{"data":{"id":"10.5061/dryad.1c59zw49x","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.1c59zw49x","prefix":"10.5061","suffix":"dryad.1c59zw49x","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Opdensteinen, Patrick","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Patrick","familyName":"Opdensteinen","affiliation":["University of California San Diego"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Lewin, Kyle","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Kyle","familyName":"Lewin","affiliation":["University of California San Diego"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Steinmetz, Nicole","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Nicole","familyName":"Steinmetz","affiliation":["University of California San Diego"],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Aagard, Marnie","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Marnie","familyName":"Aagard","affiliation":["University of California San Diego"],"nameIdentifiers":[{"schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0810-2201","nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"Scalable purification of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its bioconjugates from plant extracts using ultrafiltration"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Chemical sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Engineering and technology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Engineering and technology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Medical biotechnology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Medical biotechnology","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"FOS: Nano-technology","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Other natural sciences","schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"subject":"FOS: Other natural sciences","schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"CCMV"},{"subject":"Plant virus nanoparticle"},{"subject":"Plant biotechnology","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"Plant biochemistry","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"virus-like particle"},{"subject":"plant virus"},{"subject":"bionanomaterial"},{"subject":"Bioconjugate"},{"subject":"Ultrafiltration","schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"diafiltration"},{"subject":"Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus"}],"contributors":[{"name":"University of California San Diego","affiliation":[],"contributorType":"Sponsor","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2026-02-13T22:20:58Z","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2026-02-13T22:20:59Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1002/biot.70182","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["12477435 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"2","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"Plant virus-derived materials are finding applications in science,\n engineering, and technology – with some candidates advancing toward\n commercialization, scalable manufacturing methods are needed. We recently\n established ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) for purification of\n cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and tested here broader applicability of this\n process by purifying cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its\n bioconjugates. We optimized extraction, ultrafiltration and ion exchange\n chromatography for CCMV: acidic buffers (pH 4.0) were ideal for\n extraction, removing ~80% of plant host cell proteins while recovering\n nearly 100% of CCMV. Membranes with a 1000 kDa and 300 kDa molecular mass\n cut-off were best suited for ultrafiltration, allowing to remove\n impurities, both larger and smaller than CCMV, alongside bulk water. When\n combining these steps, the same level of purity (\u0026gt;99%) as the\n contemporary centrifugation process was achieved with only 7 instead of 13\n process steps, thus shortening the processing time from ~2-3 days to ~7\n hours. The ultrafiltration process was also compatible with virus\n purification by PEG-precipitation, allowing to harness the advantages of\n both methods. Importantly, UF/DF enabled purification of CCMV\n bioconjugates, not only shortening the processing time and improving the\n recovery up to ~95%, but also removing free dye more efficiently compared\n to centrifugation.","descriptionType":"Abstract"},{"description":"# Scalable purification of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its\n bioconjugates from plant extracts using ultrafiltration Dataset DOI:\n [10.5061/dryad.1c59zw49x](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1c59zw49x) ##\n Description of the data and file structure The following files contain the\n raw datasets required to reproduce the analyses presented in the article\n *“Scalable purification of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its\n bioconjugates from plant extracts using\n ultrafiltration\". *This article was authored by\n Patrick Opdensteinen, Kyle Lewin, and Nicole Steinmetz (Aiiso Yufeng Li\n Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of\n California, San Diego, CA, USA) for *Biotechnology Journal* (2026). These\n datasets support a comparison of two methods for plant virus purification:\n ultrafiltration and centrifugation. Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV)\n was extracted from infected host plant material using each purification\n method. The resulting viral protein samples were analyzed to evaluate\n yield and purity and to compare the performance of the two extraction\n approaches. The raw data included in this repository correspond to the\n measurements used to generate the figures and statistical analyses\n reported in the publication which are intended to be reproducible using\n the provided data. Methods used to assess product purity include ion\n exchange chromatography (IEC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC),\n dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). ###\n Files and variables #### File: Figure_1C_Raw_Data.xlsx\n **Description:** This file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw\n data used to produce the chromatogram shown in Figure 1C of the reference\n paper. *These data were collected after purification of CCMV via ion\n exchange chromatography, following pH treatment and*\n ***ultrafiltration/diafiltration*** *(UF/DF).*  ##### Variables * ml:\n milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * mS/cm: milliSiemens per\n centimeter * UV: ultraviolet #### File: Figure_3E_Raw_Data.xlsx\n **Description:** This file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw\n data used to produce Figure 3E in the reference paper. *The data detail\n the size exclusion chromatography elution profile of CCMV following\n purification via* ***centrifugation***. These data were collected to\n evaluate the quality and purity of the final CCMV product.  #####\n Variables * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * UV: ultraviolet\n #### File: Figure_3F_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This file is an Excel\n spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure 3F in the\n reference paper. *The data detail the size exclusion chromatography\n elution profile of CCMV following purification via*\n ***ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF)***. These data were collected to\n evaluate the quality and purity of the final CCMV product.  #####\n Variables * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * UV: ultraviolet\n #### File: Figure_3G_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This file is an Excel\n spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure 3G in the\n reference paper. *The data were collected via size exclusion\n chromatography and show the particle size distribution of CCMV that was*\n ***purified using the centrifugation process**.* These data were collected\n to evaluate the uniformity of the final CCMV product.  ##### Variables *\n PDI: Polydispersity Index (This measures heterogeneity of particle sizes\n in a sample and indicates the width of a particle size distribution plot.)\n #### File: Figure_3H_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description: **This\n file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce\n Figure 3H in the reference paper. *The data were collected via size\n exclusion chromatography and show the particle size distribution of CCMV\n that was* ***purified using the ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF)\n process**.* These data were collected to evaluate the uniformity of the\n final CCMV product.  ##### Variables * PDI: Polydispersity Index (This\n measures heterogeneity of particle sizes in a sample and indicates the\n width of a particle size distribution plot.) #### File:\n Figure_4F_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This is an Excel spreadsheet that\n contains the raw data used to produce Figure 4F in the reference paper.\n *The data detail the recovery of CCMV-FITC conjugates and the removal of\n free FITC after purification via ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) and\n centrifugation as measured by UV-Vis analysis*. These data were collected\n to evaluate the purifying ability of the UF/DF and centrifugation viral\n isolation methods.  ##### Variables * FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate *\n Conc: concentration * mg/ml: milligrams per milliliter * ml: milliliter *\n AV: average * SD: standard deviation * kDa: kilodalton * PES:\n polyethersulfone * min: minute * w/v: weight per volume * rpm: revolutions\n per minute * ml/min: milliliters per minute #### File:\n Figure_4G_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description: **This file is an\n Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure 4G in\n the reference paper. *The data were collected via size exclusion\n chromatography and show the elution profile of CCMV-FITC particles that\n were **purified via centrifugation**.* These data were collected to ensure\n that CCMV conjugate particles stay intact throughout the centrifugation\n purification process.  ##### Variables * UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter\n * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit #### File: Figure_4H_Raw_Data.xlsx\n **Description:** This file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw\n data used to produce Figure 4H in the reference paper. *The data were\n collected via size exclusion chromatography and show the elution profile\n of CCMV-FITC particles that were **purified via\n ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF).*** These data were collected to\n ensure that CCMV conjugate particles stay intact throughout the UF/DF\n purification process.  ##### Variables * UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter\n * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit #### File: Figure_S3B_Raw_Data.xlsx\n **Description: **This file is an Excel spreadsheet that\n contains the raw data used to produce Figure S3B in the reference paper.\n *The data were collected via ion exchange chromatography and show the\n purity of CCMV particles following pH treatment and PEG-precipitation\n after undergoing the ultrafiltration/diafiltration(UF/DF) process.* These\n data were collected to evaluate the purity of viral isolates when using\n the UF/DF process compared to PEG-precipitation alone.  ##### Variables *\n UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * mS/cm:\n milliSiemens per centimeter * PEG: polyethylene glycol #### File:\n Figure_S4A_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This file is an Excel\n spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure S4A in the\n reference paper. *The data were collected via size exclusion\n chromatography and show the elution profile of CCMV-FITC conjugate\n particles prior to purification.* These data were collected to evaluate\n the behavior of FITC under acidic chromatography conditions.  #####\n Variables * UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Units\n * FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate ## Code/software All files in this\n dataset are provided as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (.xlsx). The files\n can be opened and viewed using Microsoft Excel or other software capable\n of reading .xlsx formats (e.g., LibreOffice Calc, Google Sheets). No\n custom code, scripts, or specialized software are required to access or\n interpret the data files.","descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"schemeUri":"https://ror.org","funderName":"National Cancer Institute","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","funderIdentifierType":"ROR"},{"funderName":"NASA Human Research Program"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<resource xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4" xsi:schemaLocation="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 http://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4/metadata.xsd">
  <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5061/DRYAD.1C59ZW49X</identifier>
  <creators>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Opdensteinen, Patrick</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0168r3w48" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of California San Diego</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Lewin, Kyle</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0168r3w48" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of California San Diego</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Steinmetz, Nicole</creatorName>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0168r3w48" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of California San Diego</affiliation>
    </creator>
    <creator>
      <creatorName nameType="Personal">Aagard, Marnie</creatorName>
      <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0009-0004-0810-2201</nameIdentifier>
      <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/0168r3w48" affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org">University of California San Diego</affiliation>
    </creator>
  </creators>
  <titles>
    <title>
      Scalable purification of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its
      bioconjugates from plant extracts using ultrafiltration
    </title>
  </titles>
  <publisher publisherIdentifier="https://ror.org/00x6h5n95" publisherIdentifierScheme="ROR" schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Dryad</publisher>
  <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">dataset</resourceType>
  <publicationYear>2026</publicationYear>
  <subjects>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Biological sciences</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Chemical sciences</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Engineering and technology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Medical biotechnology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Nano-technology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="fos" schemeURI="https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf">FOS: Other natural sciences</subject>
    <subject>CCMV</subject>
    <subject>Plant virus nanoparticle</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Plant biotechnology</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Plant biochemistry</subject>
    <subject>virus-like particle</subject>
    <subject>plant virus</subject>
    <subject>bionanomaterial</subject>
    <subject>Bioconjugate</subject>
    <subject subjectScheme="PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus" schemeURI="https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus">Ultrafiltration</subject>
    <subject>diafiltration</subject>
    <subject>Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus</subject>
  </subjects>
  <fundingReferences>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>National Cancer Institute</funderName>
      <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="ROR">https://ror.org/040gcmg81</funderIdentifier>
      <awardTitle/>
    </fundingReference>
    <fundingReference>
      <funderName>NASA Human Research Program</funderName>
      <awardTitle/>
    </fundingReference>
  </fundingReferences>
  <contributors>
    <contributor contributorType="Sponsor">
      <contributorName>University of California San Diego</contributorName>
    </contributor>
  </contributors>
  <dates>
    <date dateType="Created">2026-02-13T22:20:58Z</date>
    <date dateType="Submitted">2026-02-13T22:20:59Z</date>
    <date dateType="Issued">2026-03-13T00:00:00Z</date>
    <date dateType="Available">2026-03-13T00:00:00Z</date>
  </dates>
  <language>en</language>
  <relatedIdentifiers>
    <relatedIdentifier relationType="IsCitedBy" relatedIdentifierType="DOI">https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.70182</relatedIdentifier>
  </relatedIdentifiers>
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    <size>12477435 bytes</size>
  </sizes>
  <version>2</version>
  <rightsList>
    <rights rightsURI="https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html">Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</rights>
  </rightsList>
  <descriptions>
    <description descriptionType="Abstract">
      Plant virus-derived materials are finding applications in science,
      engineering, and technology – with some candidates advancing toward
      commercialization, scalable manufacturing methods are needed. We recently
      established ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) for purification of
      cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and tested here broader applicability of this
      process by purifying cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its
      bioconjugates. We optimized extraction, ultrafiltration and ion exchange
      chromatography for CCMV: acidic buffers (pH 4.0) were ideal for
      extraction, removing ~80% of plant host cell proteins while recovering
      nearly 100% of CCMV. Membranes with a 1000 kDa and 300 kDa molecular mass
      cut-off were best suited for ultrafiltration, allowing to remove
      impurities, both larger and smaller than CCMV, alongside bulk water. When
      combining these steps, the same level of purity (&amp;gt;99%) as the
      contemporary centrifugation process was achieved with only 7 instead of 13
      process steps, thus shortening the processing time from ~2-3 days to ~7
      hours. The ultrafiltration process was also compatible with virus
      purification by PEG-precipitation, allowing to harness the advantages of
      both methods. Importantly, UF/DF enabled purification of CCMV
      bioconjugates, not only shortening the processing time and improving the
      recovery up to ~95%, but also removing free dye more efficiently compared
      to centrifugation.
    </description>
    <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">
      # Scalable purification of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its
      bioconjugates from plant extracts using ultrafiltration Dataset DOI:
      [10.5061/dryad.1c59zw49x](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1c59zw49x) ##
      Description of the data and file structure The following files contain the
      raw datasets required to reproduce the analyses presented in the article
      *“Scalable purification of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its
      bioconjugates from plant extracts using
      ultrafiltration".&amp;#xA0;*&amp;#x54;his article was authored by
      Patrick Opdensteinen, Kyle Lewin, and Nicole Steinmetz (Aiiso Yufeng Li
      Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of
      California, San Diego, CA, USA) for *Biotechnology Journal* (2026). These
      datasets support a comparison of two methods for plant virus purification:
      ultrafiltration and centrifugation. Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV)
      was extracted from infected host plant material using each purification
      method. The resulting viral protein samples were analyzed to evaluate
      yield and purity and to compare the performance of the two extraction
      approaches. The raw data included in this repository correspond to the
      measurements used to generate the figures and statistical analyses
      reported in the publication which are intended to be reproducible using
      the provided data. Methods used to assess product purity include ion
      exchange chromatography (IEC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC),
      dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). ###
      Files and variables #### File: Figure_1C_Raw_Data.xlsx
      **Description:** This file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw
      data used to produce the chromatogram shown in Figure 1C of the reference
      paper. *These data were collected after purification of CCMV via ion
      exchange chromatography, following pH treatment and*
      ***ultrafiltration/diafiltration*** *(UF/DF).*  ##### Variables * ml:
      milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * mS/cm: milliSiemens per
      centimeter * UV: ultraviolet #### File: Figure_3E_Raw_Data.xlsx
      **Description:** This file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw
      data used to produce Figure 3E in the reference paper. *The data detail
      the size exclusion chromatography elution profile of CCMV following
      purification via* ***centrifugation***. These data were collected to
      evaluate the quality and purity of the final CCMV product.  #####
      Variables * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * UV: ultraviolet
      #### File: Figure_3F_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This file is an Excel
      spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure 3F in the
      reference paper. *The data detail the size exclusion chromatography
      elution profile of CCMV following purification via*
      ***ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF)***. These data were collected to
      evaluate the quality and purity of the final CCMV product.  #####
      Variables * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * UV: ultraviolet
      #### File: Figure_3G_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This file is an Excel
      spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure 3G in the
      reference paper. *The data were collected via size exclusion
      chromatography and show the particle size distribution of CCMV that was*
      ***purified using the centrifugation process**.* These data were collected
      to evaluate the uniformity of the final CCMV product.  ##### Variables *
      PDI: Polydispersity Index (This measures heterogeneity of particle sizes
      in a sample and indicates the width of a particle size distribution plot.)
      #### File: Figure_3H_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:&amp;#xA0;**&amp;#x54;his
      file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce
      Figure 3H in the reference paper. *The data were collected via size
      exclusion chromatography and show the particle size distribution of CCMV
      that was* ***purified using the ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF)
      process**.* These data were collected to evaluate the uniformity of the
      final CCMV product.  ##### Variables * PDI: Polydispersity Index (This
      measures heterogeneity of particle sizes in a sample and indicates the
      width of a particle size distribution plot.) #### File:
      Figure_4F_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This is an Excel spreadsheet that
      contains the raw data used to produce Figure 4F in the reference paper.
      *The data detail the recovery of CCMV-FITC conjugates and the removal of
      free FITC after purification via ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) and
      centrifugation as measured by UV-Vis analysis*. These data were collected
      to evaluate the purifying ability of the UF/DF and centrifugation viral
      isolation methods.  ##### Variables * FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate *
      Conc: concentration * mg/ml: milligrams per milliliter * ml: milliliter *
      AV: average * SD: standard deviation * kDa: kilodalton * PES:
      polyethersulfone * min: minute * w/v: weight per volume * rpm: revolutions
      per minute * ml/min: milliliters per minute #### File:
      Figure_4G_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:&amp;#xA0;**&amp;#x54;his file is an
      Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure 4G in
      the reference paper. *The data were collected via size exclusion
      chromatography and show the elution profile of CCMV-FITC particles that
      were **purified via centrifugation**.* These data were collected to ensure
      that CCMV conjugate particles stay intact throughout the centrifugation
      purification process.  ##### Variables * UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter
      * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit #### File: Figure_4H_Raw_Data.xlsx
      **Description:** This file is an Excel spreadsheet that contains the raw
      data used to produce Figure 4H in the reference paper. *The data were
      collected via size exclusion chromatography and show the elution profile
      of CCMV-FITC particles that were **purified via
      ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF).*** These data were collected to
      ensure that CCMV conjugate particles stay intact throughout the UF/DF
      purification process.  ##### Variables * UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter
      * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit #### File: Figure_S3B_Raw_Data.xlsx
      **Description:&amp;#xA0;**&amp;#x54;his file is an Excel spreadsheet that
      contains the raw data used to produce Figure S3B in the reference paper.
      *The data were collected via ion exchange chromatography and show the
      purity of CCMV particles following pH treatment and PEG-precipitation
      after undergoing the ultrafiltration/diafiltration(UF/DF) process.* These
      data were collected to evaluate the purity of viral isolates when using
      the UF/DF process compared to PEG-precipitation alone.  ##### Variables *
      UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Unit * mS/cm:
      milliSiemens per centimeter * PEG: polyethylene glycol #### File:
      Figure_S4A_Raw_Data.xlsx **Description:** This file is an Excel
      spreadsheet that contains the raw data used to produce Figure S4A in the
      reference paper. *The data were collected via size exclusion
      chromatography and show the elution profile of CCMV-FITC conjugate
      particles prior to purification.* These data were collected to evaluate
      the behavior of FITC under acidic chromatography conditions.  #####
      Variables * UV: ultraviolet * ml: milliliter * mAU: milli-Absorbance Units
      * FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate ## Code/software All files in this
      dataset are provided as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (.xlsx). The files
      can be opened and viewed using Microsoft Excel or other software capable
      of reading .xlsx formats (e.g., LibreOffice Calc, Google Sheets). No
      custom code, scripts, or specialized software are required to access or
      interpret the data files.
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