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    <title>Data from: An immunological marker of tolerance to infection in wild rodents</title>
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      Hosts are likely to respond to parasitic infections by a combination of
      resistance (expulsion of pathogens) and tolerance (active mitigation of
      pathology). Of these strategies, the basis of tolerance in animal hosts is
      relatively poorly understood, with especially little known about how
      tolerance is manifested in natural populations. We monitored a natural
      population of field voles using longitudinal and cross-sectional sampling
      modes and taking measurements on body condition, infection, immune gene
      expression, and survival. Using analyses stratified by life history stage,
      we demonstrate a pattern of tolerance to macroparasites in mature compared
      to immature males. In comparison to immature males, mature males resisted
      infection less and instead increased investment in body condition in
      response to accumulating burdens, but at the expense of reduced
      reproductive effort. We identified expression of the transcription factor
      Gata3 (a mediator of Th2 immunity) as an immunological biomarker of this
      tolerance response. Time series data for individual animals suggested that
      macroparasite infections gave rise to increased expression of Gata3, which
      gave rise to improved body condition and enhanced survival as hosts aged.
      These findings provide a clear and unexpected insight into tolerance
      responses (and their life history sequelae) in a natural vertebrate
      population. The demonstration that such responses (potentially promoting
      parasite transmission) can move from resistance to tolerance through the
      course of an individual's lifetime emphasises the need to incorporate
      them into our understanding of the dynamics and risk of infection in the
      natural environment. Moreover, the identification of Gata3 as a marker of
      tolerance to macroparasites raises important new questions regarding the
      role of Th2 immunity and the mechanistic nature of the tolerance response
      itself. A more manipulative, experimental approach is likely to be
      valuable in elaborating this further.
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