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We used RNA sequencing to\n compare duodenal biopsies from adults and children with EE, and from\n children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), to define key features of\n these malnutrition-related enteropathies. Methods: RNA was\n extracted and sequenced from biopsies of children with SAM in hospital\n (n=27), children with non-responsive stunting in the community (n=30), and\n adults living in the same community (n=37) using an identical sequencing\n and analysis pipeline. Two biopsies each were profiled and differentially\n expressed genes (DEGs) were computed from the comparisons of the three\n groups. DEG lists from these comparisons were then subjected to analysis\n with CompBio software to assemble a holistic view of the biological\n landscape and IPA software to interrogate canonical pathways.\n Findings: Dysregulation was identified in goblet cell/mucin\n production and xenobiotic metabolism/detoxification for both cohorts of\n children, versus adults. Within the SAM cohort, substantially\n greater induction of immune response and barrier function,\n including NADPH oxidases was noted, concordant with broadly reduced\n expression of genes associated with the brush border and intestinal\n structure/transport/absorption. Interestingly, down regulation of\n genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was\n selectively observed within the cohort of children with stunting.\n Interpretation: Gene expression profiles in environmental\n enteropathy and severe acute malnutrition have similarities, but SAM has\n several distinct transcriptional features. The intestinal capacity to\n metabolise drugs and toxins in malnourished children requires further\n study.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"RNA sequencing was performed on biopsies of small intestinal\n mucosa in three groups of individuals in Lusaka, Zambia: adults with\n environmental enteropathy, children with stunting living in the same\n community as the adults, and children in hospital with severe acute\n malnutrition (SAM) and persistent diarrhoea. Data are FPKM values for\n individual transcripts obtained using RSEM software.","descriptionType":"Methods"},{"description":"Please refer to README file for usage notes. ","descriptionType":"Other"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"Bill \u0026 Melinda Gates Foundation","awardNumber":"OPP1066118","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Kelly, Paul</creatorName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/026zzn846" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Queen Mary University of London</affiliation>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Chama, Mubanga</creatorName>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Amadi, Beatrice</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/00qt5a094" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Tropical Gastroenterology &amp; Nutrition group</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Chandwe, Kanta</creatorName>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Besa, Ellen</creatorName>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Shaikh, Nurmohammad</creatorName>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Ndao, I Malick</creatorName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01yc7t268" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Washington University in St. Louis</affiliation>
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    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Head, Richard</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/01yc7t268" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Washington University in St. Louis</affiliation>
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  <titles>
    <title>
      Gene expression profiles compared in environmental and malnutrition
      enteropathy in Zambian children and adults
    </title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">dataset</resourceType>
  <publicationYear>2022</publicationYear>
  <subjects>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Basic medicine</subject>
    <subject>Environmental enteropathy</subject>
    <subject>Environmental Enteric Dysfunction</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Malnutrition</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">RNA sequencing</subject>
    <subject>intestinal transport</subject>
    <subject>intestinal digestion</subject>
    <subject>NADPH oxidase</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Xenobiotic metabolism</subject>
  </subjects>
  <fundingReferences>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/0456r8d26</funderIdentifier>
      <awardNumber>OPP1066118</awardNumber>
    </fundingReference>
  </fundingReferences>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2021-12-30T13:44:04Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2022-01-12T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2022-01-12T00:00:00Z</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
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  <descriptions>
    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      Background:&amp;nbsp;Environmental enteropathy (EE) contributes to growth
      failure in millions of children worldwide, but its relationship to
      clinical malnutrition has not been elucidated. We used RNA sequencing to
      compare duodenal biopsies from adults and children with EE, and from
      children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), to define key features of
      these malnutrition-related enteropathies. Methods:&amp;nbsp;RNA was
      extracted and sequenced from biopsies of children with SAM in hospital
      (n=27), children with non-responsive stunting in the community (n=30), and
      adults living in the same community (n=37) using an identical sequencing
      and analysis pipeline. Two biopsies each were profiled and differentially
      expressed genes (DEGs) were computed from the comparisons of the three
      groups. DEG lists from these comparisons were then subjected to analysis
      with CompBio software to assemble a holistic view of the biological
      landscape and IPA software to interrogate canonical pathways.
      Findings:&amp;nbsp;Dysregulation was identified in goblet cell/mucin
      production and xenobiotic metabolism/detoxification for both cohorts of
      children, versus adults.&amp;nbsp;Within the SAM cohort, substantially
      greater induction of immune response&amp;nbsp;and barrier function,
      including NADPH oxidases was noted, concordant with broadly reduced
      expression of genes associated with the brush border and intestinal
      structure/transport/absorption.&amp;nbsp;Interestingly, down regulation of
      genes associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was
      selectively observed within the cohort of children with stunting.
      Interpretation:&amp;nbsp;Gene expression profiles in environmental
      enteropathy and severe acute malnutrition have similarities, but SAM has
      several distinct transcriptional features. The intestinal capacity to
      metabolise drugs and toxins in malnourished children requires further
      study.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="Methods">
      &lt;p&gt;RNA sequencing was performed on biopsies of small intestinal
      mucosa in three groups of individuals in Lusaka, Zambia: adults with
      environmental enteropathy, children with stunting living in the same
      community as the adults, and children in hospital with severe acute
      malnutrition (SAM) and persistent diarrhoea. Data are FPKM values for
      individual transcripts obtained using RSEM software.&lt;/p&gt;
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="Other">&lt;p&gt;Please refer to README file for usage notes. &lt;/p&gt;</description>
  </descriptions>
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