{"data":{"id":"10.4121/3b8409e2-cb49-4d79-b6c3-d0eccd9c5266","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.4121/3b8409e2-cb49-4d79-b6c3-d0eccd9c5266","prefix":"10.4121","suffix":"3b8409e2-cb49-4d79-b6c3-d0eccd9c5266","identifiers":[],"alternateIdentifiers":[],"creators":[{"name":"Davood Farhadi","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Davood","familyName":"Farhadi","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"0000-0002-1685-1016","nameIdentifierScheme":"https://orcid.org/"}],"affiliation":[]},{"name":"Malte ten Wolde","nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Malte","familyName":"ten Wolde","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"0000-0001-8026-0483","nameIdentifierScheme":"https://orcid.org/"}],"affiliation":[]},{"name":"Eoinlee Bley","givenName":"Eoinlee","familyName":"Bley","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Data underlying the Thesis Chapter: \"Mechanical cellular automata for distributed state-dependent behavior\""}],"publisher":"4TU.ResearchData","container":{},"publicationYear":2026,"subjects":[{"subject":"Mechanical Engineering","subjectScheme":"Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC), 2008","classificationCode":"0913"},{"subject":"Engineering","subjectScheme":"Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC), 2008","classificationCode":"09"},{"subject":"Mechanical cellular automata"},{"subject":"Elementary cellular automata"},{"subject":"Rule 110"},{"subject":"Mechanical computation"},{"subject":"Distributed computation"},{"subject":"Mechanical metamaterials"},{"subject":"State-dependent interactions"},{"subject":"Multistability"},{"subject":"Tristability"},{"subject":"Elastic coupling"},{"subject":"Time: 2024-2026"}],"contributors":[{"name":"TU Delft, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Machine Matter Group, Delft, The Netherlands.","nameType":"Organizational","contributorType":"Other","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]},{"name":"Harvard John A. Paulson school of Engineering, aterials Science \u0026 Mechanical Engineering, Bertoldi Group: Solid Mechanics","nameType":"Organizational","contributorType":"Other","affiliation":[],"nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2026-10-30","dateType":"Issued"}],"language":"en","types":{"ris":"DATA","bibtex":"misc","citeproc":"dataset","schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceType":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsVersionOf","relatedIdentifier":"10.4121/3b8409e2-cb49-4d79-b6c3-d0eccd9c5266.v1","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":["ZIP (.zip), text (.txt), matlab code (.m), csv (.csv), videos (.gif), cad-files (.stl), prusa slicer (.stl), Arduino (.ino)"],"version":"1","rightsList":[{"rights":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rightsIdentifier":"cc-by-4.0","rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX"}],"descriptions":[{"description":"This dataset supports the research presented in \"Elastic Cellular Automata Materials\", investigating the physical implementation of elementary cellular automata through elastic mechanical structures and local state-dependent interactions.\u003cbr\u003eThe study introduces a mechanical framework in which discrete cellular states evolve according to local interaction rules under shared global actuation. Each unit cell incorporates a tristable state element with two switching thresholds, together with elastic sensing and coupling elements that transmit forces determined by the states of neighboring cells. By relating local interaction forces to mechanical switching thresholds, elementary cellular automaton rules can be translated into physically realizable mechanical designs.\u003cbr\u003eThe research combines a mathematical force-threshold framework, analytical mechanical modeling, nonlinear finite element analysis using ANSYS APDL, and experimental characterization of compliant elastic components and interacting unit cells. The mechanical realization includes a one-dimensional array of six interconnected cells implementing Rule 110. Numerical studies further investigate collective state evolution, scaling to larger arrays, and alternative elementary cellular automaton rules achieved through variations in coupling forces, switching thresholds, and actuation conditions.\u003cbr\u003eThe study characterizes force-displacement responses, switching thresholds, local mechanical interactions, cyclic operation, and the evolution of discrete cell states. The mechanical system employs a staged actuation protocol incorporating sensing, reset, and state-evolution phases.\u003cbr\u003eThe research data provide a basis for reproducing the mechanical implementation of Rule 110 and investigating distributed, reconfigurable mechanical information processing.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"xml":"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