{"data":{"id":"10.5061/dryad.77rf2","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.77rf2","prefix":"10.5061","suffix":"dryad.77rf2","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Wood, Dustin","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Dustin","familyName":"Wood","affiliation":["Western Ecological Research Center"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]},{"name":"Fisher, Robert N.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Robert N.","familyName":"Fisher","affiliation":["Western Ecological Research Center"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Vandergast, Amy G.","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Amy G.","familyName":"Vandergast","affiliation":["Western Ecological Research Center"],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Data from: Fuzzy boundaries: Color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the Western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[{"subject":"mtDNA"},{"subject":"Chionactis annulata annulata"},{"subject":"Chionactis occipitalis"},{"subject":"Chionactis annulata klauberi"},{"subject":"Chionactis palarostris"},{"subject":"Chionactis annulata"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2025-02-19T02:36:54Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2014-03-27T21:25:51Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1371/journal.pone.0097494","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"},{"relationType":"IsSourceOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.5281/zenodo.14890206","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["313273 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"5","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Accurate delineation of lineage diversity is increasingly important, as\n species distributions are becoming more reduced and threatened. During the\n last century, the subspecies category was often used to denote phenotypic\n variation within a species range and to provide a framework for\n understanding lineage differentiation, often considered incipient\n speciation. While this category has largely fallen into disuse, previously\n recognized subspecies often serve as important units for conservation\n policy and management when other information is lacking. In this study, we\n evaluated phenotypic subspecies hypotheses within shovel-nosed snakes on\n the basis of genetic data and considered how evolutionary processes such\n as gene flow influenced possible incongruence between phenotypic and\n genetic patterns. We used both traditional phylogenetic and Bayesian\n clustering analyses to infer range-wide genetic structure and spatially\n explicit analyses to detect possible boundary locations of lineage\n contact. Multilocus analyses supported three historically isolated groups\n with low to moderate levels of contemporary gene exchange. Genetic data\n did not support phenotypic subspecies as exclusive groups, and we detected\n patterns of discordance in areas where three subspecies are presumed to be\n in contact. Based on genetic and phenotypic evidence, we suggested that\n species-level diversity is underestimated in this group and we proposed\n that two species be recognized, Chionactis occipitalis and C. annulata. In\n addition, we recommend retention of two subspecific designations within C.\n annulata (C. a. annulata and C. a. klauberi) that reflect regional shifts\n in both genetic and phenotypic variation within the species. Our results\n highlight the difficultly in validating taxonomic boundaries within\n lineages that are evolving under a time-dependent, continuous process.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"# Data from: Fuzzy boundaries: Color and gene flow patterns among\n parapatric lineages of the Western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic\n implication\n [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.77rf2](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.77rf2)\n ## Description of the data and file structure We used both traditional\n phylogenetic (nexus file) and Bayesian clustering analyses (genepop file)\n to infer range-wide genetic structure and spatially explicit analyses to\n detect possible boundary locations of lineage contact.  ### Files and\n variables #### File: CHOC\\_Microsatellite\\_GENEPOP.txt **Description:** 11\n loci (Chionactis 11 loci: PEN160, TRI176, TET1713,\n TRI1164, PEN5400, TRI222, TRI1925, TRI199, TET193, TRI2219, TET1847) #####\n Variables * 4 population grouped by subspecies * pop1 = Chionactis\n occipitalis talpina * pop2 = Chionactis occipitalis occipitalis * pop3\n = Chionactis occipitalis annulata * pop4 = Chionactis occipitalis klauberi\n #### File: CHIONACTIS\\_mtDNA\\_ND1\\_Matrix.nex **Description:** Nexus file\n of mtDNA sequences #### File: TableS1.csv **Description:** Tissue samples\n used in this study along with mtDNA lineage/clade and microsatellite\n cluster assignments, morphology, and locality information. Abbreviations\n and field series abbreviations are as follows: ASU, Arizona State\n University; ATH, Andrew T. Holycross; BEZY, Robert L. Bezy;DAW, Dustin A.\n Wood; DGM, Daniel G. Mulcahy; JESMM, Jesse M. Meik; RDB, Randy Babb; RNF,\n Robert N. Fisher; ROM, Royal Ontario Museum; RWM, Robert W. Murphy; SDSNH\n (SD Field), San Diego Natural History Museum; TCB, Thomas C. Brennan; TRJ,\n Thomas R. Jones; UAZ, University of Arizona; UTA, University of Texas,\n Arlington; all other tissues were obtained from field surveys conducted by\n the San Diego Field Station, US Geological Survey. \"n/a\" = not\n applicable ##### Variables * Tissue ID * Voucher ID (museum or field ID) *\n Species - following proposed taxonomy from the results of the study *\n mtDNA lineage - details which mtDNA lineage or clade the sample is\n associated with * Microsatellite Cluster - details which cluster the\n sample was assigned to and the posterior probability of that assignment *\n Morphology scaled - whether color pattern and morpological data were taken\n for that specimen. A 'yes' means that a voucher sample was\n obtain and morphology was scored. A 'no' means no voucher\n specimen was available, only a tissue sample was taken. * County, State,\n County (if available), and Locality where the tissue sample was collected\n * Latitude/Longitude - gps coordinates where the sample was taken ####\n File: FigS1\\_Mojave\\_clade.pdf **Description:** Mojave lineage pruned from\n the full mtDNAphylogeny, shown in the upper left.Numbers at nodesrepresent\n posterior probability support values for individual clades. #### File:\n FigS3\\_Colorado\\_clade.pdf **Description:** Colorado lineage pruned from\n the fullmtDNA phylogeny, shown in the upper left.Numbers atnodes represent\n posterior probability support values for individualclades. #### File:\n FigS2\\_Sonoran\\_clade.pdf **Description:** Sonoran lineage pruned from the\n full mtDNAphylogeny, shown in the upper left.Numbers at nodesrepresent\n posterior probability support values for individual clades. #### File:\n FigS5\\_Geneland.pdf **Description:** Posterior density of the number of\n clusters(K) from the MCMC analysis of genetic structure acrossArizona\n usingGENELAND. #### File: FigS4\\_K\\_approximation.pdf\n **Description:** Results from the mean lnP(D|K) scoreagainst the KMAXand\n theDKcriterion of Evanno et al  ## Access information Data was derived\n from the source: See publication","descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo"}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPlace":"Mojave Desert"},{"geoLocationPlace":"Sonoran Desert"},{"geoLocationPlace":"Southwestern Deserts of the USA"}],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"Science Support Partnership"},{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"Arizona Game and Fish Department","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05r11v294","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"},{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"Western Ecological Research Center","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/051g31x14","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Wood, Dustin</creatorName>
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      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Fisher, Robert N.</creatorName>
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      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/051g31x14" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">Western Ecological Research Center</affiliation>
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  <titles>
    <title>
      Data from: Fuzzy boundaries: Color and gene flow patterns among parapatric
      lineages of the Western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication
    </title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
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  <publicationYear>2025</publicationYear>
  <subjects>
    <subject>mtDNA</subject>
    <subject>Chionactis annulata annulata</subject>
    <subject>Chionactis occipitalis</subject>
    <subject>Chionactis annulata klauberi</subject>
    <subject>Chionactis palarostris</subject>
    <subject>Chionactis annulata</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Biological sciences</subject>
  </subjects>
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    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Science Support Partnership</funderName>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Arizona Game and Fish Department</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/05r11v294</funderIdentifier>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>Western Ecological Research Center</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/051g31x14</funderIdentifier>
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    <date dateType="Created">2025-02-19T02:36:54Z</date>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2014-03-27T21:25:51Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2025-02-20T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2025-02-20T00:00:00Z</date>
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    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      Accurate delineation of lineage diversity is increasingly important, as
      species distributions are becoming more reduced and threatened. During the
      last century, the subspecies category was often used to denote phenotypic
      variation within a species range and to provide a framework for
      understanding lineage differentiation, often considered incipient
      speciation. While this category has largely fallen into disuse, previously
      recognized subspecies often serve as important units for conservation
      policy and management when other information is lacking. In this study, we
      evaluated phenotypic subspecies hypotheses within shovel-nosed snakes on
      the basis of genetic data and considered how evolutionary processes such
      as gene flow influenced possible incongruence between phenotypic and
      genetic patterns. We used both traditional phylogenetic and Bayesian
      clustering analyses to infer range-wide genetic structure and spatially
      explicit analyses to detect possible boundary locations of lineage
      contact. Multilocus analyses supported three historically isolated groups
      with low to moderate levels of contemporary gene exchange. Genetic data
      did not support phenotypic subspecies as exclusive groups, and we detected
      patterns of discordance in areas where three subspecies are presumed to be
      in contact. Based on genetic and phenotypic evidence, we suggested that
      species-level diversity is underestimated in this group and we proposed
      that two species be recognized, Chionactis occipitalis and C. annulata. In
      addition, we recommend retention of two subspecific designations within C.
      annulata (C. a. annulata and C. a. klauberi) that reflect regional shifts
      in both genetic and phenotypic variation within the species. Our results
      highlight the difficultly in validating taxonomic boundaries within
      lineages that are evolving under a time-dependent, continuous process.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">
      # Data from: Fuzzy boundaries: Color and gene flow patterns among
      parapatric lineages of the Western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic
      implication
      [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.77rf2](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.77rf2)
      ## Description of the data and file structure We used both traditional
      phylogenetic (nexus file) and Bayesian clustering analyses (genepop file)
      to infer range-wide genetic structure and spatially explicit analyses to
      detect possible boundary locations of lineage contact.  ### Files and
      variables #### File: CHOC\_Microsatellite\_GENEPOP.txt **Description:** 11
      loci (Chionactis 11 loci: PEN160, TRI176, TET1713,
      TRI1164, PEN5400, TRI222, TRI1925, TRI199, TET193, TRI2219, TET1847) #####
      Variables * 4 population grouped by subspecies * pop1 = Chionactis
      occipitalis talpina * pop2 = Chionactis occipitalis occipitalis * pop3
      = Chionactis occipitalis annulata * pop4 = Chionactis occipitalis klauberi
      #### File: CHIONACTIS\_mtDNA\_ND1\_Matrix.nex **Description:** Nexus file
      of mtDNA sequences #### File: TableS1.csv **Description:** Tissue samples
      used in this study along with mtDNA lineage/clade and microsatellite
      cluster assignments, morphology, and locality information. Abbreviations
      and field series abbreviations are as follows: ASU, Arizona State
      University; ATH, Andrew T. Holycross; BEZY, Robert L. Bezy;DAW, Dustin A.
      Wood; DGM, Daniel G. Mulcahy; JESMM, Jesse M. Meik; RDB, Randy Babb; RNF,
      Robert N. Fisher; ROM, Royal Ontario Museum; RWM, Robert W. Murphy; SDSNH
      (SD Field), San Diego Natural History Museum; TCB, Thomas C. Brennan; TRJ,
      Thomas R. Jones; UAZ, University of Arizona; UTA, University of Texas,
      Arlington; all other tissues were obtained from field surveys conducted by
      the San Diego Field Station, US Geological Survey. "n/a" = not
      applicable ##### Variables * Tissue ID * Voucher ID (museum or field ID) *
      Species - following proposed taxonomy from the results of the study *
      mtDNA lineage - details which mtDNA lineage or clade the sample is
      associated with * Microsatellite Cluster - details which cluster the
      sample was assigned to and the posterior probability of that assignment *
      Morphology scaled - whether color pattern and morpological data were taken
      for that specimen. A 'yes' means that a voucher sample was
      obtain and morphology was scored. A 'no' means no voucher
      specimen was available, only a tissue sample was taken. * County, State,
      County (if available), and Locality where the tissue sample was collected
      * Latitude/Longitude - gps coordinates where the sample was taken ####
      File: FigS1\_Mojave\_clade.pdf **Description:** Mojave lineage pruned from
      the full mtDNAphylogeny, shown in the upper left.Numbers at nodesrepresent
      posterior probability support values for individual clades. #### File:
      FigS3\_Colorado\_clade.pdf **Description:** Colorado lineage pruned from
      the fullmtDNA phylogeny, shown in the upper left.Numbers atnodes represent
      posterior probability support values for individualclades. #### File:
      FigS2\_Sonoran\_clade.pdf **Description:** Sonoran lineage pruned from the
      full mtDNAphylogeny, shown in the upper left.Numbers at nodesrepresent
      posterior probability support values for individual clades. #### File:
      FigS5\_Geneland.pdf **Description:** Posterior density of the number of
      clusters(K) from the MCMC analysis of genetic structure acrossArizona
      usingGENELAND. #### File: FigS4\_K\_approximation.pdf
      **Description:** Results from the mean lnP(D|K) scoreagainst the KMAXand
      theDKcriterion of Evanno et al  ## Access information Data was derived
      from the source: See publication
    </description>
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    </geoLocation>
    <geoLocation>
      <geoLocationPlace>Southwestern Deserts of the USA</geoLocationPlace>
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