{"data":{"id":"10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1dh","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1dh","prefix":"10.5061","suffix":"dryad.s7h44j1dh","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Kajale, Shivam","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Shivam","familyName":"Kajale","affiliation":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-976X","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Nguyen, Thanh","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Thanh","familyName":"Nguyen","affiliation":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-2160","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Hung, Nguyen Tuan","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Nguyen Tuan","familyName":"Hung","affiliation":["Tohoku University"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Li, Mingda","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Mingda","familyName":"Li","affiliation":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7055-6368","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Sarkar, Deblina","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Deblina","familyName":"Sarkar","affiliation":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-1666","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"Data from: Field-free deterministic switching of all-van der Waals spin-orbit torque system above room temperature"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2024,"subjects":[{"subject":"van der Waals"},{"subject":"Spintronics","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"spin-orbit torque"},{"subject":"Fe3GaTe2"},{"subject":"FOS: Nano-technology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"}],"contributors":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","affiliation":[],"contributorType":"Sponsor","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2024-01-21T18:16:11Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2024-02-08T15:52:44Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.04930","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1126/sciadv.adk8669","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["12434468 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"4","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials hold promise for\n the development of high-density, energy-efficient spintronic devices for\n memory and computation. Recent breakthroughs in material discoveries and\n spin-orbit torque (SOT) control of vdW ferromagnets have opened a path for\n integration of vdW magnets in commercial spintronic devices. However, a\n solution for field-free electric control of perpendicular magnetic\n anisotropy (PMA) vdW magnets at room temperatures, essential for building\n compact and thermally stable spintronic devices, is still missing. Here,\n we report a solution for the field-free, deterministic and non-volatile\n switching of a PMA vdW ferromagnet, Fe3GaTe2 above room temperature (up to\n 320 K). We use the unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping torque from an\n adjacent WTe2 layer to enable such switching with a low current density of\n 2.23 × 106 A cm-2. This study exemplifies the efficacy of low-symmetry vdW\n materials for spin-orbit torque control of vdW ferromagnets and provides\n an all-vdW solution for the next generation of scalable and\n energy-efficient spintronic devices.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"Device Morphology Thicknesses of the\n constituent flakes were characterized after encapsulation using a Cypher\n VRS AFM. Polarized Raman spectra of WTe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e flakes was\n acquired using a 532 nm laser with a WITec Alpha300 Apyron Confocal Raman\n microscope, by rotating the polarizer and analyzer while the sample was\n static. Transport Measurements All\n transport measurements were performed in a 9 T PPMS DynaCool system.\n Measurements were performed by sourcing current using a Keithley 6221\n current source and measuring the transverse voltage across the devices,\n using a Keithley 2182A nanovoltmeter. Anomalous Hall effect measurements\n with field sweeps were performed using a drive current of 50 – 200 A. For\n the current-induced switching measurements, a 1 ms pulse of write-current\n was followed by 999 ms of read pulses ( 200 A). Field could be applied in\n and out of the sample plane using the PPMS’ horizontal rotator\n module. First Principles Calculations\n Electronic properties calculation and structural optimizations\n were performed using density functional theory (DFT) with the Quantum\n ESPRESSO package. We use the optimized norm-conserving Vanderbilt (ONCV)\n pseudopotentials with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functionals to account\n for the exchange-correlation interaction. To accurately describe the\n structural properties of layered FGaT structure, we use the nonlocal\n vdW-DF2 functional for the van der Waals interaction. A large plane wave\n cut-off energy of 60 Ry (~ 816 eV) is used for all calculations. The FGaT\n monolayer and bilayer are modeled by the slab supercells, with the\n separations between the neighboring slabs being about 20 Å. A 16×16×1\n k-point mesh is used for monolayer and bilayer FGaT, while 14×14×2 mesh is\n used for the bulk FGaT. These parameters are selected based on the\n convergence test of the total energy. The atomic positions and lattice\n constants are optimized by the BFGS quasi-newton algorithm, in which the\n convergence values for the forces and stress components are 0.0001\n Ry/a.u.\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e and 0.005 GPa, respectively. To determine\n the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of FGaT, we first perform the total\n energy calculations for an in-plane magnetization (along the x-axis) and\n then out-of-plane magnetization (along the z-axis), including spin-orbit\n coupling (SOC). Then, the MAE is given by the difference in total energy\n for the two systems.","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"description":"# Field-free deterministic switching of all-van der Waals spin-orbit\n torque system above room temperature\n Raw data used in\n generating all the plots in the manuscript (main text and supplementary)\n is provided here in spreadsheet format. One file is created for every\n composite figure, and the data from constituent sub-figures is added to\n separate pages of the file. For the DFT calculations using Quantum\n Espresso, input files, output files and output data are attached\n separately as a zipped file. A separate README file is provided in the\n zipped file which describes organisation of the DFT codes and results.\n Below we provide detailed description of the data (abbreviations, data\n arrangement) for all the figures. **Fig. 1** **(D)** Raman spectroscopy\n data for the device D1. First column is the Raman shift, while subsequent\n columns give the Raman intensity for different angles, Phi (0, 3, 6, ...,\n 357, 360 degree) **Fig. 2** **(A)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device\n D1, at different temperatures (260, 280, 300, 320, 330, 340K). For each\n temperature, 4 columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward\n Hall resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance\n (Rxy), respectively. **(B)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device D1, at\n different temperatures (10, 50, 100, 150, 200K). For each temperature, 4\n columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall\n resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),\n respectively. **(C)** Variation of anomalous Hall resistance (RxyAHE) and\n coercivity in the device D1 for varying temperatures (T). These values are\n derived from the curves in Fig. 2A and 2B. **(D)** Anomalous Hall\n resistance for device D1, for field swept in the plane of the device. Four\n columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall\n resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),\n respectively. **Fig. 3** **(B)** Anomalous Hall resistance of device D2\n (resistance vs current) for the 4 cases - current pulses swept from (0 to\n -4.5 mA  to 0) or (0 to 4.5 mA to 0 mA), for the device initialized at m\n =1 and m = -1. **(C)** Current induced switching in device D2 (resistance\n vs current) for the two cases - negative and positive external field.\n **(D)** Time series of Hall resistance measurement - time and resistance.\n **Fig. 4** **(A)** Switching data, for different temperatures (300, 305,\n ..., 330K). For each temperature, there are five columns - current (I) and\n four resistance (R). Plotted data shows the mean and standard deviation of\n the four resistances at that temperature. **(C)** Switched resistance\n (RxyAHE) for different temperatures (T). The data points are derived from\n the curves in figure 4A. **(D)** Time series of Hall resistance\n measurement - time and resistance. Two pieces, each 50 second long, are\n provided. **SuppFig. 1** **(C)** Atomic force microscopy (AFM) line\n profile - x-coordinate and height. **SuppFig. 2** **(B)** Raman\n spectroscopy data for the device D2. First column is the Raman shift,\n while subsequent columns give the Raman intensity for different angles,\n Phi (0, 6, 12, ..., 354, 360 degree). **(E)** Atomic force microscopy\n (AFM) line profile - x-coordinate and height. **(G)** Atomic force\n microscopy (AFM) line profile - x-coordinate and height. **SuppFig. 3**\n **(A)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device D2, at different\n temperatures (260, 280, 300, 320, 340K). For each temperature, 4 columns\n of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall resistance (Rxy),\n forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy), respectively.\\\n **(B)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device D2, at different\n temperatures (10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250K). For each temperature, 4\n columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall\n resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),\n respectively.\\ **(C)** Variation of anomalous Hall resistance (RxyAHE) and\n coercivity in the device D2 for varying temperatures (T). These values are\n derived from the curves in SuppFig. 3A and 3B.\\ **(D)** Anomalous Hall\n resistance for device D2, for field swept in the plane of the device. Four\n columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall\n resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),\n respectively. **SuppFig. 4** **(A)** Current induced switching in device\n D2 at 300 K (resistance vs current) for current swept up to a maximum of\n +/- 7 mA. **(B)** Current induced switching in device D2 at 300 K\n (resistance vs current) for current swept up to a maximum of +/- 8 mA.\n Data for this case is the average of four consecutive sweeps. Data\n corresponding to individual sweeps in presented in SuppFig. 5A. **(C)**\n Current induced switching in device D2 at 300 K (resistance vs current)\n for current swept up to a maximum of +/- 9 mA. **(D)** Current induced\n switching in device D2 at 300 K (resistance vs current) for current swept\n up to a maximum of +/- 10 mA. **SuppFig. 5** **(A)** Data for four\n consecutive cyclic current sweeps (loops) at 300 K. Single current coloum\n is provided which is common for all four sweeps. Four coloumns of\n resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps (loops L1-L4) are provided\n next. **(B)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at 305 K.\n Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four sweeps.\n Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are\n provided next. **(C)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at\n 310 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four\n sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are\n provided next. **(D)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at\n 315 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four\n sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are\n provided next. **(E)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at\n 320 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four\n sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are\n provided next. **(F)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at\n 325 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four\n sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are\n provided next. **SuppFig. 6** Time series of Hall resistance measurement -\n time and resistance (Rxy). Two pieces, each 50 second long, are provided\n for temperatures 300 K and 310 K.","descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"National Science Foundation","awardNumber":"DMR-2118448","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"},{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"Department of Energy and Environment","awardNumber":"DE-SC0020148","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05d5hbz44","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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  <creators>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Kajale, Shivam</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0002-8046-976X</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/042nb2s44" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Nguyen, Thanh</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0003-3677-2160</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/042nb2s44" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Hung, Nguyen Tuan</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01dq60k83" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Tohoku University</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Li, Mingda</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0002-7055-6368</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/042nb2s44" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Sarkar, Deblina</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0002-9662-1666</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/042nb2s44" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</affiliation>
    </creator>
  </creators>
  <titles>
    <title>
      Data from: Field-free deterministic switching of all-van der Waals
      spin-orbit torque system above room temperature
    </title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">dataset</resourceType>
  <publicationYear>2024</publicationYear>
  <subjects>
    <subject>van der Waals</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Spintronics</subject>
    <subject>spin-orbit torque</subject>
    <subject>Fe3GaTe2</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Nano-technology</subject>
  </subjects>
  <fundingReferences>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>National Science Foundation</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/021nxhr62</funderIdentifier>
      <awardNumber>DMR-2118448</awardNumber>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Department of Energy and Environment</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/05d5hbz44</funderIdentifier>
      <awardNumber>DE-SC0020148</awardNumber>
    </fundingReference>
  </fundingReferences>
  <contributors>
    <contributor contributorType="Sponsor">
      <contributorName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</contributorName>
    </contributor>
  </contributors>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Created">2024-01-21T18:16:11Z</date>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2024-02-08T15:52:44Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2024-02-21T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2024-02-21T00:00:00Z</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
  <relatedIdentifiers>
    <relatedIdentifier relationType="IsCitedBy" relatedIdentifierType="DOI">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.04930</relatedIdentifier>
    <relatedIdentifier relationType="IsCitedBy" relatedIdentifierType="DOI">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk8669</relatedIdentifier>
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  </rightsList>
  <descriptions>
    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials hold promise for
      the development of high-density, energy-efficient spintronic devices for
      memory and computation. Recent breakthroughs in material discoveries and
      spin-orbit torque (SOT) control of vdW ferromagnets have opened a path for
      integration of vdW magnets in commercial spintronic devices. However, a
      solution for field-free electric control of perpendicular magnetic
      anisotropy (PMA) vdW magnets at room temperatures, essential for building
      compact and thermally stable spintronic devices, is still missing. Here,
      we report a solution for the field-free, deterministic and non-volatile
      switching of a PMA vdW ferromagnet, Fe3GaTe2 above room temperature (up to
      320 K). We use the unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping torque from an
      adjacent WTe2 layer to enable such switching with a low current density of
      2.23 × 106 A cm-2. This study exemplifies the efficacy of low-symmetry vdW
      materials for spin-orbit torque control of vdW ferromagnets and provides
      an all-vdW solution for the next generation of scalable and
      energy-efficient spintronic devices.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="Methods">
      &lt;h3&gt;Device Morphology&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;p&gt;Thicknesses of the
      constituent flakes were characterized after encapsulation using a Cypher
      VRS AFM. Polarized Raman spectra of WTe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flakes was
      acquired using a 532 nm laser with a WITec Alpha300 Apyron Confocal Raman
      microscope, by rotating the polarizer and analyzer while the sample was
      static.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Transport Measurements&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;p&gt;All
      transport measurements were performed in a 9 T PPMS DynaCool system.
      Measurements were performed by sourcing current using a Keithley 6221
      current source and measuring the transverse voltage across the devices,
      using a Keithley 2182A nanovoltmeter. Anomalous Hall effect measurements
      with field sweeps were performed using a drive current of 50 – 200 A. For
      the current-induced switching measurements, a 1 ms pulse of write-current
      was followed by 999 ms of read pulses ( 200 A). Field could be applied in
      and out of the sample plane using the PPMS’ horizontal rotator
      module.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3&gt;First Principles Calculations&lt;/h3&gt;
      &lt;p&gt;Electronic properties calculation and structural optimizations
      were performed using density functional theory (DFT) with the Quantum
      ESPRESSO package. We use the optimized norm-conserving Vanderbilt (ONCV)
      pseudopotentials with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functionals to account
      for the exchange-correlation interaction. To accurately describe the
      structural properties of layered FGaT structure, we use the nonlocal
      vdW-DF2 functional for the van der Waals interaction. A large plane wave
      cut-off energy of 60 Ry (~ 816 eV) is used for all calculations. The FGaT
      monolayer and bilayer are modeled by the slab supercells, with the
      separations between the neighboring slabs being about 20 Å. A 16×16×1
      k-point mesh is used for monolayer and bilayer FGaT, while 14×14×2 mesh is
      used for the bulk FGaT. These parameters are selected based on the
      convergence test of the total energy. The atomic positions and lattice
      constants are optimized by the BFGS quasi-newton algorithm, in which the
      convergence values for the forces and stress components are 0.0001
      Ry/a.u.&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and 0.005 GPa, respectively. To determine
      the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of FGaT, we first perform the total
      energy calculations for an in-plane magnetization (along the x-axis) and
      then out-of-plane magnetization (along the z-axis), including spin-orbit
      coupling (SOC). Then, the MAE is given by the difference in total energy
      for the two systems.&lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">
      # Field-free deterministic switching of all-van der Waals spin-orbit
      torque system above room temperature
      &lt;https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s7h44j1dh&gt; Raw data used in
      generating all the plots in the manuscript (main text and supplementary)
      is provided here in spreadsheet format. One file is created for every
      composite figure, and the data from constituent sub-figures is added to
      separate pages of the file. For the DFT calculations using Quantum
      Espresso, input files, output files and output data are attached
      separately as a zipped file. A separate README file is provided in the
      zipped file which describes organisation of the DFT codes and results.
      Below we provide detailed description of the data (abbreviations, data
      arrangement) for all the figures. **Fig. 1** **(D)** Raman spectroscopy
      data for the device D1. First column is the Raman shift, while subsequent
      columns give the Raman intensity for different angles, Phi (0, 3, 6, ...,
      357, 360 degree) **Fig. 2** **(A)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device
      D1, at different temperatures (260, 280, 300, 320, 330, 340K). For each
      temperature, 4 columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward
      Hall resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance
      (Rxy), respectively. **(B)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device D1, at
      different temperatures (10, 50, 100, 150, 200K). For each temperature, 4
      columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall
      resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),
      respectively. **(C)** Variation of anomalous Hall resistance (RxyAHE) and
      coercivity in the device D1 for varying temperatures (T). These values are
      derived from the curves in Fig. 2A and 2B. **(D)** Anomalous Hall
      resistance for device D1, for field swept in the plane of the device. Four
      columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall
      resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),
      respectively. **Fig. 3** **(B)** Anomalous Hall resistance of device D2
      (resistance vs current) for the 4 cases - current pulses swept from (0 to
      -4.5 mA  to 0) or (0 to 4.5 mA to 0 mA), for the device initialized at m
      =1 and m = -1. **(C)** Current induced switching in device D2 (resistance
      vs current) for the two cases - negative and positive external field.
      **(D)** Time series of Hall resistance measurement - time and resistance.
      **Fig. 4** **(A)** Switching data, for different temperatures (300, 305,
      ..., 330K). For each temperature, there are five columns - current (I) and
      four resistance (R). Plotted data shows the mean and standard deviation of
      the four resistances at that temperature. **(C)** Switched resistance
      (RxyAHE) for different temperatures (T). The data points are derived from
      the curves in figure 4A. **(D)** Time series of Hall resistance
      measurement - time and resistance. Two pieces, each 50 second long, are
      provided. **SuppFig. 1** **(C)** Atomic force microscopy (AFM) line
      profile - x-coordinate and height. **SuppFig. 2** **(B)** Raman
      spectroscopy data for the device D2. First column is the Raman shift,
      while subsequent columns give the Raman intensity for different angles,
      Phi (0, 6, 12, ..., 354, 360 degree). **(E)** Atomic force microscopy
      (AFM) line profile - x-coordinate and height. **(G)** Atomic force
      microscopy (AFM) line profile - x-coordinate and height. **SuppFig. 3**
      **(A)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device D2, at different
      temperatures (260, 280, 300, 320, 340K). For each temperature, 4 columns
      of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall resistance (Rxy),
      forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy), respectively.\
      **(B)** Anomalous Hall effect data for device D2, at different
      temperatures (10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250K). For each temperature, 4
      columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall
      resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),
      respectively.\ **(C)** Variation of anomalous Hall resistance (RxyAHE) and
      coercivity in the device D2 for varying temperatures (T). These values are
      derived from the curves in SuppFig. 3A and 3B.\ **(D)** Anomalous Hall
      resistance for device D2, for field swept in the plane of the device. Four
      columns of data are provided - backward field (H), backward Hall
      resistance (Rxy), forward field (H) and forward Hall resistance (Rxy),
      respectively. **SuppFig. 4** **(A)** Current induced switching in device
      D2 at 300 K (resistance vs current) for current swept up to a maximum of
      +/- 7 mA. **(B)** Current induced switching in device D2 at 300 K
      (resistance vs current) for current swept up to a maximum of +/- 8 mA.
      Data for this case is the average of four consecutive sweeps. Data
      corresponding to individual sweeps in presented in SuppFig. 5A. **(C)**
      Current induced switching in device D2 at 300 K (resistance vs current)
      for current swept up to a maximum of +/- 9 mA. **(D)** Current induced
      switching in device D2 at 300 K (resistance vs current) for current swept
      up to a maximum of +/- 10 mA. **SuppFig. 5** **(A)** Data for four
      consecutive cyclic current sweeps (loops) at 300 K. Single current coloum
      is provided which is common for all four sweeps. Four coloumns of
      resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps (loops L1-L4) are provided
      next. **(B)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at 305 K.
      Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four sweeps.
      Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are
      provided next. **(C)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at
      310 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four
      sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are
      provided next. **(D)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at
      315 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four
      sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are
      provided next. **(E)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at
      320 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four
      sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are
      provided next. **(F)** Data for four consecutive cyclic current sweeps at
      325 K. Single current coloum is provided which is common for all four
      sweeps. Four coloumns of resistance (Rxy) recorded for the four sweeps are
      provided next. **SuppFig. 6** Time series of Hall resistance measurement -
      time and resistance (Rxy). Two pieces, each 50 second long, are provided
      for temperatures 300 K and 310 K.
    </description>
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