Department of Social Work, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India"],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Effects of Tobacco on the respiratory system with reference to COVID-19: A Review"}],"publisher":"Zenodo","container":{"type":"Series","identifier":"https://zenodo.org/communities/irjas","identifierType":"URL"},"publicationYear":2021,"subjects":[{"subject":"COVID-19"},{"subject":"Tobacco"},{"subject":"Smoking"},{"subject":"Lungs"},{"subject":"Airway diseases"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2021-09-17","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"JOUR","bibtex":"article","citeproc":"article-journal","schemaOrg":"ScholarlyArticle","resourceTypeGeneral":"JournalArticle"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsVersionOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.5281/zenodo.5513878","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsPartOf","relatedIdentifier":"https://zenodo.org/communities/irjas","relatedIdentifierType":"URL"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"},{"rights":"Open Access","rightsUri":"info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a lower respiratory tract disease that has negatively affected the health and well-being of millions globally. World Health Organization (WHO) has since declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The highly contagious virus spreads via respiratory droplets and aerosol particles when people cough, sneeze or talk close to others. The effects on the lungs include inflammation, fluid accumulation, reduced gaseous exchange, hypoxemia, and tissue necrosis. As the virus affects the respiratory system of humans, there are many assumptions as to whether or not smoking increases the threat of COVID-19. Tobacco use kills up to half of its all-time users, with current predictions estimating that more than 1 billion people could die from tobacco use in the 21\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e century. This study aims to unpack the pathological effects of tobacco smoking on the respiratory system and explore the potential impact of COVID-19 on the lungs of smokers. This is a review article that is based on secondary information collected from various sources such as published and unpublished Journal Articles, Newspapers, Books, and Reports from various Government Organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations, and Commissions.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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","url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5513879","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":0,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"viewsOverTime":[],"downloadCount":0,"dow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