{"data":{"id":"10.5061/dryad.x69p8czzn","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.x69p8czzn","prefix":"10.5061","suffix":"dryad.x69p8czzn","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Lozano-Sanchez, Enrique","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Enrique","familyName":"Lozano-Sanchez","affiliation":["Universitat Politècnica de València"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Moreno-Gonzalez, Miguel","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Miguel","familyName":"Moreno-Gonzalez","affiliation":["University of California San Diego"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Merwaiss, Fernando","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Fernando","familyName":"Merwaiss","affiliation":["Universitat Politècnica de València"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Steinmetz, Nicole","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Nicole","familyName":"Steinmetz","affiliation":["University of California San Diego"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Daròs, José-Antonio","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"José-Antonio","familyName":"Daròs","affiliation":["Universitat Politècnica de València"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Aagard, Marnie","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Marnie","familyName":"Aagard","affiliation":["University of California San Diego"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0810-2201","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"Data from: Plant-produced viral nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies against HER2 improve retention and recruitment of immune cells in solid tumors"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"Cancer vaccines","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Cancer immunotherapy","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Breast cancer","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Cancer treatment","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Plant biotechnology","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Biotechnology","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Bionanotechnology","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Nanoengineering","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Biomedical engineering","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological 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Plantas","affiliation":[],"contributorType":"Sponsor","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2026-02-24T21:29:54Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2026-02-24T21:29:55Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1002/adhm.202505936","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["68323 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"2","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Potato virus X (PVX), a filamentous, positive-sense RNA plant virus, has\n been engineered into a molecular tool for diverse biotechnological\n applications, including cancer cell targeting. Here, we present the\n production and functional characterization of genetically-encoded\n PVX-derived nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies targeting two common\n receptors in human cancer cells, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)\n and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). We first generated a series of\n PVX-derived nanoparticles displaying distinct nanobodies against EGFR and\n HER2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Self-assembly and structural\n integrity of the recombinant nanoparticles were confirmed by immunogold\n electron microscopy. We next characterized in vitro the cancer-cell\n binding capacity of the different recombinant viral nanoparticles (VNPs)\n by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Best performing VNPs were\n further assayed in vivo using tumor-bearing mice. Results showed that\n nanobody decoration can increase retention time and myeloid cell\n recruitment in the tumor microenvironment in HER2+ mouse tumor models in\n vivo. In conclusion, nanobody-displaying PVX-derived nanoparticles may\n constitute a new promising plant-produced biotechnological product for\n cancer immunotherapy.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"# Data from: Plant-produced viral nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies\n against HER2 improve retention and recruitment of immune cells in solid\n tumors Dataset DOI:\n [10.5061/dryad.x69p8czzn](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x69p8czzn) This\n contains the data used for experimental analysis for the article:\n Plant-produced viral nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies against HER2\n improve retention and recruitment of immune cells in solid tumors\n (Authors: Enrique Lozano-Sanchez#, Miguel A. Moreno-Gonzalez#, Fernando\n Merwaiss, Nicole F. Steinmetz, and José-Antonio Daròs). These data support\n experimental efforts to engineer Potato virus X (PVX)–derived\n nanoparticles functionalized with nanobodies targeting EGFR and HER2 and\n to evaluate their structural integrity, cellular binding behavior, and\n biological performance. Data were generated from plant-based nanoparticle\n production, electron microscopy, in vitro cell-based assays, and in vivo\n studies in mouse tumor models. ### Files and variables #### File:\n EGFR_confocal.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of total intensity values\n obtained from confocal images using PVX-nEGFR-1,2,3 and Anti-EGFR against\n EGFR+ cells (A-431). Images used for analysis can be found in Supporting\n Information of the main article. ##### Variables * Particles are named in\n the top row, with total intensity values listed below. #### File:\n EGFR_flow_cytometry.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of mean fluorescence\n intensity values obtained via flow cytometry analysis using\n PVX-nEGFR-1,2,3 and Anti-EGFR against EGFR+ cells (A-431). ##### Variables\n * Particles are named in the top row, with mean fluorescence intensity\n values listed below. #### File: HER2_flow_cytometry.xlsx\n **Description:** Dataset of mean fluorescence intensity values obtained\n via flow cytometry analysis using PVX-nHER2-1,2,3 and Anti-HER2 against\n HER2+ cells (CT26-HER2). ##### Variables * Particles are named in the top\n row, with mean fluorescence intensity values listed below. #### File:\n HER2_confocal.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of total intensity values\n obtained from confocal images using PVX-nHER2-1,2,3 and Anti-EGFR against\n HER2+ cells (CT26-HER2). Images used for analysis can be found in\n Supporting Information of the main article. ##### Variables * Particles\n are named in the top row, with total intensity values listed below. ####\n File: PVX-nHER2-2_tumor.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of total intensity\n values analyzing immune cell recruitment (Ly/6G-Ly-6G) and PVX-nHER2-2\n presence (VNP) in SKBR3 tumor cryosections after intratumoral\n immunization. Images used for analysis can be found in Supporting\n Information of the main article. ##### Variables * PBS (Phosphate-buffered\n saline); VNP (Viral nanoparticle) #### File:\n PVX-VHH_size_characterization.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of Potato\n virus X (PVX) and recombinant PVX displaying 3 different EGFR nanobodies\n (PVX-nEGFR-1,2 and 3) or HER2 nanobodies (PVX-nHER2-1,2 and 3)\n measurements (in nm) obtained using ImageJ software from different TEM\n images (images used can be found in Supporting Information of the main\n article). ##### Variables * No variables were used in this dataset.\n Particles are named in the top row, with sample group sizes (in\n nanometers) listed below.  ## Code/software All data files are provided in\n spreadsheet format (.xlsx) and can be accessed using Microsoft Excel or\n other compatible spreadsheet software.","descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"Agencia Estatal de Investigación","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/003x0zc53","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"},{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"Generalitat Valenciana","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/0097mvx21","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"},{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"National Cancer Institute","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5061/DRYAD.X69P8CZZN</identifier>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Lozano-Sanchez, Enrique</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01460j859" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Universitat Politècnica de València</affiliation>
    </creator>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Moreno-Gonzalez, Miguel</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0168r3w48" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of California San Diego</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Merwaiss, Fernando</creatorName>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Steinmetz, Nicole</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0168r3w48" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of California San Diego</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Daròs, José-Antonio</creatorName>
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    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Aagard, Marnie</creatorName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0168r3w48" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of California San Diego</affiliation>
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  <titles>
    <title>
      Data from: Plant-produced viral nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies
      against HER2 improve retention and recruitment of immune cells in solid
      tumors
    </title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
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    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Cancer vaccines</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Cancer immunotherapy</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Breast cancer</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Cancer treatment</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Plant biotechnology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Biotechnology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Bionanotechnology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Nanoengineering</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Biomedical engineering</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Biological sciences</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Chemical sciences</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Health sciences</subject>
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    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Medical biotechnology</subject>
    <subject>Viral Nanoparticles</subject>
    <subject>Nanobodies</subject>
    <subject>plant virus</subject>
    <subject>Potato Virus X</subject>
    <subject>PVX</subject>
    <subject>epidermal growth factor receptor</subject>
    <subject>EGFR</subject>
    <subject>human epidermal growth factor 2</subject>
    <subject>HER2</subject>
  </subjects>
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      <funderName>Agencia Estatal de Investigación</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/003x0zc53</funderIdentifier>
      <awardTitle/>
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    <fundingReference>
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    </fundingReference>
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  <contributors>
    <contributor contributorType="Sponsor">
      <contributorName>Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas</contributorName>
    </contributor>
  </contributors>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Created">2026-02-24T21:29:54Z</date>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2026-02-24T21:29:55Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2026-03-18T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2026-03-18T00:00:00Z</date>
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    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      Potato virus X (PVX), a filamentous, positive-sense RNA plant virus, has
      been engineered into a molecular tool for diverse biotechnological
      applications, including cancer cell targeting. Here, we present the
      production and functional characterization of genetically-encoded
      PVX-derived nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies targeting two common
      receptors in human cancer cells, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
      and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). We first generated a series of
      PVX-derived nanoparticles displaying distinct nanobodies against EGFR and
      HER2 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Self-assembly and structural
      integrity of the recombinant nanoparticles were confirmed by immunogold
      electron microscopy. We next characterized in vitro the cancer-cell
      binding capacity of the different recombinant viral nanoparticles (VNPs)
      by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Best performing VNPs were
      further assayed in vivo using tumor-bearing mice. Results showed that
      nanobody decoration can increase retention time and myeloid cell
      recruitment in the tumor microenvironment in HER2+ mouse tumor models in
      vivo. In conclusion, nanobody-displaying PVX-derived nanoparticles may
      constitute a new promising plant-produced biotechnological product for
      cancer immunotherapy.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">
      # Data from: Plant-produced viral nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies
      against HER2 improve retention and recruitment of immune cells in solid
      tumors Dataset DOI:
      [10.5061/dryad.x69p8czzn](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.x69p8czzn) This
      contains the data used for experimental analysis for the article:
      Plant-produced viral nanoparticles decorated with nanobodies against HER2
      improve retention and recruitment of immune cells in solid tumors
      (Authors: Enrique Lozano-Sanchez#, Miguel A. Moreno-Gonzalez#, Fernando
      Merwaiss, Nicole F. Steinmetz, and José-Antonio Daròs). These data support
      experimental efforts to engineer Potato virus X (PVX)–derived
      nanoparticles functionalized with nanobodies targeting EGFR and HER2 and
      to evaluate their structural integrity, cellular binding behavior, and
      biological performance. Data were generated from plant-based nanoparticle
      production, electron microscopy, in vitro cell-based assays, and in vivo
      studies in mouse tumor models. ### Files and variables #### File:
      EGFR_confocal.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of total intensity values
      obtained from confocal images using PVX-nEGFR-1,2,3 and Anti-EGFR against
      EGFR+ cells (A-431). Images used for analysis can be found in Supporting
      Information of the main article. ##### Variables * Particles are named in
      the top row, with total intensity values listed below. #### File:
      EGFR_flow_cytometry.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of mean fluorescence
      intensity values obtained via flow cytometry analysis using
      PVX-nEGFR-1,2,3 and Anti-EGFR against EGFR+ cells (A-431). ##### Variables
      * Particles are named in the top row, with mean fluorescence intensity
      values listed below. #### File: HER2_flow_cytometry.xlsx
      **Description:** Dataset of mean fluorescence intensity values obtained
      via flow cytometry analysis using PVX-nHER2-1,2,3 and Anti-HER2 against
      HER2+ cells (CT26-HER2). ##### Variables * Particles are named in the top
      row, with mean fluorescence intensity values listed below. #### File:
      HER2_confocal.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of total intensity values
      obtained from confocal images using PVX-nHER2-1,2,3 and Anti-EGFR against
      HER2+ cells (CT26-HER2). Images used for analysis can be found in
      Supporting Information of the main article. ##### Variables * Particles
      are named in the top row, with total intensity values listed below. ####
      File: PVX-nHER2-2_tumor.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of total intensity
      values analyzing immune cell recruitment (Ly/6G-Ly-6G) and PVX-nHER2-2
      presence (VNP) in SKBR3 tumor cryosections after intratumoral
      immunization. Images used for analysis can be found in Supporting
      Information of the main article. ##### Variables * PBS (Phosphate-buffered
      saline); VNP (Viral nanoparticle) #### File:
      PVX-VHH_size_characterization.xlsx **Description:** Dataset of Potato
      virus X (PVX) and recombinant PVX displaying 3 different EGFR nanobodies
      (PVX-nEGFR-1,2 and 3) or HER2 nanobodies (PVX-nHER2-1,2 and 3)
      measurements (in nm) obtained using ImageJ software from different TEM
      images (images used can be found in Supporting Information of the main
      article). ##### Variables * No variables were used in this dataset.
      Particles are named in the top row, with sample group sizes (in
      nanometers) listed below.  ## Code/software All data files are provided in
      spreadsheet format (.xlsx) and can be accessed using Microsoft Excel or
      other compatible spreadsheet software.
    </description>
  </descriptions>
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