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Colloidal indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs) offer a low-cost, RoHS-compliant alternative to epitaxial III–V semiconductors. But their performance is limited by a high density of surface trap states that induce nonradiative recombination and potentially give rise to a high dark current in photodiodes. Here, we demonstrate that InF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e can effectively passivate these surface traps, significantly improving both optical and electronic properties. In non-polar solvents, a simple InF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e treatment on oleylamine/chloride-capped In(As,P) and oleate-capped InAs QDs increases the photoluminescence quantum yield to 13% and 4%, respectively—the highest reported for core-only InAs QDs. In polar media, the InF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e treatment remains effective but reduces colloidal stability. To overcome this limitation, a solid-state \u003cem\u003ein situ\u003c/em\u003e InF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e treatment of QD films was used. The treatment doubles the carrier lifetime and lowers the dark carrier density, confirmed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, microwave conductivity, and electrochemically gated transistor measurements. In SWIR photodetectors, this leads to an order-of-magnitude reduction in dark current density and a three-fold increase in the calculated specific detectivity assuming it is shot-noise-limited. Temperature-dependent dark current density and thermal admittance spectroscopy measurements reveal that deep trap states dominate the dark current in InAs QDs photodetectors. The InF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e treatment strongly suppresses these traps. These findings establish InF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e passivation as a powerful, promising strategy for mitigating surface-trap-induced dark current and advancing high-performance, RoHS-compliant SWIR photodetectors.","descriptionType":"Abstract"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"awardTitle":"China Scholarship Council (CSC)","funderName":"unknown"},{"awardTitle":"QUALITy","funderName":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","awardNumber":"17188"}],"xml":"<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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    <title>Data supporting the publication: InF3 Surface Passivation on InAs Quantum Dots Enhances Photoluminescence and Reduces Trap-induced Dark Current in Shortwave Infrared Photodetectors</title>
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    <subject>indium arsenide</subject>
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    <subject>trap states</subject>
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    <subject>Time: 2024-2026</subject>
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    <description descriptionType="Abstract">&lt;p&gt;Shortwave infrared (SWIR) photodetectors are crucial for emerging technologies such as autonomous driving, smart agriculture, industrial inspection, and eye-safe LiDAR. Colloidal indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs) offer a low-cost, RoHS-compliant alternative to epitaxial III–V semiconductors. But their performance is limited by a high density of surface trap states that induce nonradiative recombination and potentially give rise to a high dark current in photodiodes. Here, we demonstrate that InF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; can effectively passivate these surface traps, significantly improving both optical and electronic properties. In non-polar solvents, a simple InF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; treatment on oleylamine/chloride-capped In(As,P) and oleate-capped InAs QDs increases the photoluminescence quantum yield to 13% and 4%, respectively—the highest reported for core-only InAs QDs. In polar media, the InF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; treatment remains effective but reduces colloidal stability. To overcome this limitation, a solid-state &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; InF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; treatment of QD films was used. The treatment doubles the carrier lifetime and lowers the dark carrier density, confirmed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, microwave conductivity, and electrochemically gated transistor measurements. In SWIR photodetectors, this leads to an order-of-magnitude reduction in dark current density and a three-fold increase in the calculated specific detectivity assuming it is shot-noise-limited. Temperature-dependent dark current density and thermal admittance spectroscopy measurements reveal that deep trap states dominate the dark current in InAs QDs photodetectors. The InF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; treatment strongly suppresses these traps. These findings establish InF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; passivation as a powerful, promising strategy for mitigating surface-trap-induced dark current and advancing high-performance, RoHS-compliant SWIR photodetectors.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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