{"data":{"id":"10.5281/zenodo.22147117","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.22147117","prefix":"10.5281","suffix":"zenodo.22147117","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Berthier, Etienne","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Etienne","familyName":"Berthier","affiliation":["Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"0000-0001-5978-9155","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"13 October 2019 Pléiades (CNES) pre-event Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for the rock-ice avalanche source area of the August 2026 Trishuli catastrophic flood"}],"publisher":"Zenodo","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2026-08-28","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":null,"types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"HasVersion","relatedIdentifier":"10.5281/zenodo.22147118","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":null,"rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"===========================\n\nIntroduction\n\nOn 26 August 2026, a catastrophic debris flow hit the Trishuli river in Nepal and Tibet : (see e.g. https://www.antarcticglaciers.org/2026/08/august-2026-nepal-tibet-floods/)\n\nWe provide here pre-event Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the rock-ice avalanche area from a Pléiades tri-stereo acquired on the 13 October 2019, 7 years before the event. Images were obtained thanks to the Pléiades World Heritage program of Dinamis (https://dinamis.data-terra.org/) and CNES, the French Space Agency.\n\nThe collection includes five DEMs:\n\n\n\n2019-10-13_PHR1A_DEM_SGM_20m.tif\n\n2019-10-13_PHR1A_DEM_SGM_4m.tif\n\n2019-10-13_PHR1A_DEM_SGM_2m.tif\n\n2019-10-13_PHR1A_DEM_SGM_2m_merged.tif\n\n2019-10-13_PHR1A_DEM_SGM_2m_merged_filledCop30.tif\n\n\n===========================\n\nMethods\n\nThe three Pléiades images were processed by pairs using the Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP, Beyer et al., 2018), yielding in total nine DEMs in 2x2m, 4x4m and 20x20 m ground sampling distances (GSD). The processing was done using as only input the stereo-images and their orientation information, as Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs). The parallel_stereo routine performs all the steps needed in the correlation of the stereo-images, yielding a pointcloud which is then gridded at three GSD using the routine point2dem. We used the semi global matching (SGM) algorithm and the set of processing parameters from Deschamps-Berger et al. (2020). All individual DEMs have all been coregistered to the Copernicus 30 DEM using David Shean's dem_align implementation of Nuth \u0026 Kaab (2011). Then, for each GSD, the three DEMs are mosaicked using the median value.\n\nTwo additional 2m DEMs are provided:\n\n2019-10-13_PHR1A_DEM_SGM_2m_merged.tif results from a merging of the three above DEMs retaining the highest resolution where available and filling in the gaps with the coarser resolution ones.\n\n2019-10-13_PHR1A_DEM_SGM_2m_merged_filledCop30.tif where the data gaps have been filled using Cop30. This is for those of you who need a complete DEM. At the cost of asynchronicity and creating artefacts. NOT TO BE USED for elevation change mapping.\n\n\n\nBeyer, R. A., Alexandrov, O., and McMichael, S.: The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA's Open Source Software for Deriving and Processing Terrain Data, Earth and Space Science, 5, 537–548, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000409, 2018.\n\nDeschamps-Berger, C., Gascoin, S., Berthier, E., Deems, J., Gutmann, E., Dehecq, A., Shean, D., and Dumont, M.: Snow depth mapping from stereo satellite imagery in mountainous terrain: evaluation using airborne laser-scanning data, The Cryosphere, 14, 2925–2940, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2925-2020, 2020.\n\nNuth, C. and Kääb, A.: Co-registration and bias corrections of satellite elevation data sets for quantifying glacier thickness change, The Cryosphere, 5, 271–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-271-2011, 2011.\n\n\n===========================\n\nData Specifications:\n\nCartographic projection: UTM zone 45N (EPSG:32645)\n\nOrigin of Elevation: meters above WGS84 ellipsoid\n\nRaster data format: GeoTIFF\n\nNoData value : -9999\n\nThis dataset includes only DEMs because a licence needs to be signed with CNES to access Pléiades imagery.\n\n===========================\n\nAcknowledgements: \n\nPléiades images were provided by Dinamis (https://dinamis.data-terra.org/) and the Pléiades World Heritage.\n\nCopyright is: Pléiades © CNES 2019, distribution AIRBUS DS\n\n===========================\n\nDataset Attribution:\n\nThis dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 International License (Attribution-NonCommercial).\n\n===========================\n\nCitation:\n\nPlease cite this repository as:\n\nEtienne Berthier. (2026).13 October 2019 Pléiades (CNES) pre-event Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for the rock-ice avalanche source area of the August 2026 Trishuli catastrophic flood. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.22147118","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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