{"data":{"id":"10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffc1f","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffc1f","prefix":"10.5061","suffix":"dryad.ghx3ffc1f","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Parajuli, Aakash","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8070-5196","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Shrestha, Shila","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Rai, Shiba Kumar","nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital"],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"In-vitro efficacy of quinolones and carbapenems against non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens received in the Nepalese tertiary care hospital"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Basic medicine","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"Biofilms","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"carbapenems"},{"subject":"infection"},{"subject":"inhibitory concentrations"},{"subject":"non-fermenters"},{"subject":"quinolones"},{"subject":"resistance"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2025-05-03T13:40:01Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2025-05-03T13:40:05Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.4269/ajtmh.26-0040","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["36190 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"7","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) pose a significant public\n health threat due to multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by biofilms,\n efflux pumps, and carbapenemases. This cross-sectional study evaluated the\n minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of quinolones and carbapenems\n against the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii (ACB) complex and\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens at the Nepal Armed\n Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal. These NFGNB were\n isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Quinolone-\n and carbapenem-resistant isolates, screened by disc diffusion, were tested\n for MICs of quinolones and carbapenems using broth microdilution.\n Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 17.0. Ninety-two NFGNB were\n isolated, predominantly from urine (40.2%, 37/92). The MDR proportion was\n high in P. aeruginosa [85.7% (18/21) versus 80.28% (57/71)]. The\n extensively drug-resistant (XDR) proportion was high in the ACB complex\n [14.1% (10/71) versus 4.8% (1/21)]. The MIC50 in P. aeruginosa against\n norfloxacin and ofloxacin was ≥8 and ≥0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC50\n against ciprofloxacin in P. aeruginosa was ≥8 µg/mL, while it was ≥32\n µg/mL in the ACB complex. MIC50 against levofloxacin was ≥0.5 µg/mL in P.\n aeruginosa, unlike the ACB complex (≥16 µg/mL). The MIC50 for meropenem\n was lower in the ACB complex (≥4 vs ≥8 µg/mL) than in P. aeruginosa, while\n both showed similar MIC90 (≥64 µg/mL). ACB complex showed higher MIC50\n against imipenem (≥4 µg/mL) than P. aeruginosa (≥0.125 µg/mL). Over\n three-fourths of the NFGNB infections were caused by the ACB complex,\n exhibiting high XDR rates and elevated MICs to quinolones and carbapenems,\n underscoring the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"# In-Vitro Efficacy of Quinolones and Carbapenems against Facultative\n Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens\n Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffc1f](10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffc1f) ##\n Description of the data and file structure Comparative In-Vitro Efficacy\n of Fluoroquinolones and Carbapenems among Biofilm-Forming and Non-Forming\n Non-Fermenters Isolated from Clinical Specimens The dataset is of\n hospital-visiting individuals with infection due to non-fermenter\n bacteria, i.e., *Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumanii* complex and\n *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. The dataset comprises of single sheet. The sheet\n details for demographic information, such as age group and gender of the\n infected patients; clinical information, including clinical samples;\n microbiological findings comprising bacterial genera, antimicrobial\n resistance patterns, biofilm formers or non-formers, inhibitory\n concentrations of fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,\n and levofloxacin) and carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem). Considering\n that the Patient identification number and Specimen number are human\n subject data and must be anonymized, these identifiers were removed from\n the dataset. Exact or direct age is removed and is categorized as an age\n group to anonymize the data. Not available (n/a) is noted for\n antimicrobial susceptibility testing results where certain antibiotics\n were not tested against the bacterium, whether due to the guidelines of\n the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (31st edition) or other\n reasons for omitting antibiotic testing. Data were anonymized with the\n code. Patients with non-fermenting infections were coded with an\n alphanumeric number with the initial No. (N1, N23, etc.). Units of the\n study variables were standard and as follows: (a) Age group: Years (b)\n Inhibitory concentrations: μg/mL (microgram per milliliter) Significant\n bacterial growth on culture plates was processed for identification using\n standard microbiological protocols, including cultural characteristics,\n Gram staining, cell morphology, and biochemical characteristics [1]. Disc\n diffusion or antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done with the\n Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method [2]. The inhibitory concentrations were\n determined by the gold standard broth microdilution technique. Biofilm\n formers were detected by the gold standard microtiter plate method. In the\n patient information sheet, outcome variables (bacterial pathogens) and\n predictor variables [patient demographics, time frame, specimen type, type\n of bacterial isolate(s), and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns] were\n collected from the hospital records. The data were anonymized to ensure\n patient confidentiality. Data was entered and managed using Microsoft\n Excel, version 13.0, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social\n Sciences (SPSS), version 17.0. Descriptive data were analyzed in terms of\n frequency and percentage. Quantitative data were reported as mean, median,\n and interquartile range (IQR). Except for values of inhibitory\n concentrations, the data were qualitative and were calculated as frequency\n (percentage) in SPSS version 17.0. Quantitative variables were calculated\n as median (interquartile range), also referred to as MIC50/MIC90 or\n MBIC50/MBIC90. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Chi-square\n test, while quantitative variables were analyzed using the independent\n student t-test, with statistical significance determined at a p-value of\n \u0026lt;0.05 within a 95% confidence interval (CI). n/a represents not\n available, 0 represents female, 1 represents male, AST represents\n antimicrobial susceptibility testing, MIC represents minimum inhibitory\n concentration, OD = optical density. Readers may access the data from the\n Dryad repository or with a request email to the corresponding author,\n Aakash Parajuli\n ([paraj.aakash52@gmail.com](mailto:paraj.aakash52@gmail.com)), of the\n article. References \\[1] Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, Janda WM.\n Koneman's color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. Jones\n \u0026amp; Bartlett Publishers; 2020 Jun 29. \\[2] Clinical and Laboratory\n Standards Institute. CLSI document M100S. Performance Standards for\n Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 26th ed. Wayne, PA. 2016. ## Human\n subjects data We received consent from the study participants to publish\n the de-identified data in the public domain. Considering that Patient\n identification number (e.g., P1, P18, P128, etc.) and Specimen number (S5,\n S17, S6, etc.) were human subject data and must be anonymized, these\n identifiers were removed from the dataset. Exact or direct age is removed\n and is categorized as an age group in order to anonymize the data.","descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5061/DRYAD.GHX3FFC1F</identifier>
  <creators>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Parajuli, Aakash</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0009-0008-8070-5196</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation>Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Shrestha, Shila</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/02me73n88" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Rai, Shiba Kumar</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/05m5pc269" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital</affiliation>
    </creator>
  </creators>
  <titles>
    <title>
      In-vitro efficacy of quinolones and carbapenems against non-fermenting
      gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical specimens received in the
      Nepalese tertiary care hospital
    </title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">dataset</resourceType>
  <publicationYear>2025</publicationYear>
  <subjects>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Basic medicine</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Biofilms</subject>
    <subject>carbapenems</subject>
    <subject>infection</subject>
    <subject>inhibitory concentrations</subject>
    <subject>non-fermenters</subject>
    <subject>quinolones</subject>
    <subject>resistance</subject>
  </subjects>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Created">2025-05-03T13:40:01Z</date>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2025-05-03T13:40:05Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2025-05-06T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2025-05-06T00:00:00Z</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
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  <descriptions>
    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) pose a significant public
      health threat due to multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by biofilms,
      efflux pumps, and carbapenemases. This cross-sectional study evaluated the
      minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of quinolones and carbapenems
      against the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–baumannii (ACB) complex and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens at the Nepal Armed
      Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal. These NFGNB were
      isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Quinolone-
      and carbapenem-resistant isolates, screened by disc diffusion, were tested
      for MICs of quinolones and carbapenems using broth microdilution.
      Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 17.0. Ninety-two NFGNB were
      isolated, predominantly from urine (40.2%, 37/92). The MDR proportion was
      high in P. aeruginosa [85.7% (18/21) versus 80.28% (57/71)]. The
      extensively drug-resistant (XDR) proportion was high in the ACB complex
      [14.1% (10/71) versus 4.8% (1/21)]. The MIC50 in P. aeruginosa against
      norfloxacin and ofloxacin was ≥8 and ≥0.5 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC50
      against ciprofloxacin in P. aeruginosa was ≥8 µg/mL, while it was ≥32
      µg/mL in the ACB complex. MIC50 against levofloxacin was ≥0.5 µg/mL in P.
      aeruginosa, unlike the ACB complex (≥16 µg/mL). The MIC50 for meropenem
      was lower in the ACB complex (≥4 vs ≥8 µg/mL) than in P. aeruginosa, while
      both showed similar MIC90 (≥64 µg/mL). ACB complex showed higher MIC50
      against imipenem (≥4 µg/mL) than P. aeruginosa (≥0.125 µg/mL). Over
      three-fourths of the NFGNB infections were caused by the ACB complex,
      exhibiting high XDR rates and elevated MICs to quinolones and carbapenems,
      underscoring the need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">
      # In-Vitro Efficacy of Quinolones and Carbapenems against Facultative
      Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens
      Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffc1f](10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffc1f) ##
      Description of the data and file structure Comparative In-Vitro Efficacy
      of Fluoroquinolones and Carbapenems among Biofilm-Forming and Non-Forming
      Non-Fermenters Isolated from Clinical Specimens The dataset is of
      hospital-visiting individuals with infection due to non-fermenter
      bacteria, i.e., *Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumanii* complex and
      *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. The dataset comprises of single sheet. The sheet
      details for demographic information, such as age group and gender of the
      infected patients; clinical information, including clinical samples;
      microbiological findings comprising bacterial genera, antimicrobial
      resistance patterns, biofilm formers or non-formers, inhibitory
      concentrations of fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,
      and levofloxacin) and carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem). Considering
      that the Patient identification number and Specimen number are human
      subject data and must be anonymized, these identifiers were removed from
      the dataset. Exact or direct age is removed and is categorized as an age
      group to anonymize the data. Not available (n/a) is noted for
      antimicrobial susceptibility testing results where certain antibiotics
      were not tested against the bacterium, whether due to the guidelines of
      the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (31st edition) or other
      reasons for omitting antibiotic testing. Data were anonymized with the
      code. Patients with non-fermenting infections were coded with an
      alphanumeric number with the initial No. (N1, N23, etc.). Units of the
      study variables were standard and as follows: (a) Age group: Years (b)
      Inhibitory concentrations: μg/mL (microgram per milliliter) Significant
      bacterial growth on culture plates was processed for identification using
      standard microbiological protocols, including cultural characteristics,
      Gram staining, cell morphology, and biochemical characteristics [1]. Disc
      diffusion or antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done with the
      Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method [2]. The inhibitory concentrations were
      determined by the gold standard broth microdilution technique. Biofilm
      formers were detected by the gold standard microtiter plate method. In the
      patient information sheet, outcome variables (bacterial pathogens) and
      predictor variables [patient demographics, time frame, specimen type, type
      of bacterial isolate(s), and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns] were
      collected from the hospital records. The data were anonymized to ensure
      patient confidentiality. Data was entered and managed using Microsoft
      Excel, version 13.0, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social
      Sciences (SPSS), version 17.0. Descriptive data were analyzed in terms of
      frequency and percentage. Quantitative data were reported as mean, median,
      and interquartile range (IQR). Except for values of inhibitory
      concentrations, the data were qualitative and were calculated as frequency
      (percentage) in SPSS version 17.0. Quantitative variables were calculated
      as median (interquartile range), also referred to as MIC50/MIC90 or
      MBIC50/MBIC90. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Chi-square
      test, while quantitative variables were analyzed using the independent
      student t-test, with statistical significance determined at a p-value of
      &lt;0.05 within a 95% confidence interval (CI). n/a represents not
      available, 0 represents female, 1 represents male, AST represents
      antimicrobial susceptibility testing, MIC represents minimum inhibitory
      concentration, OD = optical density. Readers may access the data from the
      Dryad repository or with a request email to the corresponding author,
      Aakash Parajuli
      ([paraj.aakash52@gmail.com](mailto:paraj.aakash52@gmail.com)), of the
      article. References \[1] Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, Janda WM.
      Koneman's color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. Jones
      &amp; Bartlett Publishers; 2020 Jun 29. \[2] Clinical and Laboratory
      Standards Institute. CLSI document M100S. Performance Standards for
      Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 26th ed. Wayne, PA. 2016. ## Human
      subjects data We received consent from the study participants to publish
      the de-identified data in the public domain. Considering that Patient
      identification number (e.g., P1, P18, P128, etc.) and Specimen number (S5,
      S17, S6, etc.) were human subject data and must be anonymized, these
      identifiers were removed from the dataset. Exact or direct age is removed
      and is categorized as an age group in order to anonymize the data.
    </description>
  </descriptions>
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