{"data":{"id":"10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzhc8","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzhc8","prefix":"10.5061","suffix":"dryad.v6wwpzhc8","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Huang, Zegui","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6091-5964","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Li, ZeHua","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-0087","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Wu, Yu-Biao","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zheng, Huan-Cong","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Liu, Zhao-Yu","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"He, Wan-Bing","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zhang, Hai-Feng","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Wang, Jing-Feng","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Zhang, Shao-Ling","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Gao, Jing-Wei","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Liu, Pin-Ming","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet accelerates diabetic vascular calcification via gut microbiota-dependent TUDCA depletion"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Basic medicine","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"Diet and type 2 diabetes","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"vascular calcification"},{"subject":"gut microbiota"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2026-08-09T15:21:59Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2026-08-11T17:11:28Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["4864083574 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"6","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet (LC-HPD) is widely adopted for weight\n loss and glycaemic control, yet its long-term cardiovascular safety\n remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether LC-HPD\n promotes diabetic vascular calcification (VC) and to elucidate the\n mechanistic role of gut microbiota and its metabolites. The effect of\n LC-HPD on diabetic VC was examined in induced (ApoE−/−) and spontaneous\n (db/db) mouse models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To establish\n causality, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), mono-colonisation, and\n depletion of Faecalibaculum rodentium (F. rodentium) were performed.\n Integrated metabolomics identified key metabolites, with mechanistic\n validation in vivo and in vitro.LC-HPD exacerbated diabetic VC and\n promoted osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells\n (VSMCs). FMT from LC-HPD-fed donors recapitulated these effects,\n indicating a microbiota-dependent mechanism. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed\n marked enrichment of F. rodentium. Depletion of F. rodentium attenuated,\n whereas colonisation aggravated, aortic calcification and VSMC phenotypic\n switching. Metabolomics demonstrated that F. rodentium possesses bile salt\n hydrolase activity, hydrolysing tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to\n ursodeoxycholic acid, thereby reducing circulating TUDCA. TUDCA\n supplementation suppressed excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,\n blocked VSMC osteogenic differentiation, and alleviated VC. In vitro\n experiments confirmed that TUDCA dose-dependently suppressed VSMC\n calcification by inhibiting ER stress. LC‑HPD accelerates diabetic VC by\n enriching F. rodentium, which depletes TUDCA and thereby unleashes ER\n stress‑driven VSMC osteogenesis. These findings identify the TUDCA/ER\n stress axis as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular\n complications, suggesting that related microbiota–bile acid mechanisms in\n humans warrant further investigation.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"# Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet accelerates diabetic vascular\n calcification via gut microbiota-dependent TUDCA depletion Dataset DOI:\n [10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzhc8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzhc8) ##\n Description of the data and file structure This dataset contains a 16S\n rRNA gene sequencing for the induced T2DM mouse model (*ApoE*^−/−^ male\n mice), a 16S rRNA gene sequencing for the induced T2DM mouse model\n (*db/db* male mice), an untargeted metabolomics and bile acid targeted\n metabolomics of mouse serum in induced T2DM mouse model. This study used\n two T2DM mouse models, integrating in vivo LC-HPD interventions, 16S rRNA\n gene sequencing, and metabolomics analysis to investigate the impact of\n LC-HPD on diabetic VC and the mediating role of the gut microbiota and its\n metabolites. ### Files and variables #### File:\n Microbiome_(16S_in_induced_T2DM)_fastq.zip **Description:** This dataset\n was generated to assess the gut microbiome of Ctrl group (*ApoE*^−/−^ ),\n T2DM group (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM model),T2DM+LC-HPD group\n (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM model+LC-HPD intervention), and LC-HPD group\n (*ApoE*^−/−^ +LC-HPD intervention). **File naming convention:** sample\n name_Laboratory abbreviation_File creation date_Phase_Sample testing\n date_File sorting_R1/R2 sample name: C1: faeces sample 1 of the Ctrl group\n C2: faeces sample 2 of the Ctrl group C4: faeces sample 3 of the Ctrl\n group C6: faeces sample 4 of the Ctrl group C7: faeces sample 5 of the\n Ctrl group C9: faeces sample 6 of the Ctrl group L11: faeces sample 1 of\n the LC-HPD group L13: faeces sample 2 of the LC-HPD group L14: faeces\n sample 3 of the LC-HPD group L16: faeces sample 4 of the LC-HPD group L17:\n faeces sample 5 of the LC-HPD group L19: faeces sample 6 of the LC-HPD\n group T21: faeces sample 1 of the T2DM group T23: faeces sample 2 of the\n T2DM group T25: faeces sample 3 of the T2DM group T26: faeces sample 4 of\n the T2DM group T27: faeces sample 5 of the T2DM group T29: faeces sample 6\n of the T2DM group TL36: faeces sample 1 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL38:\n faeces sample 2 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL39: faeces sample 3 of the\n T2DM+LC-HPD group TL40: faeces sample 4 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL42:\n faeces sample 5 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL44: faeces sample 6 of the\n T2DM+LC-HPD group Laboratory abbreviation: The laboratory where the author\n works File creation date：The time when the original data was generated\n Phase：Experimental stage Sample testing date：The time when the sample\n began to be tested File sorting：The files are naturally sorted in the\n testing machine. R1/R2: Paired-end sequencing read direction. R1 = forward\n read, R2 = reverse read. Each R1 and R2 file pair represents the two ends\n of the same sequencing library, not biological replicates. #### File:\n Microbiome_(16S_in_spontaneous_T2DM)_fastq.zip **Description:** This\n dataset was generated to assess the gut microbiome of Ctrl group (WT),\n T2DM group (*db/db* spontaneous T2DM model),T2DM+LC-HPD group\n (*db/db * spontaneous T2DM model+LC-HPD intervention),\n and LC-HPD group (WT+LC-HPD intervention). **File naming convention:**\n sample name_null_Sample testing date_File sorting_R1/R2 sample name: C46:\n faeces sample 1 of the Ctrl group C47: faeces sample 2 of the Ctrl group\n C48: faeces sample 3 of the Ctrl group C50: faeces sample 4 of the Ctrl\n group C51: faeces sample 5 of the Ctrl group C53: faeces sample 6 of the\n Ctrl group L70: faeces sample 1 of the LC-HPD group L71: faeces sample 2\n of the LC-HPD group L72: faeces sample 3 of the LC-HPD group L73: faeces\n sample 4 of the LC-HPD group L74: faeces sample 5 of the LC-HPD group L76:\n faeces sample 6 of the LC-HPD group T2: faeces sample 1 of the T2DM group\n T3: faeces sample 2 of the T2DM group T4: faeces sample 3 of the T2DM\n group T6: faeces sample 4 of the T2DM group T8: faeces sample 5 of the\n T2DM group T9: faeces sample 6 of the T2DM group TL27: faeces sample 1 of\n the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL30: faeces sample 2 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL31:\n faeces sample 3 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL33: faeces sample 4 of the\n T2DM+LC-HPD group TL35: faeces sample 5 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL36:\n faeces sample 6 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group null: The omission due to the\n failure to abbreviate the laboratory institution name Sample testing\n date：The time when the sample began to be tested File sorting：The files\n are naturally sorted in the testing machine. R1/R2: Paired-end sequencing\n read direction. R1 = forward read, R2 = reverse read. Each R1 and R2 file\n pair represents the two ends of the same sequencing library, not\n biological replicates. #### File:\n Serum_bile_acid_targeted_metabolomics_in_induced_T2DM.zip\n **Description:** This dataset was generated to assess the serum bile acid\n metabolites of T2DM group (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM model),T2DM+*F.\n rodentium* group (*ApoE*^−/−^  induced T2DM model+*F. rodentium* ). **File\n naming convention:** sample name sample name: T1: Serum sample 1 of the\n T2DM group T2: Serum sample 2 of the T2DM group T3: Serum sample 3 of the\n T2DM group T4: Serum sample 4 of the T2DM group T5: Serum sample 5 of the\n T2DM group T6: Serum sample 6 of the T2DM group TF1: Serum sample 1 of the\n T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF2: Serum sample 2 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium*\n group TF3: Serum sample 3 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF4: Serum\n sample 4 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF5: Serum sample 5 of the\n T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF6: Serum sample 6 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium*\n group **File naming convention:** serial number \\_1_Quality control sample\n name_number Serial number: The serial number of the testing machine 1: The\n plan for the first sequencing on that day Quality control sample\n name_number： QC-1 QC-2 QC-3 #### File:\n Serum_non-target_metabolomics_in_induced_T2DM.zip\n **Description: **This dataset was generated to assess\n the serum metabolites of T2DM group (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM\n model),T2DM+*F. rodentium* group (*ApoE*^−/−^  induced T2DM model+*F.\n rodentium* ). **File naming convention:** sample name_NEG/POS sample name:\n T1: Serum sample 1 of the T2DM group T2: Serum sample 2 of the T2DM group\n T3: Serum sample 3 of the T2DM group T4: Serum sample 4 of the T2DM group\n T5: Serum sample 5 of the T2DM group T6: Serum sample 6 of the T2DM group\n TF1 Serum sample 1 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF2: Serum sample 2 of\n the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF3: Serum sample 3 of the T2DM+*F.\n rodentium* group TF4 Serum sample 4 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF5:\n Serum sample 5 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF6 Serum sample 6 of the\n T2DM+*F. rodentium* group NEG/POS：They respectively represent the negative\n ion mode (Negative mode) and the positive ion mode (Positive mode) during\n the mass spectrometry data acquisition. **File naming convention:**\n Quality control sample name_NEG/POS Quality control sample name： QC-1 QC-2\n QC-3 QC-4 NEG/POS：They respectively represent the negative ion mode\n (Negative mode) and the positive ion mode (Positive mode) during the mass\n spectrometry data acquisition. ### Code/Software R (version 4.2.2) was\n used for all primary analyses. The .mzml files also can be opened using\n ProteoWizard (with SeeMS).","descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","awardNumber":"82570967","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"},{"funderName":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","awardNumber":"82170457","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5061/DRYAD.V6WWPZHC8</identifier>
  <creators>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Huang, Zegui</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0001-6091-5964</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Li, ZeHua</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0001-5624-0087</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0400g8r85" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Wu, Yu-Biao</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Zheng, Huan-Cong</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Liu, Zhao-Yu</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">He, Wan-Bing</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Zhang, Hai-Feng</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Wang, Jing-Feng</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Zhang, Shao-Ling</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Gao, Jing-Wei</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Liu, Pin-Ming</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01px77p81" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
  </creators>
  <titles>
    <title>
      Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet accelerates diabetic vascular
      calcification via gut microbiota-dependent TUDCA depletion
    </title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">dataset</resourceType>
  <publicationYear>2026</publicationYear>
  <subjects>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Basic medicine</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Diet and type 2 diabetes</subject>
    <subject>vascular calcification</subject>
    <subject>gut microbiota</subject>
  </subjects>
  <fundingReferences>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/01h0zpd94</funderIdentifier>
      <awardNumber>82570967</awardNumber>
      <awardTitle/>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/01h0zpd94</funderIdentifier>
      <awardNumber>82170457</awardNumber>
      <awardTitle/>
    </fundingReference>
  </fundingReferences>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Created">2026-08-09T15:21:59Z</date>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2026-08-11T17:11:28Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2026-08-17T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2026-08-17T00:00:00Z</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
  <sizes>
    <size>4864083574 bytes</size>
  </sizes>
  <version>6</version>
  <rightsList>
    <rights rightsURI="https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html">Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</rights>
  </rightsList>
  <descriptions>
    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet (LC-HPD) is widely adopted for weight
      loss and glycaemic control, yet its long-term cardiovascular safety
      remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether LC-HPD
      promotes diabetic vascular calcification (VC) and to elucidate the
      mechanistic role of gut microbiota and its metabolites. The effect of
      LC-HPD on diabetic VC was examined in induced (ApoE−/−) and spontaneous
      (db/db) mouse models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To establish
      causality, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), mono-colonisation, and
      depletion of Faecalibaculum rodentium (F. rodentium) were performed.
      Integrated metabolomics identified key metabolites, with mechanistic
      validation in vivo and in vitro.LC-HPD exacerbated diabetic VC and
      promoted osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells
      (VSMCs). FMT from LC-HPD-fed donors recapitulated these effects,
      indicating a microbiota-dependent mechanism. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed
      marked enrichment of F. rodentium. Depletion of F. rodentium attenuated,
      whereas colonisation aggravated, aortic calcification and VSMC phenotypic
      switching. Metabolomics demonstrated that F. rodentium possesses bile salt
      hydrolase activity, hydrolysing tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to
      ursodeoxycholic acid, thereby reducing circulating TUDCA. TUDCA
      supplementation suppressed excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,
      blocked VSMC osteogenic differentiation, and alleviated VC. In vitro
      experiments confirmed that TUDCA dose-dependently suppressed VSMC
      calcification by inhibiting ER stress. LC‑HPD accelerates diabetic VC by
      enriching F. rodentium, which depletes TUDCA and thereby unleashes ER
      stress‑driven VSMC osteogenesis. These findings identify the TUDCA/ER
      stress axis as a potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular
      complications, suggesting that related microbiota–bile acid mechanisms in
      humans warrant further investigation.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">
      # Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet accelerates diabetic vascular
      calcification via gut microbiota-dependent TUDCA depletion Dataset DOI:
      [10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzhc8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v6wwpzhc8) ##
      Description of the data and file structure This dataset contains a 16S
      rRNA gene sequencing for the induced T2DM mouse model (*ApoE*^−/−^ male
      mice), a 16S rRNA gene sequencing for the induced T2DM mouse model
      (*db/db* male mice), an untargeted metabolomics and bile acid targeted
      metabolomics of mouse serum in induced T2DM mouse model. This study used
      two T2DM mouse models, integrating in vivo LC-HPD interventions, 16S rRNA
      gene sequencing, and metabolomics analysis to investigate the impact of
      LC-HPD on diabetic VC and the mediating role of the gut microbiota and its
      metabolites. ### Files and variables #### File:
      Microbiome_(16S_in_induced_T2DM)_fastq.zip **Description:** This dataset
      was generated to assess the gut microbiome of Ctrl group (*ApoE*^−/−^ ),
      T2DM group (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM model),T2DM+LC-HPD group
      (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM model+LC-HPD intervention), and LC-HPD group
      (*ApoE*^−/−^ +LC-HPD intervention). **File naming convention:** sample
      name_Laboratory abbreviation_File creation date_Phase_Sample testing
      date_File sorting_R1/R2 sample name: C1: faeces sample 1 of the Ctrl group
      C2: faeces sample 2 of the Ctrl group C4: faeces sample 3 of the Ctrl
      group C6: faeces sample 4 of the Ctrl group C7: faeces sample 5 of the
      Ctrl group C9: faeces sample 6 of the Ctrl group L11: faeces sample 1 of
      the LC-HPD group L13: faeces sample 2 of the LC-HPD group L14: faeces
      sample 3 of the LC-HPD group L16: faeces sample 4 of the LC-HPD group L17:
      faeces sample 5 of the LC-HPD group L19: faeces sample 6 of the LC-HPD
      group T21: faeces sample 1 of the T2DM group T23: faeces sample 2 of the
      T2DM group T25: faeces sample 3 of the T2DM group T26: faeces sample 4 of
      the T2DM group T27: faeces sample 5 of the T2DM group T29: faeces sample 6
      of the T2DM group TL36: faeces sample 1 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL38:
      faeces sample 2 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL39: faeces sample 3 of the
      T2DM+LC-HPD group TL40: faeces sample 4 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL42:
      faeces sample 5 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL44: faeces sample 6 of the
      T2DM+LC-HPD group Laboratory abbreviation: The laboratory where the author
      works File creation date：The time when the original data was generated
      Phase：Experimental stage Sample testing date：The time when the sample
      began to be tested File sorting：The files are naturally sorted in the
      testing machine. R1/R2: Paired-end sequencing read direction. R1 = forward
      read, R2 = reverse read. Each R1 and R2 file pair represents the two ends
      of the same sequencing library, not biological replicates. #### File:
      Microbiome_(16S_in_spontaneous_T2DM)_fastq.zip **Description:** This
      dataset was generated to assess the gut microbiome of Ctrl group (WT),
      T2DM group (*db/db* spontaneous T2DM model),T2DM+LC-HPD group
      (*db/db&amp;#xA0;*&amp;#x20;spontaneous T2DM model+LC-HPD intervention),
      and LC-HPD group (WT+LC-HPD intervention). **File naming convention:**
      sample name_null_Sample testing date_File sorting_R1/R2 sample name: C46:
      faeces sample 1 of the Ctrl group C47: faeces sample 2 of the Ctrl group
      C48: faeces sample 3 of the Ctrl group C50: faeces sample 4 of the Ctrl
      group C51: faeces sample 5 of the Ctrl group C53: faeces sample 6 of the
      Ctrl group L70: faeces sample 1 of the LC-HPD group L71: faeces sample 2
      of the LC-HPD group L72: faeces sample 3 of the LC-HPD group L73: faeces
      sample 4 of the LC-HPD group L74: faeces sample 5 of the LC-HPD group L76:
      faeces sample 6 of the LC-HPD group T2: faeces sample 1 of the T2DM group
      T3: faeces sample 2 of the T2DM group T4: faeces sample 3 of the T2DM
      group T6: faeces sample 4 of the T2DM group T8: faeces sample 5 of the
      T2DM group T9: faeces sample 6 of the T2DM group TL27: faeces sample 1 of
      the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL30: faeces sample 2 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL31:
      faeces sample 3 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL33: faeces sample 4 of the
      T2DM+LC-HPD group TL35: faeces sample 5 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group TL36:
      faeces sample 6 of the T2DM+LC-HPD group null: The omission due to the
      failure to abbreviate the laboratory institution name Sample testing
      date：The time when the sample began to be tested File sorting：The files
      are naturally sorted in the testing machine. R1/R2: Paired-end sequencing
      read direction. R1 = forward read, R2 = reverse read. Each R1 and R2 file
      pair represents the two ends of the same sequencing library, not
      biological replicates. #### File:
      Serum_bile_acid_targeted_metabolomics_in_induced_T2DM.zip
      **Description:** This dataset was generated to assess the serum bile acid
      metabolites of T2DM group (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM model),T2DM+*F.
      rodentium* group (*ApoE*^−/−^  induced T2DM model+*F. rodentium* ). **File
      naming convention:** sample name sample name: T1: Serum sample 1 of the
      T2DM group T2: Serum sample 2 of the T2DM group T3: Serum sample 3 of the
      T2DM group T4: Serum sample 4 of the T2DM group T5: Serum sample 5 of the
      T2DM group T6: Serum sample 6 of the T2DM group TF1: Serum sample 1 of the
      T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF2: Serum sample 2 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium*
      group TF3: Serum sample 3 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF4: Serum
      sample 4 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF5: Serum sample 5 of the
      T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF6: Serum sample 6 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium*
      group **File naming convention:** serial number \_1_Quality control sample
      name_number Serial number: The serial number of the testing machine 1: The
      plan for the first sequencing on that day Quality control sample
      name_number： QC-1 QC-2 QC-3 #### File:
      Serum_non-target_metabolomics_in_induced_T2DM.zip
      **Description:&amp;#xA0;**&amp;#x54;his dataset was generated to assess
      the serum metabolites of T2DM group (*ApoE*^−/−^ induced T2DM
      model),T2DM+*F. rodentium* group (*ApoE*^−/−^  induced T2DM model+*F.
      rodentium* ). **File naming convention:** sample name_NEG/POS sample name:
      T1: Serum sample 1 of the T2DM group T2: Serum sample 2 of the T2DM group
      T3: Serum sample 3 of the T2DM group T4: Serum sample 4 of the T2DM group
      T5: Serum sample 5 of the T2DM group T6: Serum sample 6 of the T2DM group
      TF1 Serum sample 1 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF2: Serum sample 2 of
      the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF3: Serum sample 3 of the T2DM+*F.
      rodentium* group TF4 Serum sample 4 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF5:
      Serum sample 5 of the T2DM+*F. rodentium* group TF6 Serum sample 6 of the
      T2DM+*F. rodentium* group NEG/POS：They respectively represent the negative
      ion mode (Negative mode) and the positive ion mode (Positive mode) during
      the mass spectrometry data acquisition. **File naming convention:**
      Quality control sample name_NEG/POS Quality control sample name： QC-1 QC-2
      QC-3 QC-4 NEG/POS：They respectively represent the negative ion mode
      (Negative mode) and the positive ion mode (Positive mode) during the mass
      spectrometry data acquisition. ### Code/Software R (version 4.2.2) was
      used for all primary analyses. The .mzml files also can be opened using
      ProteoWizard (with SeeMS).
    </description>
  </descriptions>
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