{"data":{"id":"10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ff","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57ff","prefix":"10.5061","suffix":"dryad.rfj6q57ff","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Eagan, Tomas","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Tomas","familyName":"Eagan","affiliation":["Haukeland University Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-9960","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Tangedal, Solveig","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Solveig","familyName":"Tangedal","affiliation":["University of Bergen"],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Lower airway microbiota in COPD and healthy controls"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2024,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Basic medicine","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Basic medicine","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Microbiome","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"COPD"},{"subject":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Smoking"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2023-12-07T10:25:29Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2024-12-07T15:16:43Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"https://thorax.bmj.com/content/79/3/219.long","relatedIdentifierType":"URL"},{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1136/thorax-2023-220455","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["14970361 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"5","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"The lower airway microbiota in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary\n disease (COPD) are likely altered compared with the microbiota in healthy\n individuals. Information on how the microbiota is affected by smoking, the\n use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), and COPD severity is still\n scarce. In the MicroCOPD Study, participant characteristics were\n obtained through standardised questionnaires and clinical measurements at\n a single centre from 2012 to 2015. Protected bronchoalveolar lavage\n samples from 97 patients with COPD and 97 controls were paired-end\n sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq System. Data were analysed in QIIME 2\n and R. Alpha-diversity was lower in patients with COPD than\n controls (Pielou evenness: COPD=0.76, control=0.80, p=0.004; Shannon\n entropy: COPD=3.98, control=4.34, p=0.01). Beta-diversity differed with\n smoking only in the COPD cohort (weighted UniFrac: permutational analysis\n of variance R2=0.04, p=0.03). Nine genera were differentially abundant\n between COPD and controls. Genera enriched in COPD belonged to the\n Firmicutes phylum. Pack years were linked to differential abundance of\n taxa in controls only (ANCOM-BC (Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes\n with Bias Correction) log-fold difference/q-values: Haemophilus\n -0.05/0.048; Lachnoanaerobaculum -0.04/0.03). Oribacterium was absent in\n smoking patients with COPD compared with non-smoking patients (ANCOM-BC\n log-fold difference/q-values: -1.46/0.03). We found no associations\n between the microbiota and COPD severity or ICS. The lower airway\n microbiota is equal in richness in patients with COPD to controls, but\n less even. Genera from the Firmicutes phylum thrive particularly in COPD\n airways. Smoking has different effects on diversity and taxonomic\n abundance in patients with COPD compared with controls. COPD severity and\n ICS use were not linked to the lower airway microbiota.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"# Lower airway microbiota in COPD and healthy controls #### This note was\n written by Solveig Tangedal, on Nov 29th, 2023, and edited on Dec 17th,\n 2024. We have submitted deidentified participant data (metadata) in .xlsx\n and .txt format(**COPDvCMetadata.xlsx COPDvCMetadata.txt**), Amplicon\n sequencing variants (ASV) tables in qza format for all ASVs and for ASVs\n eligible for differential abundance analyses (**COPDvC_ASV.qza\n COPDvCAncomASV.qza**) Representative sequences tables in qza format for\n all ASVs (**COPDvCRepSeq.qza**), Rooted phylogenetic trees in qza format\n (**COPDvC_rootedtree.qza**), Taxonomy tables in qza format\n (**COPDvC_Taxonomy.qza**), QIIME 2 code in txt format\n (**COPDvsControl_Q2_code.txt**), R code in RScript format\n (**COPDvControl_Rcommand.R**), and the manuscript abstract in docx format\n (**ABSTRACT.docx**) The MicroCOPD study is a large study, with amplicon\n (16S rRNA) sequencing of more than 3000 samples over \u0026gt; 30 RUNs. The\n airways samples number \u0026gt; 2500, and are spread over 30 RUNs. Data\n cleanup and curation were performed for all 30 RUNs together to best\n utilize a shared protocol and the best use of our negative \\#control\n samples (explained in detail in the supplement of the published paper\n \"The airway microbiota and exacerbations of COPD\" by Leiten et\n al.). The fastq files alone way override our DRYAD storage capacity, and\n since this study is on a sub-set of the study \\#participants only, and\n looking only at one sample type (BAL), we have chosen to deposit the data\n matching the stripped-down metadata file. The FeatureData file is named\n COPDvC_RepSeq.qza The FeatureTable files are named COPDvC_ASV.qza and\n COPDvCAncomASV.qza. Both are curated, but only the latter was filtered\n according to the advice. \\#for Ancom-BC analyses. The curation is\n described in the Supplement of the current manuscript. ##### Taxonomy was\n classified using the q2 feature-classifier classify-sklearn command,\n providing COPDvC\\_Taxonomy.qza file Phylogeny was made using the q2\n phylogeny align-to-tree-mafft-fasttree command, providing a\n COPDvC_rooted-tree.qza file \\#Metadata are given as xlsx and txt files as\n both file types are required for different import to R as can be seen in\n the R code. \\#Code: All needed information for obtaining data and editing\n metadata is written out in the code files. Metadata is explained and\n \\#re-coded in the QIIME 2 and R documents. ## Description metadata *\n *sampleid*: Unique sample identifier * *RUN*: Sequencing run in which the\n samples were analysed * *diagnose*: Classification of participants into\n COPD or Control * *diagnose_NonSmk1yr*: Classification of participants\n into smokers having smoked within the last 12 months before inclusion\n (COPD_S Control_S_) or non-smokers having not smoked the last 12 months\n before inclusion (COPD_NS Control_NS_) * *Sex*: Male or female sex *\n *Agecat*: Categorised age groups: \u0026lt;60 60-69.99 70+ (years) *\n *NonSmk1yr*: Dichotomised smoking variable: Non-smoking = no smoking the\n last 12 months before inclusion, Smoking: Smoked within the last 12 months\n before inclusion * *Packyear*: 20 cigarettes daily for 1 year equals 1\n packyear * *fev1fvcratio*: Forced expiratory volume 1 second/Forced\n expiratory capacity (Spirometry) * *fev1prcpred*: Forced expiratory volume\n 1 second as percent of predicted value (Spirometry) * *fvcprcpred*: Forced\n expiratory capacity as percent of predicted value (Spirometry) *\n *gold_3cat*: Classification of participants into GOLD stages GOLD I/II,\n GOLD III/IV and Control * *ICS*: Dichotomised inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)\n use variable for COPD only: Yes No * *Freqexac*: Dichotomised exacerbation\n variable for COPD only: Yes No * *COPDvC_ASV.qza COPDvCAncomASV.qza\n COPDvCRepSeq.qza* The Illumina amplicon sequences were quality- and\n chimera-filtered using the microbiota pipeline Quantitative Insights Into\n Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2, v. 2018.8), the Divisive Amplicon Denoising\n Algorithm 2 (DADA2), and VSEARCH. DADA2 assigns sequences to amplicon\n sequence variants (ASVs) using denoising methods that generate an error\n model based on the quality of the sequencing run. The model is then used\n to discriminate probable biological variations and probable sequencing\n errors. Sequences interpreted as truly biologically similar are assigned\n to the same ASV. Having negative control samples, we could apply the\n prevalence-based method in the Decontam algorithm in R to identify\n amplicon sequences that were interpreted as contamination of the samples.\n Our research group has published both an evaluation of Decontam and a\n detailed methodological consideration discussing sample curation. *\n *COPDvC_rootedtree.qza* After de-novo alignment with MAFFT, a phylogenetic\n tree for diversity analyses was built using FastTree. *\n *COPDvC_Taxonomy.qza* ASVs created by DADA2 were assigned taxonomy using a\n self-trained Naive Bayes classifier and the Silva database v.138.1. It was\n processed through rescript in QIIME 2. The chosen dereplication mode was\n “majority”, meaning that if identical sequences were present with\n inconsistent annotation, the annotations seen in the majority of cases\n were chosen for all sequences. Only reads derived from sequencing of the\n V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene were considered. ## Code/Software R is\n required to run *COPDvControl_Rcommand.R* Code: All needed information for\n obtaining data and editing metadata is written out in the code files.\n Metadata is explained and recoded in the QIIME 2 and R documents.","descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"Western Norway Regional Health Authority","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/001212e83","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5061/DRYAD.RFJ6Q57FF</identifier>
  <creators>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Eagan, Tomas</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0001-8725-9960</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/03np4e098" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Haukeland University Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Tangedal, Solveig</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/03zga2b32" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of Bergen</affiliation>
    </creator>
  </creators>
  <titles>
    <title>Lower airway microbiota in COPD and healthy controls</title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">dataset</resourceType>
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    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Basic medicine</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Microbiome</subject>
    <subject>COPD</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject>
    <subject>Smoking</subject>
  </subjects>
  <fundingReferences>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Western Norway Regional Health Authority</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/001212e83</funderIdentifier>
    </fundingReference>
  </fundingReferences>
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    <date dateType="Created">2023-12-07T10:25:29Z</date>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2024-12-07T15:16:43Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2024-12-18T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2024-12-18T00:00:00Z</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
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  <descriptions>
    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      The lower airway microbiota in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD) are likely altered compared with the microbiota in healthy
      individuals. Information on how the microbiota is affected by smoking, the
      use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), and COPD severity is still
      scarce.&amp;nbsp;In the MicroCOPD Study, participant characteristics were
      obtained through standardised questionnaires and clinical measurements at
      a single centre from 2012 to 2015. Protected bronchoalveolar lavage
      samples from 97 patients with COPD and 97 controls were paired-end
      sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq System. Data were analysed in QIIME 2
      and R.&amp;nbsp;Alpha-diversity was lower in patients with COPD than
      controls (Pielou evenness: COPD=0.76, control=0.80, p=0.004; Shannon
      entropy: COPD=3.98, control=4.34, p=0.01). Beta-diversity differed with
      smoking only in the COPD cohort (weighted UniFrac: permutational analysis
      of variance R2=0.04, p=0.03). Nine genera were differentially abundant
      between COPD and controls. Genera enriched in COPD belonged to the
      Firmicutes phylum. Pack years were linked to differential abundance of
      taxa in controls only (ANCOM-BC (Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes
      with Bias Correction) log-fold difference/q-values: Haemophilus
      -0.05/0.048; Lachnoanaerobaculum -0.04/0.03). Oribacterium was absent in
      smoking patients with COPD compared with non-smoking patients (ANCOM-BC
      log-fold difference/q-values: -1.46/0.03). We found no associations
      between the microbiota and COPD severity or ICS.&amp;nbsp;The lower airway
      microbiota is equal in richness in patients with COPD to controls, but
      less even. Genera from the Firmicutes phylum thrive particularly in COPD
      airways. Smoking has different effects on diversity and taxonomic
      abundance in patients with COPD compared with controls. COPD severity and
      ICS use were not linked to the lower airway microbiota.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">
      # Lower airway microbiota in COPD and healthy controls #### This note was
      written by Solveig Tangedal, on Nov 29th, 2023, and edited on Dec 17th,
      2024. We have submitted deidentified participant data (metadata) in .xlsx
      and .txt format(**COPDvCMetadata.xlsx COPDvCMetadata.txt**), Amplicon
      sequencing variants (ASV) tables in qza format for all ASVs and for ASVs
      eligible for differential abundance analyses (**COPDvC_ASV.qza
      COPDvCAncomASV.qza**) Representative sequences tables in qza format for
      all ASVs (**COPDvCRepSeq.qza**), Rooted phylogenetic trees in qza format
      (**COPDvC_rootedtree.qza**), Taxonomy tables in qza format
      (**COPDvC_Taxonomy.qza**), QIIME 2 code in txt format
      (**COPDvsControl_Q2_code.txt**), R code in RScript format
      (**COPDvControl_Rcommand.R**), and the manuscript abstract in docx format
      (**ABSTRACT.docx**) The MicroCOPD study is a large study, with amplicon
      (16S rRNA) sequencing of more than 3000 samples over &gt; 30 RUNs. The
      airways samples number &gt; 2500, and are spread over 30 RUNs. Data
      cleanup and curation were performed for all 30 RUNs together to best
      utilize a shared protocol and the best use of our negative \#control
      samples (explained in detail in the supplement of the published paper
      "The airway microbiota and exacerbations of COPD" by Leiten et
      al.). The fastq files alone way override our DRYAD storage capacity, and
      since this study is on a sub-set of the study \#participants only, and
      looking only at one sample type (BAL), we have chosen to deposit the data
      matching the stripped-down metadata file. The FeatureData file is named
      COPDvC_RepSeq.qza The FeatureTable files are named COPDvC_ASV.qza and
      COPDvCAncomASV.qza. Both are curated, but only the latter was filtered
      according to the advice. \#for Ancom-BC analyses. The curation is
      described in the Supplement of the current manuscript. ##### Taxonomy was
      classified using the q2 feature-classifier classify-sklearn command,
      providing COPDvC\_Taxonomy.qza file Phylogeny was made using the q2
      phylogeny align-to-tree-mafft-fasttree command, providing a
      COPDvC_rooted-tree.qza file \#Metadata are given as xlsx and txt files as
      both file types are required for different import to R as can be seen in
      the R code. \#Code: All needed information for obtaining data and editing
      metadata is written out in the code files. Metadata is explained and
      \#re-coded in the QIIME 2 and R documents. ## Description metadata *
      *sampleid*: Unique sample identifier * *RUN*: Sequencing run in which the
      samples were analysed * *diagnose*: Classification of participants into
      COPD or Control * *diagnose_NonSmk1yr*: Classification of participants
      into smokers having smoked within the last 12 months before inclusion
      (COPD_S Control_S_) or non-smokers having not smoked the last 12 months
      before inclusion (COPD_NS Control_NS_) * *Sex*: Male or female sex *
      *Agecat*: Categorised age groups: &lt;60 60-69.99 70+ (years) *
      *NonSmk1yr*: Dichotomised smoking variable: Non-smoking = no smoking the
      last 12 months before inclusion, Smoking: Smoked within the last 12 months
      before inclusion * *Packyear*: 20 cigarettes daily for 1 year equals 1
      packyear * *fev1fvcratio*: Forced expiratory volume 1 second/Forced
      expiratory capacity (Spirometry) * *fev1prcpred*: Forced expiratory volume
      1 second as percent of predicted value (Spirometry) * *fvcprcpred*: Forced
      expiratory capacity as percent of predicted value (Spirometry) *
      *gold_3cat*: Classification of participants into GOLD stages GOLD I/II,
      GOLD III/IV and Control * *ICS*: Dichotomised inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)
      use variable for COPD only: Yes No * *Freqexac*: Dichotomised exacerbation
      variable for COPD only: Yes No * *COPDvC_ASV.qza COPDvCAncomASV.qza
      COPDvCRepSeq.qza* The Illumina amplicon sequences were quality- and
      chimera-filtered using the microbiota pipeline Quantitative Insights Into
      Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2, v. 2018.8), the Divisive Amplicon Denoising
      Algorithm 2 (DADA2), and VSEARCH. DADA2 assigns sequences to amplicon
      sequence variants (ASVs) using denoising methods that generate an error
      model based on the quality of the sequencing run. The model is then used
      to discriminate probable biological variations and probable sequencing
      errors. Sequences interpreted as truly biologically similar are assigned
      to the same ASV. Having negative control samples, we could apply the
      prevalence-based method in the Decontam algorithm in R to identify
      amplicon sequences that were interpreted as contamination of the samples.
      Our research group has published both an evaluation of Decontam and a
      detailed methodological consideration discussing sample curation. *
      *COPDvC_rootedtree.qza* After de-novo alignment with MAFFT, a phylogenetic
      tree for diversity analyses was built using FastTree. *
      *COPDvC_Taxonomy.qza* ASVs created by DADA2 were assigned taxonomy using a
      self-trained Naive Bayes classifier and the Silva database v.138.1. It was
      processed through rescript in QIIME 2. The chosen dereplication mode was
      “majority”, meaning that if identical sequences were present with
      inconsistent annotation, the annotations seen in the majority of cases
      were chosen for all sequences. Only reads derived from sequencing of the
      V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene were considered. ## Code/Software R is
      required to run *COPDvControl_Rcommand.R* Code: All needed information for
      obtaining data and editing metadata is written out in the code files.
      Metadata is explained and recoded in the QIIME 2 and R documents.
    </description>
  </descriptions>
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