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Benchmark elevations are published by [1–3] as static values: the most recently determined elevation remains the officially assigned value until a subsequent leveling survey provides an update. Consequently, the published benchmark elevation time series exhibit stepwise changes rather than continuous temporal variations.All elevations are referenced to a datum defined by one or more benchmarks whose elevations are treated as deterministic and fixed. During the fifth national leveling campaign, it was established that the original reference benchmark in central Amsterdam, dating from the 1930s, had undergone vertical displacement. The NAP reference was therefore transferred to a group of benchmarks in the Veluwe and Utrechtse Heuvelrug regions [2]. Because previously published elevations were not retroactively adjusted to the revised datum, this change introduced additional discontinuities into the historical benchmark elevation records.Although these inconsistencies are generally acceptable for many civil engineering applications, they become increasingly problematic when analyzing land subsidence over several decades, as accumulated datum-related biases can reach the centimeter level.In this dataset, we have resolved the discontinuities in the original static vertical reference frame by correcting for changes in the reference benchmark and subsequently estimating a linear elevation model for each benchmark. The resulting realization is referred to as the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum DynamicVertical Reference Frame NAP-D2023P1 [4, Chapter 2]. The designation *2023* indicates that all observations up to and including 2023 were incorporated, while *P1* denotes the use of first-order polynomial (linear) temporal models.For long-term subsidence monitoring, however, it is also essential to account for the vertical motion of the reference benchmark group itself. We estimated this motion by establishing a datum connection to absolute gravimetry benchmarks [4, Chapter 2; 5]. The resulting estimated vertical velocity of 0.15±0.12 mm/y is applied as a common correction to the estimated velocity of every benchmark. Although this correction is negligible for many civil engineering applications, neglecting it in longterm subsidence monitoring can introduce systematic biases that accumulate to several millimeters or even centimeters over multiple decades.\u003cbr\u003eThe dataset is stored and distributed as a ZIP archive containing more than 80,000 Excel (.xlsx) files, one for each benchmark. The files are organized hierarchically by map-sheet index (1–62), map-sheet subdivision (A–H), and benchmark status (active or inactive). An overview of the map-sheet classification is provided by Rijkswaterstaat [1]. The Excel files contain column headers in both English and Dutch. A separate worksheet contains the first-order network benchmarks, including all available observations from the second through fifth National Leveling Campaigns. Linear temporal models are provided wherever sufficient observations are available. Each second-order benchmark is documented in an individual Excel (.xlsx) file containing three worksheets: \u003cem\u003eInfo\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePictures\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eHistory\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eInfo\u003c/em\u003e worksheet contains the estimated model (if possible) and additional metadata on the benchmark. The \u003cem\u003ePictures\u003c/em\u003e tab contains hyperlinks to all available images of the benchmark. The \u003cem\u003eHistory\u003c/em\u003e tab contains all observations of this benchmark. The raw data was retrieved between April and June 2023 directly from Rijkswaterstaat [1] using a web scraper developed for this purpose (available in the GitHub repository [6]). All available data on Rijkwaterstaat [1] up to June 2023 is included in this dataset. Additional metadata regarding the fields in \u003cem\u003eInfo\u003c/em\u003e, the fields in \u003cem\u003eHistory\u003c/em\u003e, and the datum connection to absolute gravimetry is provided in the README.\u003cbr\u003eReferences:\u003cbr\u003e[1] Rijkswaterstaat, “NAPinfo” (in Dutch). 2026. URL: https://geoweb.rijkswaterstaat.nl/ModuleViewer/?app=9b07e48705b54e6aa39af7eb36e9544c (visited on 02/04/2026).[2] Brand, G.B.M., “Herberekening van het primaire net van het NAP”. Tech. rep. (in Dutch). Survey Department of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat): AGI/GAP–04/004, 2004. URL: https://open.rijkswaterstaat.nl/zoeken/@16825/herberekening-primaire-net-nap/ .[3] Waalewijn, A., “De tweede Nauwkeurigheidswaterpassing van Nederland 1926-1940” (in Dutch) Rijkscommissie voor Geodesie, 1979. ISBN: 9789061320302.[4] van Diepen, S.A.N., “The Dynamic Digital Elevation Model. Definition, Methodology and Implementation of Time-Variable Digital Elevation Models”. PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, in prep..[5] Reudink, R., R. Klees, B. Alberts, and P. van Waarden. “Absolute vertical motion of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (NAP)”. In: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) 382 (2020), pp. 161–165. https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-161-2020 .[6] van Diepen, S.A.N., “NAPinfo-webscraper”. 2026. URL: https://github.com/TUDelftGeodesy/NAPinfo-webscraper (visited on 09/04/2026).","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPlace":"Netherlands","geoLocationPoint":{"pointLatitude":52.3,"pointLongitude":5.5}}],"fundingReferences":[{"awardTitle":"Regiodeal Bodemdaling Groene Hart","funderName":"Regiodeal Bodemdaling Groene Hart","awardNumber":"No code available"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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    <title>The Amsterdam Ordnance Datum Dynamic Vertical Reference Frame NAP-D2023P1</title>
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    <description descriptionType="Abstract">&lt;p&gt;As of 2026, the vertical reference frame of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (NAP) comprises 346 deeply founded first-order benchmarks and more than 80,000 second-order benchmarks. Benchmark elevations are published by [1–3] as static values: the most recently determined elevation remains the officially assigned value until a subsequent leveling survey provides an update. Consequently, the published benchmark elevation time series exhibit stepwise changes rather than continuous temporal variations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;All elevations are referenced to a datum defined by one or more benchmarks whose elevations are treated as deterministic and fixed. During the fifth national leveling campaign, it was established that the original reference benchmark in central Amsterdam, dating from the 1930s, had undergone vertical displacement. The NAP reference was therefore transferred to a group of benchmarks in the Veluwe and Utrechtse Heuvelrug regions [2]. Because previously published elevations were not retroactively adjusted to the revised datum, this change introduced additional discontinuities into the historical benchmark elevation records.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although these inconsistencies are generally acceptable for many civil engineering applications, they become increasingly problematic when analyzing land subsidence over several decades, as accumulated datum-related biases can reach the centimeter level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this dataset, we have resolved the discontinuities in the original static vertical reference frame by correcting for changes in the reference benchmark and subsequently estimating a linear elevation model for each benchmark. The resulting realization is referred to as the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum Dynamic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vertical Reference Frame NAP-D2023P1 [4, Chapter 2]. The designation *2023* indicates that all observations up to and including 2023 were incorporated, while *P1* denotes the use of first-order polynomial (linear) temporal models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For long-term subsidence monitoring, however, it is also essential to account for the vertical motion of the reference benchmark group itself. We estimated this motion by establishing a datum connection to absolute gravimetry benchmarks [4, Chapter 2; 5]. The resulting estimated vertical velocity of  0.15±0.12 mm/y is applied as a common correction to the estimated velocity of every benchmark. Although this correction is negligible for many civil engineering applications, neglecting it in longterm subsidence monitoring can introduce systematic biases that accumulate to several millimeters or even centimeters over multiple decades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dataset is stored and distributed as a ZIP archive containing more than 80,000 Excel (.xlsx) files, one for each benchmark. The files are organized hierarchically by map-sheet index (1–62), map-sheet subdivision (A–H), and benchmark status (active or inactive). An overview of the map-sheet classification is provided by Rijkswaterstaat [1]. The Excel files contain column headers in both English and Dutch. A separate worksheet contains the first-order network benchmarks, including all available observations from the second through fifth National Leveling Campaigns. Linear temporal models are provided wherever sufficient observations are available. Each second-order benchmark is documented in an individual Excel (.xlsx) file containing three worksheets: &lt;em&gt;Info&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Pictures&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;History&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;Info&lt;/em&gt; worksheet contains the estimated model (if possible) and additional metadata on the benchmark. The &lt;em&gt;Pictures&lt;/em&gt; tab contains hyperlinks to all available images of the benchmark. The &lt;em&gt;History&lt;/em&gt; tab contains all observations of this benchmark. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The raw data was retrieved between April and June 2023 directly from Rijkswaterstaat [1] using a web scraper developed for this purpose (available in the GitHub repository [6]). All available data on Rijkwaterstaat [1] up to June 2023 is included in this dataset. Additional metadata regarding the fields in &lt;em&gt;Info&lt;/em&gt;, the fields in &lt;em&gt;History&lt;/em&gt;, and the datum connection to absolute gravimetry is provided in the README.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] Rijkswaterstaat,  “NAPinfo” (in Dutch). 2026. URL: https://geoweb.rijkswaterstaat.nl/ModuleViewer/?app=9b07e48705b54e6aa39af7eb36e9544c (visited on 02/04/2026).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] Brand, G.B.M., “Herberekening van het primaire net van het NAP”. Tech. rep. (in Dutch). Survey Department of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat): AGI/GAP–04/004, 2004. URL: https://open.rijkswaterstaat.nl/zoeken/@16825/herberekening-primaire-net-nap/ .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] Waalewijn, A., “De tweede Nauwkeurigheidswaterpassing van Nederland 1926-1940” (in Dutch) Rijkscommissie voor Geodesie, 1979. ISBN: 9789061320302.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4] van Diepen, S.A.N., “The Dynamic Digital Elevation Model. Definition, Methodology and Implementation of Time-Variable Digital Elevation Models”. PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, in prep..&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[5] Reudink, R., R. Klees, B. Alberts, and P. van Waarden. “Absolute vertical motion of the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum (NAP)”. In: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) 382 (2020), pp. 161–165. https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-161-2020 .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[6] van Diepen, S.A.N.,  “NAPinfo-webscraper”. 2026. URL: https://github.com/TUDelftGeodesy/NAPinfo-webscraper (visited on 09/04/2026).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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